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Francis Willughby's Book Of Games
''Francis Willughby's Book of Games'' is a book published in 2003 that printed for the first time a transcription of a seventeenth-century manuscript written by Francis Willughby that was held in the library of the University of Nottingham. The modern edition was edited by Jeffrey L Forgeng, Dorothy Johnston, and David Cram, and was published by Ashgate Publishing Company with . The manuscript was left incomplete when Willughby died at the age of 36, but even in its unfinished state it provides an unrivalled insight into the sports and games of his period. Among the features of the book include descriptions of card games that are otherwise only known from reference in literature. It also includes the first formal study of children's board games to be written in a European language; investigation of the original manuscript has revealed that some of the descriptions of children's games were actually written by an unknown child, with later corrections being made by Willughby. Card ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis Willughby
Francis Willughby (sometimes spelt Willoughby, la, Franciscus Willughbeius) FRS (22 November 1635 – 3 July 1672) was an English ornithologist and ichthyologist, and an early student of linguistics and games. He was born and raised at Middleton Hall, Warwickshire, the only son of an affluent country family. He was a student at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was tutored by the mathematician and naturalist John Ray, who became a lifetime friend and colleague, and lived with Willughby after 1662 when Ray lost his livelihood through his refusal to sign the Act of Uniformity. Willughby was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1661, then aged 27. Willughby, Ray, and others such as John Wilkins were advocates of a new way of studying science, relying on observation and classification, rather than the received authority of Aristotle and the Bible. To this end, Willughby, Ray and their friends undertook a number of journeys to gather information and specimens, ini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bête
Bête, la Bête (french: Jeu de la Bête), Beste or la Beste (''Jeu de la Beste''), originally known as Homme or l'Homme (''Jeu de l'Homme''), was an old, French, trick-taking card game, usually for three to five players. It was a derivative of Triomphe created by introducing the concept of bidding. Its earlier name gives away its descent from the 16th-century Spanish game of Ombre. J > A > 10 > 9 > 8 > (7) > (6). Dealing Deal and play are anticlockwise. The first dealer is chosen by lot. The pack is placed face down and players take the top card in turn, the player drawing the first King or other nominated card dealing first. Five cards are dealt to each player either as 2+2+1, 2+3, 3+2 or 2+1+2. The mode of dealing is up to the first dealer and then stays the same for rest of the game. After dealing the talon is placed face down on the table and the dealer turns the top card for trumps, leaving it on top of the talon. Stakes An "upturned silver, tin or ceramic dish"Le Gras ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 Non-fiction Books
3 (three) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 2 and preceding 4, and is the smallest odd prime number and the only prime preceding a square number. It has religious or cultural significance in many societies. Evolution of the Arabic digit The use of three lines to denote the number 3 occurred in many writing systems, including some (like Roman and Chinese numerals) that are still in use. That was also the original representation of 3 in the Brahmic (Indian) numerical notation, its earliest forms aligned vertically. However, during the Gupta Empire the sign was modified by the addition of a curve on each line. The Nāgarī script rotated the lines clockwise, so they appeared horizontally, and ended each line with a short downward stroke on the right. In cursive script, the three strokes were eventually connected to form a glyph resembling a with an additional stroke at the bottom: ३. The Indian digits spread to the Caliphate in the 9th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Books About Board Games
A book is a medium for recording information in the form of writing or images, typically composed of many pages (made of papyrus, parchment, vellum, or paper) bound together and protected by a cover. The technical term for this physical arrangement is ''codex'' (plural, ''codices''). In the history of hand-held physical supports for extended written compositions or records, the codex replaces its predecessor, the scroll. A single sheet in a codex is a leaf and each side of a leaf is a page. As an intellectual object, a book is prototypically a composition of such great length that it takes a considerable investment of time to compose and still considered as an investment of time to read. In a restricted sense, a book is a self-sufficient section or part of a longer composition, a usage reflecting that, in antiquity, long works had to be written on several scrolls and each scroll had to be identified by the book it contained. Each part of Aristotle's ''Physics'' is called a bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Willughby, Francis
Francis Willughby (sometimes spelt Willoughby, la, Franciscus Willughbeius) FRS (22 November 1635 – 3 July 1672) was an English ornithologist and ichthyologist, and an early student of linguistics and games. He was born and raised at Middleton Hall, Warwickshire, the only son of an affluent country family. He was a student at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was tutored by the mathematician and naturalist John Ray, who became a lifetime friend and colleague, and lived with Willughby after 1662 when Ray lost his livelihood through his refusal to sign the Act of Uniformity. Willughby was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1661, then aged 27. Willughby, Ray, and others such as John Wilkins were advocates of a new way of studying science, relying on observation and classification, rather than the received authority of Aristotle and the Bible. To this end, Willughby, Ray and their friends undertook a number of journeys to gather information and specimens, ini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Back Gammon
