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For The Liberation Of Brazil
''For the Liberation of Brazil'' is a Marxist tract on guerrilla warfare written by Carlos Marighella. First published in France as ''Carlos Marighela: Pour la Libération du Brésil'' presented by Conrad Detrez, Editions du Seuil, 1970. In March 1970 the '' Journal Official'' announced that the sale and distribution of the book throughout French territory would be forbidden. It was then published in English by Penguin Books in 1971 as part of their "Pelican Latin American Library" series and with more material than the French version. This edition was translated by John Butt and Rosemary Sheed with an introduction by Richard Gott (pp. 7–15). The first part of the book provides a timeline of events that includes actions taken by the Revolutionary Movement 8th October. # "Marighela Calls on the People to Join the Struggle" (Sept 1969) # "Declaration by the ALN October Revolutionary Group" (Sept 1969) # "Greetings to the Fifteen Patriots" # "On the Organizational Func ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marxist
Marxism is a Left-wing politics, left-wing to Far-left politics, far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a Materialism, materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand Social class, class relations and social conflict and a dialectical perspective to view social transformation. It originates from the works of 19th-century German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. As Marxism has developed over time into various branches and schools of thought, no single, definitive Marxist philosophy, Marxist theory exists. In addition to the schools of thought which emphasize or modify elements of classical Marxism, various Marxian concepts have been incorporated and adapted into a diverse array of Social theory, social theories leading to widely varying conclusions. Alongside Marx's critique of political economy, the defining characteristics of Marxism have often been described using the terms dialectical mater ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Gott
Richard Willoughby Gott (born 28 October 1938),Winchester College: A Register. Edited by P.S.W.K. McClure and R.P. Stevens, on behalf of the Wardens and Fellows of Winchester College. 7th edition, 2014. pp. 271 (Short Half 1952 list heading) & 275 (entry for Richard Gott). Published by Winchester College, Hampshire. is a British journalist and historian. A former Latin America correspondent and features editor for the British newspaper ''The Guardian'', he is known for his radical politics and a connection to Che Guevara. He resigned from ''The Guardian'' in 1994 after claims that he had been a Soviet "agent of influence", a tag Gott denied. Early life Gott was born in Aston Tirrold in the Berkshire Downs in South East England, and is the son of Constance Mary Moon and Arthur Francis Evelyn Gott. Education From the years 1952 ('Short Half') to 1957, Gott was educated at Winchester College, a 14th-century independent school for boys in Winchester, Hampshire, where he boarded at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Communist Party
The Brazilian Communist Party ( pt-BR, Partido Comunista Brasileiro), originally the Communist Party of Brazil (), is a communist party in Brazil founded on 25 March 1922 which makes the disputed claim of being the oldest political party still active in the nation. It played an important role in the country's 20th-century history despite the relatively small number of members. A factional dispute led to the formation of PCdoB (Communist Party of Brazil) in the 1960s, though both communist parties were united in opposition to the Brazilian military government that ruled from 1964 to 1985. But with the fall of the Soviet Union and the collapse of communism circa 1990, the party lost power and international support. An internal coup in 1992 divided the party and formed a new party, called Popular Socialist Party, using the former identification number of the PCB, 23. That party has since moved towards the centre and now goes by the name Cidadania. The youth organization of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
São Paulo
São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for 'Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the GaWC as an alpha global city, São Paulo is the most populous city proper in the Americas, the Western Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere, as well as the world's 4th largest city proper by population. Additionally, São Paulo is the largest Portuguese-speaking city in the world. It exerts strong international influences in commerce, finance, arts and entertainment. The city's name honors the Apostle, Saint Paul of Tarsus. The city's metropolitan area, the Greater São Paulo, ranks as the most populous in Brazil and the 12th most populous on Earth. The process of conurbation between the metropolitan areas around the Greater São Paulo (Campinas, Santos, Jundiaí, Sorocaba and São José dos Campos) created the São Paulo Macrometr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fidel Castro
Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (; ; 13 August 1926 – 25 November 2016) was a Cuban revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008, serving as the prime minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and president from 1976 to 2008. Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist and Cuban nationalist, he also served as the first secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from 1961 until 2011. Under his administration, Cuba became a one-party communist state; industry and business were nationalized, and state socialist reforms were implemented throughout society. Born in Birán, the son of a wealthy Spanish farmer, Castro adopted leftist and anti-imperialist ideas while studying law at the University of Havana. After participating in rebellions against right-wing governments in the Dominican Republic and Colombia, he planned the overthrow of Cuban President Fulgencio Batista, launching a failed attack on the Moncada Barracks in 1953. After a year's imprisonment, Castro travel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Elbrick
Charles Burke Elbrick (March 25, 1908 – April 12, 1983) was a United States diplomat and career foreign service officer. During his career, he served three ambassadorships: in Portugal, Yugoslavia and Brazil, in addition to numerous minor postings. Elbrick spoke Portuguese, Spanish, French and German, and was regarded as an expert on Iberia and Eastern Europe after World War II. Early life and education Elbrick was born in Louisville, Kentucky, the son of Charles Elbrick and his Irish wife Lillian Burke, and raised as a Roman Catholic. Transferring after a freshman year at the University of Notre Dame, he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Williams College in 1929, narrowly missing selection for a Rhodes Scholarship. He had aimed to begin a career in publishing in New York, but the Wall Street Crash of 1929 persuaded him to work instead for the US Government. He therefore studied languages to prepare for a career with the United States Department of State. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ação Libertadora Nacional
