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Free Republic Of The Congo
The Free Republic of the Congo (french: République Libre du Congo), often referred to as Congo-Stanleyville, was a short-lived rival government to the Republic of the Congo (Congo-Léopoldville) based in the eastern Congo and led by Antoine Gizenga. Following Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba's deposition in September 1960 in the midst of the Congo Crisis, many of his supporters became disillusioned with the government in Léopoldville (modern-day Kinshasa). Under Lumumba's deputy, Antoine Gizenga, leftists organised in Stanleyville (modern-day Kisangani) and in December declared their own government to be the legal successor to the prime minister's administration. Gizenga quickly amassed military strength and, by February 1961, had occupied vast portions of Congolese territory. In August, negotiations between the two governments resulted in Gizenga agreeing to stand down. He returned to the office of deputy under the new prime minister, Cyrille Adoula. Still, Gizenga distanced h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of The Democratic Republic Of The Congo
The national flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: drapeau de la république démocratique du Congo) is a sky blue flag, adorned with a yellow star in the upper left canton and cut diagonally by a red stripe with a yellow fimbriation. It was adopted on 20 February 2006. A new constitution, ratified in December 2005 and which came into effect in February 2006, promoted a return to a flag similar to that flown between 1963 and 1971, with a change from a royal blue to sky blue background. Blue represents peace. Red stands for "the blood of the country's martyrs", yellow the country's wealth; and the star symbol the future for the country. Colours The colours approximation is listed below: Previous flags The previous flag was adopted in 2003. It was similar to the flag used between 1960 and 1963. That flag, in turn, was based on the flag which was originally used by King Leopold's Association Internationale Africaine and was first used in 1877. The 1877 design ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Kasai
South Kasai (french: Sud-Kasaï) was an List of historical unrecognized states and dependencies, unrecognised Secession, secessionist state within the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville), Republic of the Congo (the modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo) which was semi-independent between 1960 and 1962. Initially proposed as only a province, South Kasai sought full Autonomous administrative division, autonomy in similar circumstances to the much larger neighbouring state of Katanga, to its south, during the political turmoil arising from the independence of the Belgian Congo known as the Congo Crisis. Unlike Katanga, however, South Kasai did not explicitly declare full independence from the Republic of the Congo or reject Congolese sovereignty. The South Kasaian leader and main advocate, Albert Kalonji, who had represented a faction of the African Nationalism, nationalist movement (the ''Mouvement National Congolais, Mouvement National Congolais-Kalonji'' or MNC-K) before d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Bank Of The Congo
The Central Bank of the Congo (french: Banque centrale du Congo) is the central bank of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The bank's main offices are on Boulevard Colonel Tshatshi in La Gombe in Kinshasa. The bank is engaged in developing policies to promote financial inclusion and is a member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion. On 5 May 2012 the Central Bank of the Democratic Republic of Congo announced it would be making specific commitments to financial inclusion under the Maya Declaration. Regional operations The central bank operates a network of regional branches across the DRC, the largest country in Sub-Saharan Africa. Branches can be found in Lubumbashi, Goma, Kamina, Kasumbalesa, Kikwit, Tshikapa, Ilebo and Matadi. In cities where the central bank is not present, a commercial bank can be appointed to represent it; Trust Merchant Bank performs such a role in Likasi and Kolwezi. History From 1886 to 1908, King Leopold II of the Belgians ruled the Congo Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senate (Democratic Republic Of The Congo)
The Senate is the upper house of the Parliament of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The senate was established in 1960, abolished in 1967 and re-established in 2003. During the transition period in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2003 - 2006), the Senate, aside from its legislative role, also had the task of drafting the country's new constitution. This task came to fruition with the adoption of the draft in Parliament in May 2005, and its approval by the Congolese people, in a successful democratic referendum on 18 and 19 December 2005. The current President of the Senate is Modeste Bahati Lukwebo, elected in 5 March 2021. The Secretary General is David Byaza Sanda Lutala. The most recent Senate was sworn in on January 28, 2019. Election Senators were elected under the new constitution on 19 January 2007 by the provincial parliaments of their respective provinces. Members of the Senate are indirectly elected by the Provincial Assemblies. Each of the 25 provin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Okito
Joseph Okito (5 February 1910 – 17 January 1961) was a Congolese politician and close political ally to Patrice Lumumba who briefly served as Second Vice-President of the Senate of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then Republic of the Congo). He was executed alongside Lumumba in Katanga in 1961. Biography Joseph Okito was born on 5 February 1910 in the village of Koyapongo, Lusambo Territory, Belgian Congo. He worked for the colonial administration for many years, serving as the chief of the Batetela sector of the Lusambo Territory. He was cited by the '' évolués'' of Luluabourg in a March 1944 memorandum as an example of a dedicated civil servant. He was later admitted into the Union des Interets Sociaux Congolais, an elite cultural society for ''évolués''. Okito enjoyed an elevated social status due to his entrepreneurship and significant ownership of property. He was co-opted into the Kasai Provincial Council in 1957, serving until 1959. During the same time he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lumumba Government
