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Fortified Sector Of Montmédy
The Fortified Sector of Montmédy (''Secteur Fortifié de Montmédy'') was the French military organisation that in 1940 controlled the section of the Maginot Line between Sedan and Longuyon, a distance of about . The sector was not as strongly defended as other sections of the Maginot Line, facing the southern Ardennes region of Belgium. Large portions of the Montmédy sector were defended by fortified houses, blockhouses or casemates. The sector includes only four ''ouvrages'' of the type found in stronger sections of the Line. The weakly defended area in front of Sedan was the scene of a major breakthrough by German forces in the opening of the Battle of France. This was followed by a German assault on the Maginot Ouvrage La Ferté, which killed the entire garrison, the only such event on the Maginot Line. Concept and organisation The sector was created in 1940 as part of the reorganisation of the Meuse Front, which was combined with the Maginot Montmédy Bridgehead ('' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3rd North African Infantry Division
The 3rd North African Infantry Division was a French Army formation during World War II. History During the Battle of France in May 1940 the division was made up of the following units: *12th Zouaves Regiment *14th Algerian Tirailleurs Regiment *15th Algerian Tirailleurs Regiment *93rd Reconnaissance Battalion *20th Colonial Artillery Regiments *220th Colonial Artillery Regiment. It was an active division which existed between 1936 and 1940. The Tirailleurs Regiments were made up of native troops from Algeria. The Zouaves Regiment was made up from European settlers in North Africa and some recruited from France. Commanders * 1936 - 1939 : General Théodore Marcel Sciard * 1939 : General Pierre François Joseph Tarrit * 1939 : General Édouard Charles François Chapouilly * 1940 : General Charles Mast Emmanuel Charles Mast (7 January 1889 – 30 September 1977) was a major general who participated in the liberation of North Africa in 1942 and was Resident General o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cold War
The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two superpowers, but they each supported major regional conflicts known as proxy wars. The conflict was based around the ideological and geopolitical struggle for global influence by these two superpowers, following their temporary alliance and victory against Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan in 1945. Aside from the nuclear arsenal development and conventional military deployment, the struggle for dominance was expressed via indirect means such as psychological warfare, propaganda campaigns, espionage, far-reaching embargoes, rivalry at sports events, and technological competitions such as the Space Race. The Western Bloc was led by the United States as well as a number of other First W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ouvrage Ferme Chappy
Ouvrage Ferme Chappy is a ''petit ouvrage'' of the Maginot Line in northeastern France. It is located at the western end of the Fortified Sector of the Crusnes near Longuyon in the Meurthe-et-Moselle ''département'', facing Belgium. The ''gros ouvrage'' Fermont borders Ferme Chappy's artillery coverage to the east. A wide gap existed to the west in the direction of Longuyon, covered only by blockhouses and natural obstacles such as rivers. Ferme Chappy was assaulted by German forces during the Battle of France in June 1940, fending off the attack with artillery support from Fermont. Chappy surrendered with its neighbors on 27 June. It was abandoned after the war and is now private property. Design and construction Ferme Chappy was approved for construction in April 1932. It was completed at a cost of 11 million francs.Mary, Tome 1, p. 52 The ''ouvrage'' was named for the adjoining farm whose buildings sit nearly on top of the underground barracks and entry.Mary, Tome 3, p. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Carbon monoxide poisoning typically occurs from breathing in carbon monoxide (CO) at excessive levels. Symptoms are often described as "flu-like" and commonly include headache, dizziness, weakness, vomiting, chest pain, and confusion. Large exposures can result in loss of consciousness, arrhythmias, seizures, or death. The classically described "cherry red skin" rarely occurs. Long-term complications may include chronic fatigue, trouble with memory, and movement problems. CO is a colorless and odorless gas which is initially non-irritating. It is produced during incomplete burning of organic matter. This can occur from motor vehicles, heaters, or cooking equipment that run on carbon-based fuels. Carbon monoxide primarily causes adverse effects by combining with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) preventing the blood from carrying oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide as carbaminohemoglobin. Additionally, many other hemoproteins such as myoglobin, Cytochrome P450, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
71st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
The 71st Infantry Division ''Kleeblatt'' ("Cloverleaf Division", "Lucky One") (german: 71. Infanterie-Division) was an infantry division of the German Army, raised in 26 August 1939, shortly before the outbreak of World War II, as a division of the 2nd wave of deployment by Infantry Commander 19 (''Infanterie-Kommandeur 19'') in Hildesheim. It fought in Verdun, Stalingrad and Monte Cassino, among others. The division's symbol was the four-leaf clover and after congratulations on the victory in Verdun in June 1940, the division was henceforth called the "lucky one". The same action also earning Generalleutnant Karl Weisenberger the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 29 June 1940 by Generalfeldmarschall Ernst Busch. Divisional history In the divisional history of the 71st Infantry Division, a distinction is made between the line-up and personnel composition up to the Battle of Stalingrad as a caesura on the one hand, and the complete new line-up after the annihilation in 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