Backgammon is a two-player board game played with counters and dice on tables boards. It is the most widespread Western member of the large family of tables games, whose ancestors date back nearly 5,000 years to the regions of Mesopotamia and Persia. The earliest record of backgammon itself dates to 17th-century England, being descended from the 16th-century game of Irish.Forgeng, Johnson and Cram (2003), p. 269. Backgammon is a two-player game of contrary movement in which each player has fifteen pieces, known traditionally as 'men' (short for 'tablemen') but increasingly known as 'checkers' in the US in recent decades. These pieces move along twenty-four 'points' according to the roll of two dice. The objective of the game is to move the fifteen pieces around the board and be first to ''bear off'', i.e., remove them from the board. The achievement of this while the opponent is still a long way behind results in a triple win known as a ''backgammon'', hence the name of the gam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irish (game)
Irish or the Irish Game was an Anglo-Scottish tables game for two players that was popular from the 16th to the mid-18th centuries before being superseded by its derivative, the "faster paced" backgammon. In its day, Irish was "esteemed among the best games at Tables." Its name notwithstanding, Irish was one of the most international forms of tables games, the equivalent of French ''toutes tables'', Italian ''tavole reale'' and Spanish ''todas tablas'',Forgeng, Johnson and Cram (2003), p. 269. the latter name first being used in the 1283 '' El Libro de los Juegos'', a translation of Arabic manuscripts by the Toledo School of Translators. The name may have been coined to distinguish it from the English Game which was older. There is no evidence that it was particularly linked with Ireland, although it was played there too. History ''Irish gamyne'' is mentioned as early as 1507 being played by the Scottish king, James IV, and was a game at which he was apparently a "great hand". I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ticktack
Ticktack or Tick-Tack, is an historical English tables game for two players using a board similar to that used today for Backgammon and other tables games. Like its much more elaborate French counterpart, Trictrac, it has the unusual feature that there are several different ways in which it can be won, including ''Toots'' and ''Rovers''. History Ticktack is mentioned as early as 1586 as a game played by English country gentlemen in inclement weather along with three other games of the tables family: Lurch, Irish and Doublets. The earliest and only comprehensive set of rules appeared in 1672 by Willughby.Willughby (1666–1672), pp. 116 ff. However, Cotton gives an overview in ''The Compleat Gamester'' of 1674, an account which was reprinted until 1754, after which the game faded from view, being reported in Halliwell-Phillips (1881) as archaic.Halliwell-Philipps (1881), p. 873. Name Willughby says that the name Ticktack came from the rule that if a man is touched, it must be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dublets
Doublets or queen's game is an historical English tables game for two people which was popular in the 17th and 18th centuries. Although played on a board similar to that now used for backgammon, it is a simple game of hazard bearing little resemblance to backgammon. Very similar games were played in mainland Europe, the earliest recorded dating to the 14th century. History Doublets may be an elaboration of the Spanish game of ''doblet'' which is described in detail in 1283 in '' El Libro de los Juegos'' published by Alfonso X of Castile.Alfonso X (1283). In 1534, a game called ''renette'' or ''reynette'' ("little queen")Fiske (1905), p. 286. appears in the list of games in Gargantua published by Rabelais. According to Cotgrave's French Dictionary of 1611, ''renette'' is "a game of tables of some resemblance with our Doublets or Queenes Game..."Cotgrave (1611). Entry for ''renette''. The name "queen's game" is recorded as early as 1554Cram, Forgeng and Johnson (2003), pp. 256 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tables Games
Tables games are a class of board game that includes backgammon and which are played on a tables board, typically with two rows of 12 vertical markings called points. Players roll dice to determine the movement of pieces. Tables games are among the oldest known board games, and many different varieties are played throughout the world. They are called 'tables' games because the boards consist of four quadrants or 'tables'. The vast majority are race games, the tables board representing a linear race track with start and finish points, the aim being to be first to the finish line, but the characteristic features that distinguish tables games from other race games are that they are two-player games using a large number of pieces, usually fifteen per player. Tables games should not be confused with table games which are casino gambling games like roulette or blackjack. Name The word 'tables' is derived from the Latin ''tabula'' which primarily meant 'board' or 'plank', but also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Put (card Game)
Put, occasionally Putt, is an English tavern game first recorded in the 16th century and later castigated by 17th century moralists as one of ill repute.Parlett (1995), pp. 27–28. It belongs to a very ancient family of trick-taking card games and bears close similarities a group known as ''Truc, Trut,'' ''Truque'', also ''Tru'', and the South American game Truco. Its more elaborate cousin is the Catelan and Spanish game of Truc, which is still much played in many parts of Southern France and Spain. Etymology The name Put, pronounced "uh" like the "u" in the English village of Putney, derives from "putting up your cards in case", if you do not like them, or from "putting each other to the shift". Cotton spells it Putt. History Put is mentioned as early as 1662 where the opening line of a poem, ''The Riddle'', says "S-hall's have a Game at Put, to pass away the time..." It appears in a compendium of poems and songs from the period 1639–1661. The rules of Put are recorded as e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loosing Lodum
Losing Lodam is an historical English card game for three or more players. It is a 'negative' game like Hearts whereby the aim is to avoid taking tricks with certain cards known as ''loaders''. Names The game is variously called Lodam, Loadam, Losing Lodam, Losing Lodum, Loosing-Lodam, Loosing Loadem, Losing Loadum or At Losing, Load Him. History The earliest English record dates to 1591 where the game is referred to as "Lodam", but the only description appears in Francis Willughby's 1665 book, ''A Volume of Plaies''. It may be the game listed by Rabelais as ''coquinbert qui gaigne perd'' in 1534, although ''Conquinbert'' is later equated to Reversis, another negative game. It is an early example of a game using a form of the Ace-Ten scoring system, albeit in a negative way, and the only English Ace-Ten game. Rules The following rules are based on Willughby: Cards A standard 52-card pack is used with Aces ranking high. The aim is to avoid taking tricks with certain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