The Lumumba Government (french: Gouvernement Lumumba), also known as the Lumumba Ministry or Lumumba Cabinet, was the first set of ministers, ministers of state, and secretaries of state that governed the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville), Republic of the Congo) under the leadership of Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba from 24 June until 12 September 1960. The government inherited many problems from the era of the Belgian Congo, a tightly administered colony which for most of its existence had few political freedoms. Its members came from different social classes, different tribes, and held varied political beliefs. Weak and divided, its tenure was dominated by Mutiny of the Force Publique, a widespread mutiny in the army and two secessions. An exodus of thousands of Belgian functionaries—who had controlled most of the bureaucracy—left the administration in disarray. The United Nations created United Nations Operation in the Congo, a larg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Mulele
Pierre Mulele (11 August 1929 – 3 or 9 October 1968) was a Congolese rebel active in the Simba rebellion of 1964. Mulele had also been minister of education in Patrice Lumumba's cabinet. With the assassination of Lumumba in January 1961 and the arrest of his recognised deputy Antoine Gizenga one year later, Mulele became one of the top Lumumbists determined to continue the struggle. He went to Cairo as the representative of the Lumumbists' Congo National Liberation Committee based in Brazzaville. From Cairo he proceeded to China in 1963 to receive military training, and also took a group of Congolese youths with him, who received training in guerrilla tactics. Mulele was lured out of exile after Mobutu promised him amnesty, but Mobutu had him tortured and executed after Mulele returned to the Congo. He was a member of the Bapende ethnic group. Career Simba rebellion In January 1964, a new conflict broke out as Congolese rebels calling themselves "Simba" ( Swahili for "lion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christophe Gbenye
Christophe Gbenye ( 1927 – 3 February 2015) was a Congolese politician, trade unionist, and rebel who, along with Gaston Soumialot, led the Simba rebellion, an anti-government insurrection in the Democratic Republic of the Congo during the Congo Crisis, between 1964 and 1965. Biography Christophe Gbenye was born in Bas-Uélé District, Orientale Province in the Belgian Congo in 1927 as a member of the Mbua tribe. Relatively little is known about his early life. He served as a clerk for the Stanleyville municipal government's finance department and became a trade unionist. He later served as the vice president of the eastern Congo branch of the General Labour Federation of Belgium which in 1951 became the Confederation of Free Trade Unions of the Congo. Gbenye joined Patrice Lumumba's independence oriented ''Mouvement National Congolais'' (MNC-L) in the late 1950s, and became a prominent leader of the party by 1959. Lumumba appointed him minister of the interior in the firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anicet Kashamura
Anicet Kashamura (17 December 1928 – 18 August 2004) was a Congolese politician. Biography Anicet Kashamura was born in 1928 in the Kalehe Territory, locality of Kalehe in Kivu, Kivu Province, Belgian Congo. From 1948 to 1956 he worked as an accountant for different agencies of the colonial administration. Afterwards he became a journalist and entered politics. In 1958 he co-founded the ''Centre du Regroupement Africain'' (CEREA) party. Following Congolese independence in 1960, Kashamura became Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba's minister of information, until himself and Lumumba were dismissed by President Joseph Kasa-Vubu on 5 September. After Laurent-Désiré Kabila seized power in the Congo in May 1997, Kashamura was appointed chairman of a commission charged with drafting a new constitution for the country. He died on 18 August 2004. Citations References * * * 1928 births 2004 deaths Democratic Republic of the Congo journalists Lumumba Govern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maurice Mpolo
Maurice Mpolo (12 September 1928 – 17 January 1961) was a Congolese politician who served as Minister of Youth and Sports of the Republic of the Congo in 1960. He briefly led the Congolese army that July. He was executed alongside Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba in Katanga in 1961. Biography Maurice Mpolo was born on 12 September 1928 in Inongo, Belgian Congo. His father was Alphonse Membe. He had five years of primary education before studying as a novitiate for three years at the Fréres des Écoles Chrétiennes à Tumba. He later attended school in Léopoldville but was forced to drop out due to domestic problems. He became involved in several private enterprises and served in the colonial police force, though he was dismissed from duty on 10 September 1952 after being repeatedly reprimanded for displaying arrogance and indiscipline. Mpolo also worked as a journalist and was arrested by the Belgian administration for publishing opinions they considered "displaced", though he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Mbuyi
Joseph Mbuyi (12 August 1929 – 1960/1961) was a Congolese politician. He served as the Minister of Middle Classes of the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville), Republic of the Congo (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) in 1960. Biography Joseph Mbuyi was born on 12 August 1929 in Mikalaye, Kananga, Luluabourg, Belgian Congo. Mbuyi joined the Mouvement National Congolais (MNC), and when the party split he joined Patrice Lumumba's wing and became the secretary of its national committee. He initially attended the 1960 Belgo-Congolese Round Table Conference in Brussels as a delegate for the MNC-Lumumba. He was replaced and left in early February before the conference ended and returned to Kinshasa, Léopoldville. He served as Minister of Middle Classes in Lumumba's Lumumba Government, government, which was officially invested by Parliament on 24 June 1960. The government planned on eventually making him the Congo's first ambassador to the United States. On 22 July Lumumba le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mobutu Sese Seko
Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga (; born Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; 14 October 1930 – 7 September 1997) was a Congolese politician and military officer who was the president of Zaire from 1965 to 1997 (known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1965 to 1971). He also served as Chairman of the Organisation of African Unity from 1967 to 1968. During the Congo Crisis, Mobutu, serving as Chief of Staff of the Army and supported by Belgium and the United States, deposed the democratically elected government of left-wing nationalist Patrice Lumumba in 1960. Mobutu installed a government that arranged for Lumumba's execution in 1961, and continued to lead the country's armed forces until he took power directly in a second coup in 1965. To consolidate his power, he established the Popular Movement of the Revolution as the One-party state, sole legal political party in 1967, changed the Congo's name to ''Zaire'' in 1971, and his own name to Mobutu Sese Seko in 1972. Mobut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
