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Fractal Compression
Fractal compression is a lossy compression method for digital images, based on fractals. The method is best suited for textures and natural images, relying on the fact that parts of an image often resemble other parts of the same image. Fractal algorithms convert these parts into mathematical data called "fractal codes" which are used to recreate the encoded image. Iterated function systems Fractal image representation may be described mathematically as an iterated function system (IFS). For binary images We begin with the representation of a binary image, where the image may be thought of as a subset of \mathbb^2. An IFS is a set of contraction mappings ''ƒ''1,...,''ƒN'', :f_i:\mathbb^2\to \mathbb^2. According to these mapping functions, the IFS describes a two-dimensional set ''S'' as the fixed point of the Hutchinson operator :H(A)=\bigcup_^N f_i(A), \quad A \subset \mathbb^2. That is, ''H'' is an operator mapping sets to sets, and ''S'' is the unique set satisfying ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zasada Dzialania Ifs 1
Zasada ( sr-cyrl, Засада) is a village in the municipality of Bileća, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ....Official results from the book: Ethnic composition of Bosnia-Herzegovina population, by municipalities and settlements, 1991. census, Zavod za statistiku Bosne i Hercegovine - Bilten no.234, Sarajevo 1991. References Villages in Republika Srpska Populated places in Bileća {{Bileća-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Motion Estimation
Motion estimation is the process of determining ''motion vectors'' that describe the transformation from one 2D image to another; usually from adjacent frames in a video sequence. It is an ill-posed problem as the motion is in three dimensions but the images are a projection of the 3D scene onto a 2D plane. The motion vectors may relate to the whole image (global motion estimation) or specific parts, such as rectangular blocks, arbitrary shaped patches or even per pixel. The motion vectors may be represented by a translational model or many other models that can approximate the motion of a real video camera, such as rotation and translation in all three dimensions and zoom. Related terms More often than not, the term motion estimation and the term ''optical flow'' are used interchangeably. It is also related in concept to ''image registration'' and '' stereo correspondence''. In fact all of these terms refer to the process of finding corresponding points between two images or vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genuine Fractals
Genuine Fractals is a Photoshop plug-in developed and distributed by onOne Software of Portland, Oregon. The original Windows version of Genuine Fractals was designed and developed by Altamira Group in Burbank, California under team leader Steven Bender in 1996. In 1997, Altamira released the Robert McNally-developed Version 2.0 on the Macintosh Platform and the redesigned Windows Version 2.0 product. The Genuine Fractals products were acquired by LizardTech in June 2001, before ultimately being acquired by onOne Software in July 2005. As of version 7.0, the product was called Perfect Resize, and as of version 10, ON1 Resize. There are two main features in the Genuine Fractals plug-in. First is a feature to save image files in either FIF (Fractal Image Format) or its proprietary STN multi-resolution wavelet format. This format offers file compression ratios around 2:1 for lossless and 5:1 for visually lossless. The second main feature of Genuine Fractals is a scaling algorithm bas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fractal Transform
The fractal transform is a technique invented by Michael Barnsley ''et al.'' to perform lossy image compression. This first practical fractal compression system for digital images resembles a vector quantization system using the image itself as the codebook. Fractal transform compression Start with a digital image A1. Downsample it by a factor of 2 to produce image A2. Now, for each block B1 of 4x4 pixels in A1, find the corresponding block B2 in A2 most similar to B1, and then find the grayscale or RGB offset and gain from A2 to B2. For each destination block, output the positions of the source blocks and the color offsets and gains. Fractal transform decompression Starting with an empty destination image A1, repeat the following algorithm several times: Downsample A1 down by a factor of 2 to produce image A2. Then copy blocks from A2 to A1 as directed by the compressed data, multiplying by the respective gains and adding the respective color offsets. This algorithm is guara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patent
A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an enabling disclosure of the invention."A patent is not the grant of a right to make or use or sell. It does not, directly or indirectly, imply any such right. It grants only the right to exclude others. The supposition that a right to make is created by the patent grant is obviously inconsistent with the established distinctions between generic and specific patents, and with the well-known fact that a very considerable portion of the patents granted are in a field covered by a former relatively generic or basic patent, are tributary to such earlier patent, and cannot be practiced unless by license thereunder." – ''Herman v. Youngstown Car Mfg. Co.'', 191 F. 579, 584–85, 112 CCA 185 (6th Cir. 1911) In most countries, patent rights fall under private law and the patent holder mus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Barnsley