The National Liberation Action (''Ação Libertadora Nacional'', ALN) was a Marxism-Leninism, Marxist-Leninist Urban guerrilla warfare, urban guerrilla group in Brazil which fought against the Military dictatorship in Brazil, Brazilian military dictatorship instated in 1964. The organization was founded by Carlos Marighella in 1967, following a split in the Brazilian Communist Party. It was the main left-wing armed organization in Brazil, standing out for the amount of militants it managed to attract. During its active years, the ALN was responsible for several notable acts, including bank robberies to finance guerilla warfare, the 1969 kidnapping of the United States Ambassador to Brazil, and taking other public figures hostage to be exchanged for jailed militants. History Political context After the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état, Brazilian coup d'état in 1964, the instated military dictatorship repressed democratic political manifestation and frustrated the expectations of peac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Movement 8th October
8th October Revolutionary Movement (''Movimento Revolucionário 8 de Outubro'', MR8) was a Marxist political organization that took part in armed struggle against the Military dictatorship in Brazil. It was formed in 1964 among college students in the city of Niterói, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, originally being called Rio de Janeiro Dissidence (DI-RJ). It was later renamed in memory of the day in which Ernesto "Che" Guevara was captured in Bolivia, on 8 October 1967. Today it takes part in popular political movements and publishes the newspaper Hora do Povo. It is also responsible for the Free Fatherland Party, founded in 2009 and integrated into the Communist Party of Brazil in 2019. History Resulting from a split by college students from the Brazilian Communist Party, the DI-RJ (later renamed MR-8 in 1967) acted within student's movements, as well as in early armed resistance, in 1968. Broken up by the Brazilian army in early 1969, the remaining survivors who were stil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rosemary Sheed
''Salvia rosmarinus'' (), commonly known as rosemary, is a shrub with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves and white, pink, purple, or blue flowers, native to the Mediterranean region. Until 2017, it was known by the scientific name ''Rosmarinus officinalis'' (), now a synonym. It is a member of the sage family Lamiaceae, which includes many other medicinal and culinary herbs. The name "rosemary" derives from Latin ("dew of the sea"). Rosemary has a fibrous root system. Description Rosemary is an aromatic evergreen shrub with leaves similar to hemlock needles. It is native to the Mediterranean and Asia, but is reasonably hardy in cool climates. Special cultivars like 'Arp' can withstand winter temperatures down to about . It can withstand droughts, surviving a severe lack of water for lengthy periods. In some parts of the world, it is considered a potentially invasive species. The seeds are often difficult to start, with a low germination rate and relatively slow grow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guerrilla Warfare
Guerrilla warfare is a form of irregular warfare in which small groups of combatants, such as paramilitary personnel, armed civilians, or Irregular military, irregulars, use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, Raid (military), raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and Mobility (military), mobility, to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military. Although the term "guerrilla warfare" was coined in the context of the Peninsular War in the 19th century, the tactical methods of guerrilla warfare have long been in use. In the 6th century BC, Sun Tzu proposed the use of guerrilla-style tactics in ''The Art of War''. The 3rd century BC Roman general Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus is also credited with inventing many of the tactics of guerrilla warfare through what is today called the Fabian strategy. Guerrilla warfare has been used by various factions throughout history and is particularly associated with revolutionary movements and popular resistance agains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Butt (translator) (1870–1931), English film actor
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John Butt may refer to: * John Butt (bishop) (1826–1899), English Roman Catholic bishop * John Butt (musician) (born 1960), English conductor, organist, harpsichordist and scholar * John Butt (politician) (born 1941), Canadian politician * John Butt (sport shooter) (1850–1939), English sport shooter * John Mohammed Butt (born 1950), Trinidad-born British Islamic scholar and broadcaster See also * John But (fl. 1402–1425), English politician * John Butts (other) * Johnny Butt John William H. Butt (1870–1931) was an English film actor of the silent era. He was born in Bradford and died in North Bierley, West Yorkshire. Selected filmography * ''The Chimes'' (1914) * ''Far from the Madding Crowd'' (1915) * ''The Gra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelican Latin American Library
The Pelican Latin American Library (PLAL) was a specialist series of books published by Penguin Books UK in the 1970s. The series was inaugurated in the wake of the success of another Penguin imprint, the Penguin African Library. The general editor of the series was Richard Gott, the longtime Latin America correspondent of the Guardian. The series took off at a time when Latin American politics was buffeted by numerous challenges such as military dictatorship, American hegemony, widespread poverty, and guerrilla uprisings often inspired by Marxist liberation theology. The first book in the series was Carlos Marighela's '' For the Liberation of Brazil'', translated by John Butt and Rosemary Sheed. Other titles published in the series were: * Alain Labrousse, ''The Tupamaros'' * Alain Gheerbrant, ''The Rebel Church in Latin America'' * Andre Gunder Frank, ''Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America'' * Camilo Torres Restrepo, ''Revolutionary Priest'' * Carlos Marighela, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
