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Free Svaneti
Free Svaneti ( ka, თავისუფალი სვანეთი, ''t'avisup'ali svanet'i''; russian: Вольная Сванетия, ''vol'naya svanetiya'') was a name applied to the self-governing communities of Svan highlanders, originally coined by the Imperial Russian officials and explorers of the Caucasus. These communities formed a loose confederation with a clan-based traditional system of law. As a quasi-autonomous region, Free Svaneti probably emerged with the decline of Georgian feudalism in the 15th century and was devoid of any centralized government until being subjected to the Russian Empire in 1853. The last vestiges of the Svan self-rule was brought to an end by the Russian military in 1876. Society The Free Svan communities occupied eastern part of Upper Svaneti, the so-called Upper Bal region, along the upper Enguri River, and comprised the Latali, Lenjeri, Mulakhi, Mulazhi, Ieli, Tsvirmi, Ipari, Adishi, Kala, and Ushguli village communes, with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Map Of Free Svanetia (1855)
A map is a symbolic depiction emphasizing relationships between elements of some space, such as objects, regions, or themes. Many maps are static, fixed to paper or some other durable medium, while others are dynamic or interactive. Although most commonly used to depict geography, maps may represent any space, real or fictional, without regard to context or scale, such as in brain mapping, DNA mapping, or computer network topology mapping. The space being mapped may be two dimensional, such as the surface of the earth, three dimensional, such as the interior of the earth, or even more abstract spaces of any dimension, such as arise in modeling phenomena having many independent variables. Although the earliest maps known are of the heavens, geographic maps of territory have a very long tradition and exist from ancient times. The word "map" comes from the , wherein ''mappa'' meant 'napkin' or 'cloth' and ''mundi'' 'the world'. Thus, "map" became a shortened term referring to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erast Tsytovich
Erast Stepanovich Tsytovich (russian: Эраст Степанович Цытович, 28 February 1830 – 27 January 1898) was an Imperial Russian military commander. By the end of his nearly five decades of service, Tsytovich attained to the rank of General of the Infantry in 1895. He took part in the 1849 Hungarian campaign, the Caucasus War The Caucasian War (russian: Кавказская война; ''Kavkazskaya vojna'') or Caucasus War was a 19th century military conflict between the Russian Empire and various peoples of the North Caucasus who resisted subjugation during the R ... (including the 1876 pacification campaign of Free Svanetia, known as Svaneti uprising of 1875–1876), and the 1877–78 Russo-Turkish War. From 1896 to his death, Tsytovich sat in the Imperial Military Council.Цытович Эраст Степанович // Биографический словарь // Высшие чины Российской Империи (1721—1917). — Мос ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Bartolomei
Ivan Alekseyevich Bartolomei (russian: Иван Алексеевич Бартоломей, 28 November 1813 – 5 October 1870) was an Russian Empire, Imperial Russian military officer, antiquarian, and writer. Biography Bartolomei was born in St. Petersburg in the family of a Russian army general, originally of the Livonian noble family of von Bartholomäi. He took part in the Caucasus War and the Crimean War. In 1853, he led a mission to bring the mountaineers of Free Svanetia under Russian suzerainty. He was promoted to lieutenant-general in 1865. Beyond his service as an Imperial general and bureaucrat, Bartolomei was interested in the peoples and cultures of the Caucasus. He collected Georgian, Bactrian, Parthian, and Sasanian coins, which he subsequently donated to the Hermitage Museum. He authored several studies on the Caucasian ethnography and linguistics and first attempts at creating Abkhaz language, Abkhaz and Chechen language, Chechen primers. He died in Tiflis in 187 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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