Michael Fielding Barnsley (born 1946) is a British mathematician, researcher and an entrepreneur who has worked on fractal compression; he holds several patents on the technology. He received his Ph.D. in theoretical chemistry from University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1972 and BA in mathematics from Oxford in 1968. In 1987 he founded Iterated Systems Incorporated, and in 1988 he published a book entitled ''Fractals Everywhere'' and in 2006 ''SuperFractals''. He has also published these scientific papers: "Existence and Uniqueness of Orbital Measures", "Theory and Applications of Fractal Tops", "A Fractal Valued Random Iteration Algorithm and Fractal Hierarchy", "V-variable fractals and superfractals", "Fractal Transformations" and "Ergodic Theory, Fractal Tops and Colour Stealing". He is also credited for discovering the collage theorem. Iterated Systems was initially devoted to fractal image compression (epitomised by the Barnsley fern), and later focused on image archive manag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bicubic Interpolation
In mathematics, bicubic interpolation is an extension of cubic interpolation (not to be confused with cubic spline interpolation, a method of applying cubic interpolation to a data set) for interpolating data points on a two-dimensional regular grid. The interpolated surface (meaning the kernel shape, not the image) is smoother than corresponding surfaces obtained by bilinear interpolation or nearest-neighbor interpolation. Bicubic interpolation can be accomplished using either Lagrange polynomials, cubic splines, or cubic convolution algorithm. In image processing, bicubic interpolation is often chosen over bilinear or nearest-neighbor interpolation in image resampling, when speed is not an issue. In contrast to bilinear interpolation, which only takes 4 pixels (2×2) into account, bicubic interpolation considers 16 pixels (4×4). Images resampled with bicubic interpolation can have different interpolation artifacts, depending on the b and c values chosen. Computation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bilinear Interpolation
In mathematics, bilinear interpolation is a method for interpolating functions of two variables (e.g., ''x'' and ''y'') using repeated linear interpolation. It is usually applied to functions sampled on a 2D rectilinear grid, though it can be generalized to functions defined on the vertices of (a mesh of) arbitrary convex quadrilaterals. Bilinear interpolation is performed using linear interpolation first in one direction, and then again in the other direction. Although each step is linear in the sampled values and in the position, the interpolation as a whole is not linear but rather quadratic in the sample location. Bilinear interpolation is one of the basic resampling techniques in computer vision and image processing, where it is also called bilinear filtering or bilinear texture mapping. Computation Suppose that we want to find the value of the unknown function ''f'' at the point (''x'', ''y''). It is assumed that we know the value of ''f'' at the four points ''Q''11 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interpolant
In the mathematical field of numerical analysis, interpolation is a type of estimation, a method of constructing (finding) new data points based on the range of a discrete set of known data points. In engineering and science, one often has a number of data points, obtained by sampling or experimentation, which represent the values of a function for a limited number of values of the independent variable. It is often required to interpolate; that is, estimate the value of that function for an intermediate value of the independent variable. A closely related problem is the approximation of a complicated function by a simple function. Suppose the formula for some given function is known, but too complicated to evaluate efficiently. A few data points from the original function can be interpolated to produce a simpler function which is still fairly close to the original. The resulting gain in simplicity may outweigh the loss from interpolation error and give better performance in ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JPEG
JPEG ( ) is a commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images, particularly for those images produced by digital photography. The degree of compression can be adjusted, allowing a selectable tradeoff between storage size and image quality. JPEG typically achieves 10:1 compression with little perceptible loss in image quality. Since its introduction in 1992, JPEG has been the most widely used image compression standard in the world, and the most widely used digital image format, with several billion JPEG images produced every day as of 2015. The term "JPEG" is an acronym for the Joint Photographic Experts Group, which created the standard in 1992. JPEG was largely responsible for the proliferation of digital images and digital photos across the Internet, and later social media. JPEG compression is used in a number of image file formats. JPEG/Exif is the most common image format used by digital cameras and other photographic image capture devices; along with JPEG ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