10th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)
The 10th Panzer Division ( en, 10th Tank Division) was an armoured division in the German Army (1935–1945), German Army, the ''Heer'', during World War II, established in March 1939. The 10th Panzer Division was formed in Prague in March 1939, and served in the Army Group North reserve during the invasion of Poland of the same year. The division participated in the Battle of France in 1940, including the Siege of Calais (1940), Siege of Calais, and in Operation Barbarossa attached to Army Group Center in 1941. After taking heavy casualties on the Eastern Front (WWII), Eastern Front it was sent back to France for rehabilitation and to serve as a strategic reserve against potential Allies of World War II, Allied invasion. The division was rushed to Tunisia after Operation Operation Torch, ''Torch'' (1942) and spent six months in that theatre, where it engaged both British and American forces. It caused severe losses to the "green" United States Army, US Army in some of their fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2nd Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)
The 2nd Panzer Division ( en, 2nd Tank Division) was an armoured division in the German Army, the Heer, during World War II. Created as one of the original three German tank divisions in 1935, it was stationed in Austria after the Anschluss and then participated in the campaigns in Poland (1939) and France (1940) before it returned to Poland for occupation duties (1940–1941). It took part in the Balkans campaign (1941) and then transferred to the Eastern Front in September 1941. The division fought with Army Group Centre in the battles of Moscow (1941) and Kursk (1943). After heavy losses on the Eastern Front it was sent to France for rehabilitation (1944). It fought in Normandy and was almost completely destroyed in the Falaise Pocket (1944). It was rebuilt once more and fought in the Battle of the Bulge (1944) and in the defence of the Rhine (1945), surrendering to US forces at war's end. History Formation The 2nd Panzer Division was formed on 15 October 1935 and was hea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1st Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)
The 1st Panzer-Division (short: 1. Pz.Div. german: 1. Panzer-Division, en, 1st Tank Division) was an armoured division in the German Army during World War II. The division was one of the original three tank divisions established by Germany in 1935. It took part in pre-war occupations of Austria and Czechoslovakia and the invasions of Poland in 1939 and Belgium and France in 1940. From 1941 to 1945, it fought on the Eastern Front, except for a period in 1943 when it was sent for refitting to France and Greece. At the end of the war, the division surrendered to US forces in Bavaria. History The 1st Panzer Division was formed on 15 October 1935 from the 3rd Cavalry Division, and was headquartered in Weimar. It was one of three tank divisions created at the time, the other two being the 2nd and 3rd Panzer Division. Earlier in the year, Germany had renounced the Treaty of Versailles, which had forbidden the country, among other things, from having tank forces, a treaty Germany h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cloche Gfm2
Cloche (French for "bell") or la cloche (French for "the bell") may refer to: * Armoured cloche, bell-shaped turrets of the Maginot Line * ''Battement en cloche'', a classical ballet movement * Bell (instrument), especially in music directions * Cloche (agriculture), a covering for protecting plants from cold temperatures * Cloche (tableware), a silver dish cover * Cloche hat, a close-fitting women's hat * Cloche Leythal Pastalia, a character in videogame ''Ar tonelico II: Melody of Metafalica'' People * Antonin Cloche (died 1720), Master of the Order of Preachers from 1686 to 1720 * James de la Cloche (1644?–1669?), an alleged would-be-illegitimate son of Charles II of England * Maurice Cloche (1907–1990), French film director and producer * Robert Cloche de La Malmaison (died 1717), French governor of Guadeloupe Places * La Cloche Mountains, also called La Cloche Range, mountain range in Northern Ontario, Canada * La Cloche Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada * For ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ouvrage Thonnelle
Ouvrage Thonnelle is a ''petit ouvrage'' of the Maginot Line, located in the Fortified Sector of Montmédy between the towns of Thonnelle and Verneuil-Petit, facing Belgium. It possesses four combat blocks. It is located between ''gros ouvrages'' Vélosnes and Chesnois. The position was sabotaged and abandoned by French forces that were ordered to retreat from the exposed position in June 1940 during the Battle of France. The ''ouvrage'' is abandoned. Design and construction The site was approved in 1934. Work by the contractor GTBA began in 1935 at a cost of 23.7 million francs. A planned second phase was to add one artillery block and support facilities, while a third phase was to add three artillery blocks, making Thonnelle a ''gros ouvrage''. The rise in tensions between France and Germany in the late 1930s prevented the second and third phases from being pursued. Thonnelle is one of four positions in the so-called ''Tête du Pont de Montmédy'', a salient in the Fren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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