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Francisco Spinola
Francisco Spinola, S.J. (April 5, 1654 – June 28, 1694) was an Italian Roman Catholic Jesuit priest who was appointed as Bishop of Nanking. He died before he was able to reach his See and was never consecrated. Biography Francisco Spinola was born in Genoa on April 5, 1654, and ordained a priest in the Society of Jesus on June 1, 1673, in Genoa. On October 15, 1689, he made his 3 vows and was named as Spiritual Coadjutator. In 1690, he was named by Pope Alexander VIII as coadjutor Bishop of Nanking to succeed Bishop Gregory Luo Wenzao (Wenzao died in February 1691 and Father Giovanni Francesco Nicolai, who was nominated by Wenzao as his successor under authority granted by the Holy See, would run the diocese in the interim). As Father Nicolai had not been approved by the Portuguese, the appointment of Spinola was accepted by the Portuguese to replace Wenzao as bishop. On August 15, 1690, he made the profession of the Fourth vow, and departed for Portugal. In April 1692, he s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization.O'Collins, p. v (preface). The church consists of 24 ''sui iuris'' churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The bishopric of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small enclave of the Italian city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state. The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theocratic
Theocracy is a form of government in which one or more deities are recognized as supreme ruling authorities, giving divine guidance to human intermediaries who manage the government's daily affairs. Etymology The word theocracy originates from the el, θεοκρατία () meaning "the rule of God". This, in turn, derives from θεός (theos), meaning "god", and κρατέω (''krateo''), meaning "to rule". Thus the meaning of the word in Greek was "rule by god(s)" or human incarnation(s) of god(s). The term was initially coined by Flavius Josephus in the first century AD to describe the characteristic government of the Jews. Josephus argued that while mankind had developed many forms of rule, most could be subsumed under the following three types: monarchy, oligarchy, and democracy. However, according to Josephus, the government of the Jews was unique. Josephus offered the term "theocracy" to describe this polity in which God was sovereign and His word was law. Josephus' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People From Genoa
A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. The defining features of personhood and, consequently, what makes a person count as a person, differ widely among cultures and contexts. In addition to the question of personhood, of what makes a being count as a person to begin with, there are further questions about personal identity and self: both about what makes any particular person that particular person instead of another, and about what makes a person at one time the same person as they were or will be at another time despite any intervening changes. The plural form "people" is often used to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group (as in "a people"), and this was the original meaning of the word; it subsequently acquired its use as a plural form of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishops Appointed By Pope Alexander VIII
A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is called episcopacy. Organizationally, several Christian denominations utilize ecclesiastical structures that call for the position of bishops, while other denominations have dispensed with this office, seeing it as a symbol of power. Bishops have also exercised political authority. Traditionally, bishops claim apostolic succession, a direct historical lineage dating back to the original Twelve Apostles or Saint Paul. The bishops are by doctrine understood as those who possess the full priesthood given by Jesus Christ, and therefore may ordain other clergy, including other bishops. A person ordained as a deacon, priest (i.e. presbyter), and then bishop is understood to hold the fullness of the ministerial priesthood, given responsibility by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1694 Deaths
Events January–March * January 16 – Francesco Morosini, the Doge of Venice since 1688, dies after ruling the Republic for more than five years and a few months after an unsuccessful attempt to capture the island of Negropont from the Ottoman Empire during the Morean War. * January 18 – Sir James Montgomery of Scotland, who had been arrested on January 11 for conspiracy to restore King James to the throne, escapes and flees to France. * January 21 (January 11 O.S.) – The Kiev Academy, now the national university of Ukraine, receives official recognition by Tsar Ivan V of Russia. * January 28 – '' Pirro e Demetrio'', an opera by Alessandro Scarlatti, is given its first performance, debuting at the Teatro San Bartolomeo in Naples. The opera is adapted in 1708 in London as Pyrrhus and Demetrius and becomes the second most popular opera in 18th century London. * January 29 – French missionary Jean-Baptiste Labat arrives in the "New World", landing at the Caribbean ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1654 Births
Events January–March * January 6– In India, Jaswant Singh of Marwar (in what is now the state of Rajasthan) is elevated to the title of Maharaja by Emperor Shah Jahan. * January 11– In the Battle of Río Bueno in southern Chile during the Arauco War, the indigenous Huilliche warriors rout Spanish troops from Fort Nacimiento who are attempting to cross the Bueno River. * January 26– Portugal recaptures the South American city of Recife from the Netherlands after a siege of more than two years during the Dutch-Portuguese War, bringing an end to Dutch rule of what is now Brazil. The Dutch West India Company had held the city (which they called Mauritsstad) for more than 23 years. * February 9– Spanish troops led by Don Gabriel de Rojas y Figueroa successfully attack the Fort de Rocher, a pirate-controlled base on the Caribbean island of Tortuga. * February 10– The Battle of Tullich takes place in Aberdeenshire in Scotland during Gle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishop Of Nanking
The Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Nanjing ( la, Archidioecesis Nanchinensis) (Jiangsu) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in China. History It was erected as the Apostolic Vicariate of Nanjing in 1659 by Pope Alexander VII, and promoted to a diocese by Pope Alexander VIII on April 10, 1690. On 15 October 1696, its territory was reduced by Pope Innocent XII to two provinces: Jiangnan (the present day provinces of Anhui, Jiangsu, and Shanghai) and Ho-nan (Henan province). The diocese was demoted to the Apostolic Vicariate of Kiangnan on January 21, 1856 by Pope Pius IX, and its name was later changed to the Apostolic Vicariate of Kiangsu on August 8, 1921 and to the Vicariate Apostolic of Nanjing on May 1, 1922. Pope Pius XII elevated it on April 11, 1946 to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese, with the suffragan sees of Haimen, Shanghai, Suzhou, and Xuzhou. The archdiocese's motherchurch and thus seat of its archbishop is t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Catholic Archdiocese Of Beijing
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Beijing ( la, Archidioecesis Pechimensis) is a Metropolitan Latin archdiocese in the People's Republic of China. Special churches Its cathedral is the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (South Church) located in the city of Beijing, which replaces the former cathedral, now the '' Holy Saviour Church (North Church)'', also in former Peking. History * Established in 1307 as Archdiocese of Khanbaliq under John of Montecorvino by Pope Clement V. See Catholic Church in China#Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). * Lost territory twice: in 1313 to establish the Roman Catholic Diocese of Citong 刺桐 and in 1320 to establish the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ili-baluc. * 1375: Suppressed * Restored on April 10, 1690 as Diocese of Beijing, on territory split off from the Apostolic Vicariate of Nanjing * Lost territory repeatedly: on 1831.09.09 to establish the Apostolic Vicariate of Korea, in 1838 to establish the Apostolic Vicariate of Liaotung 遼東 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernardino Della Chiesa
Bernardino is a name of Italian, Hispanic, or Portuguese origin, which can refer to: Given name *Bernardino Baldi (1533–1617), Italian mathematician and writer *Bernardino Bertolotti (born 1547), Italian composer and instrumentalist *Bernardino Bilbao Rioja (1895–1983), Bolivian air force officer *Bernardino Blaceo ( fl. c. 1550), Italian painter of the Renaissance period * Bernardino Borlasca (1580–1631), Italian composer of the Renaissance era *Bernardino Butinone (a.k.a. Bernardo da Treviglio)c. 1436–c. 1508, Italian painter of the Renaissance *Bernardino Caballero (1839–1912), President of Paraguay 1881–1886 *Bernardino Cametti (1669–1736), Italian sculptor of the late Baroque period *Bernardino Campi (1522–1591), Italian Renaissance painter from Reggio Emilia *Bernardino Campilius ( fl. 1502), Italian painter *Bernardino Capitelli (1589–1639), Italian painter and etcher of the Baroque period *Bernardino Carboni (died after 1779), Italian decorator and wood ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Propaganda Fide
Propaganda is communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be selectively presenting facts to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded language to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information that is being presented. Propaganda can be found in news and journalism, government, advertising, entertainment, education, and activism and is often associated with material which is prepared by governments as part of war efforts, political campaigns, health campaigns, revolutionaries, big businesses, ultra-religious organizations, the media, and certain individuals such as soapboxers. In the 20th century, the English term ''propaganda'' was often associated with a manipulative approach, but historically, propaganda has been a neutral descriptive term of any material that promotes certain opinions or ideologies. Equivalent non-English terms have also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Catholic Diocese Of Macau
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Macau ( pt, 1=Diocese de Macau; ) is an exempt (i.e. an immediate subject of the Holy See and not part of any ecclesiastical province) Latin Rite diocese of the Catholic Church, in contrast with the Roman Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong, which is, ''de jure'', part of the Ecclesiastical Province of Guangdong. The territory of the Diocese of Macau encompasses Macau, a special administrative region of China. In theory, a part of Guangdong province also belongs to the diocese, but in practice, the diocese is limited to Macau. Its cathedral is the Cathedral of the Nativity of Our Lady. Its patron saints are Francis Xavier and Catherine of Siena, and its motto is ''Scientia et Virtus'' (Knowledge and Virtue). Stephen Lee Bun-sang is the current bishop and the third Chinese bishop of the diocese. History It was established on January 23, 1576, by the edict of Pope Gregory XIII, on vast territory split off from Roman Catholic Diocese of Malacca. It or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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