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Fortified Sector Of The Dauphiné
The Fortified Sector of the Dauphiné (''Secteur Fortifié du Dauphiné'') was the French military organization that in 1940 controlled the section of the Alpine Line portion of the Maginot Line facing Italy in the vicinity of Briançon. By comparison with the integrated defenses of the main Maginot Line, or even of the Fortified Sector of the Maritime Alps to the south, the Dauphiné sector consisted of a series of distinct territories that covered two main invasion routes into France: the route from Turin over the Col de Montgenèvre to Briançon and Grenoble, and the route from Coni over the Col de Larche to Barcelonette and Gap. The sector was the scene of probing attacks by Italian forces during the Italian invasion of France in 1940, in which the French defenses successfully resisted Italian advances until the June 1940 armistice that granted Italy access to southeastern France. The sector was extensively subdivided into informal districts, sub-sectors and quarters or ''qu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alpine Line
The Alpine Line (french: Ligne Alpine) or Little Maginot Line (French: ''Petite Ligne Maginot'') was the component of the Maginot Line that defended the southeastern portion of France. In contrast to the main line in the northeastern portion of France, the Alpine Line traversed a mountainous region of the Maritime Alps, the Cottian Alps and the Graian Alps, with relatively few passes suitable for invading armies. Access was difficult for construction and for the Alpine Line garrisons. Consequently, fortifications were smaller in scale than the fortifications of the main Line. The Alpine Line mounted few anti-tank weapons, since the terrain was mostly unsuitable for the use of tanks. Ouvrage Rimplas was the first Maginot fortification to be completed on any portion of the Maginot Line, in 1928. The Alpine Line was unsuccessfully attacked by Italian forces during the Italian invasion of France in 1940. Following World War II, some of the larger positions of the Alpine Line were retai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fort De Tournoux
The Fort de Tournoux is a fortification complex in the Ubaye Valley in the French Alps. It was built between 1843 and the early 20th century to defend France against invasion from Italy and Savoy. It was described as the "Military Versailles of the 19th century," resembling a Tibetan monastery on the mountainside above the Ubaye. The fort is actually an ensemble of fortifications, including some "batteries" that rival the main fort in size and power. Prehistory Earliest records show that the position of the village of Tournoux was a strategically important one, with the tiny plateau offering food and watering facilities to armies crossing the Col de Larche from modern day Italy and the Col de Vars. There is evidence of Roman occupation of the plateau. Of later times little survives, but there are the traces of a 7th-century fortified church in the valley. Between the 7th century and the 17th century, the upper Ubaye Valley changed hands between states about 17 times â ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fort Du Randouillet
The Fort du Randouillet, is a fortification in the vicinity of Briançon in the Dauphiné region of southeastern France. Briançon was surveyed by Vauban in 1692. His master plan for the defenses of the city would result in one of the most heavily fortified locales in France over the next forty years. Constructed to Vauban's plan between 1724 and 1734, the site was chosen to protect the lower Fort des Têtes from an enemy on the heights. The position was used by the French Army in the defense of Briançon until 1940, when it was part of the Fortified Sector of the Dauphiné. The fort is composed of an armed citadel or donjon on the highest point, and a caserne on a lower shelf The Fort du Randouillet is linked to the Fort des Têtes by an enclosed, fortified gallery known as ''"Communication Y."'' A military aerial tram links the fort to the town, and another continued on to the Fort de l'Infernet. The Fort du Randouillet, along with the Fort des Têtes and other military works of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mount Chenaillet
The Mount Chenaillet (in French ''Mont Chenaillet'' or ''Le Chenaillet'') is a 2,650 metres high mountain of the Cottian Alps, located on the Main chain of the Alps South of the Col de Montgenèvre. Geography Administratively the mountain belongs to the French department of Hautes-Alpes close to the French-Italian border. On its summit the Susa Valley (tributary of the river Po) meets the valleys of the Durance (tributary of the Rhone) and of the Cerveyrette, the latter tributary of the Durance. The Main chain of the Alps connects northwards the Chenaillet to the Col de Montgenèvre, while towards NE it goes with the Monte Gimont. From the Chenaillet branches out from the main ridge a secondary chain dividing the valley of the Durance from the Cerveyrette one, which continues with the Sommet des Anges and the Sommet Château Jouan. Both the Durance and the Piccola Dora (an upper branch of Dora Riparia) have their sources on the slopes of the Chenaillet. Geology The Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ouvrage Janus
Ouvrage Janus is a work (''gros ouvrage'') of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line, located to the east of Briançon on near the Col de Montgenèvre. The ouvrage consists of one entry block, two infantry blocks, two artillery blocks, two observation blocks and one combination block at an altitude of , the second highest fortification on the Alps in 1940. Built on the site of the old Fort Janus, it retained the old fort's 95mm naval guns and added two 75mm guns Kaufmann 2006, p. 177 Fort du Janus The location was known from the end of the 18th century as the Château Jouan, occupied by a Vauban-era round tower. In 1883 a Séré de Rivières system fortification was begun on the massif, called the Fort du Janus. Work continued until 1889 with a blockhouse in top of the position and a rock-cut battery in the face of the mountain, which housed four 95mm naval guns. In 1891-92 the blockhouse was expanded to two levels for a barracks, and from 1898 to 1906 a subterr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fort De L'Olive
The Fort de l'Olive is a fortification in the vicinity of Briançon in the Dauphiné region of southeastern France. Built in 1881 it was originally called the ''Ouvrage du Bois des Gasquets'', it was the third and final fort built near Briançon as part of the Séré de Rivières system of fortifications in the 1870s and 1880s. Location Located at an altitude of , the Fort de l'Olive overlooked the valley of the Clarée above the village of Plampinet from a height of with a view of the Italian frontier. It specifically controlled the Col de l'Echelle, the Col des Thures and the Col des Acles. The rectangular walled fort extends over an area of about . History The Fort de l'Olive was armed in the 1880s with fourteen 120mm guns. It was initially linked to the Fort de l'Infernet by optical telegraph, and later by telephone. A cableway provided a means of resupply from the valley below, particularly in the winter when road access was difficult. The Batterie du Lenlon was a subs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ouvrage Col Du Granon
Ouvrage Col du Granon is a lesser work (''petit ouvrage'') of the Maginot Line's Alpine extension, the Alpine Line. The ouvrage consists of one entry block, one infantry block and one observation block covering the Col du Granon as part of the defenses of Briançon and Grenoble. The ''ouvrage'' lies at an altitude of . Description :''See Fortified Sector of the Dauphiné for a broader discussion of the Dauphiné sector of the Alpine Line.'' *Block 1 (entry): two machine gun embrasures. *Block 2 (unbuilt): one MOM block for a Hotchkiss machine gun. *Block 3 (infantry): one machine gun cloche, one light and one heavy twin machine gun embrasure. *Block 4 (infantry): one machine gun/observation cloche. *Annex: a small flanking position, unique in the Maginot Line, with one twin Reibel machine gun emplacement. See also * List of Alpine Line ouvrages This is the list of all ''ouvrages'' of the Alpine Line or Little Maginot Line along the Franco-Italian border, organized by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Étienne Paul Beynet
Étienne, a French analog of Stephen or Steven, is a masculine given name. An archaic variant of the name, prevalent up to the mid-17th century, is Estienne. Étienne, Etienne, Ettiene or Ettienne may refer to: People Scientists and inventors *Étienne Bézout (1730–1783), French mathematician *Étienne Louis Geoffroy (1725–1810), French entomologist and pharmacist *Étienne Laspeyres (1834–1913), German professor of economics and statistics *Étienne Lenoir (1822–1900), Belgian engineer who invented the first internal combustion engine to be produced in numbers *Étienne Lenoir (instrument maker) (1744–1832), French scientific instrument maker and inventor of the repeating circle surveying instrument *Étienne Mulsant (1797–1880), French entomologist and ornithologist *Étienne Pascal (1588–1651), French lawyer, scientist and mathematician best known as the father of Blaise Pascal *Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1772–1844), French naturalist *Étienne Pierre Ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
René Olry
René-Henri Olry CLH (28 June 1880 – 3 January 1944) was a French general and commander of the Army of the Alps (french: l'Armée des Alpes) during the Battle of France of World War II. Biography Early life Olry was born on 28 June 1880 in Lille in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France. The son of Albert Olry, himself a '' polytechnicien'', Olry was admitted to the École Polytechnique in 1900. Upon graduating, he joined the 21st Artillery Regiment and was appointed the rank of lieutenant on 10 October 1904. Military career During the First World War, Olry served in the Second Army at the Battle of Verdun under the command of then-general Philippe Pétain. He left for Italy in 1917 as part of the French expeditionary force and participated in combat near the Piave River, and in 1918 assumed command of the 283rd Artillery Regiment. His conduct during the war earned him five citations. Olry became secretary of the Supreme Council of National Defense (french: Conseil sup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valence, Drôme
Valence (, ; oc, Valença ) is a commune in southeastern France, the prefecture of the Drôme department and within the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It is situated on the left bank of the Rhône, about south of Lyon, along the railway line that runs from Paris to Marseille. It is the eighth-largest city in the region by its population and has 64,726 registered inhabitants in 2018 (132,556 inhabitants in the urban area (''unité urbaine''). The city is divided into four cantons. Its inhabitants are called ''Valentinois''. Located in the heart of the Rhone corridor, Valence is often referred to as "the door to the South of France", the local saying ''à Valence le Midi commence'' ("at Valence the Midi begins") pays tribute to the city's southern culture. Between Vercors and Provence, its geographical location attracts many tourists. Axes of transport and communications are the A7 and A49 autoroutes, the RN7, Paris/Marseille TGV line, as well as the Rhône. In addition, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Army Of The Alps
The Army of the Alps (''Armée des Alpes'') was one of the French Revolutionary armies. It existed from 1792–1797 and from July to August 1799, and the name was also used on and off until 1939 for France's army on its border with Italy. 1792–1797 The Army of the Alps was created by a decree of the French Convention on 1 October 1792 which divided the Army of the Midi into the Army of the Alps and the Army of the Pyrenees. On 1 November 1793 it was itself divided into the Army of Savoy and the Army of Italy by a ''conseil exécutif'' decree. Following the decrees of 27–29 November 1793 which brought Savoy into the First French Republic under the name of Mont-Blanc department the Army of Savoy was renamed the Army of the Alps, before having the Army before Lyon split off from it between 8 August and 29 October 1793. The Army of the Alps was suppressed by a decree of 21 August 1797 (21 Fructidor year V), put into effect on 13 September, with its men and theatre transferred ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
