|
Footprints (composition)
"Footprints" is a jazz standard composed by saxophonist Wayne Shorter and first recorded for his album '' Adam's Apple'' in 1966. The first commercial release of the song was a different recording on the Miles Davis album '' Miles Smiles'' recorded later in 1966, but released earlier. It has become a jazz standard. Rhythm Although often written in or , it is not a jazz waltz because the feel alternates between simple meter and compound meter. On '' Miles Smiles'', the band playfully explores the correlation between African-based (or ) and . Drummer Tony Williams freely moves from swing, to the three-over-two cross rhythm—and to its correlative. The ground of four main beats is maintained throughout the piece. The bass switches to at 2:20. Ron Carter’s figure is known as ''tresillo'' in Afro-Cuban music and is the duple-pulse correlative of the figure.Peñalosa, David (2010: 43). ''The Clave Matrix; Afro-Cuban Rhythm: Its Principles and African Origins''. Redway, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jazz Standard
Jazz standards are musical compositions that are an important part of the musical repertoire of jazz musicians, in that they are widely known, performed, and recorded by jazz musicians, and widely known by listeners. There is no definitive list of jazz standards, and the list of songs deemed to be standards changes over time. Songs included in major fake book publications (sheet music collections of popular tunes) and jazz reference works offer a rough guide to which songs are considered standards. Not all jazz standards were written by jazz composers. Many are originally Tin Pan Alley popular songs, Broadway show tunes or songs from Hollywood musicals – the Great American Songbook. In Europe, jazz standards and "fake books" may even include some traditional folk songs (such as in Scandinavia) or pieces of ethnic music (such as gypsy melodies) that have been played with a jazz feel by well known jazz players. A commonly played song can only be considered a jazz standard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afro-Cuban Music
Music of African heritage in Cuba derives from the musical traditions of the many ethnic groups from different parts of West Africa that were brought to Cuba as slaves between the 16th and 19th centuries. Members of some of these groups formed their own ethnic associations or '' cabildos'', in which cultural traditions were conserved, including musical ones. Music of African heritage, along with considerable Iberian (Spanish) musical elements, forms the fulcrum of Cuban music. Much of this music is associated with traditional African religion Lucumi, Palo, and othersand preserves the languages formerly used in the African homelands. The music is passed on by oral tradition and is often performed in private gatherings difficult for outsiders to access. Lacking melodic instruments, the music instead features polyrhythmic percussion, voice (call-and-response), and dance. As with other musically renowned New World nations such as the United States, Brazil and Jamaica, Cuban music repre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harmonic Rhythm
In music theory, harmonic rhythm, also known as harmonic tempo, is the rate at which the chords change (or progress) in a musical composition, in relation to the rate of notes. Thus a passage in common time with a stream of sixteenth notes and chord changes every measure has a slow harmonic rhythm and a fast surface or "musical" rhythm (16 notes per chord change), while a piece with a trickle of half notes and chord changes twice a measure has a fast harmonic rhythm and a slow surface rhythm (1 note per chord change). Harmonic rhythm may be described as strong or weak. According to William Russo harmonic rhythm is, "the duration of each different chord...in a succession of chords." According to Joseph Swain (2002 p. 4) harmonic rhythm, "is simply that perception of rhythm that depends on changes in aspects of harmony." According to Walter Piston (1944), "the rhythmic life contributed to music by means of the underlying changes of harmony. The pattern of the harmonic rhythm o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turnaround (music)
In jazz, a turnaround is a passage at the end of a section which leads to the next section. This next section is most often the repetition of the previous section or the entire piece or song.Randel, Don Michael (2002). ''The Harvard Concise Dictionary of Music and Musicians''. . p.693 The turnaround may lead back to this section either harmonically, as a chord progression, or melodically. Typical examples Typical turnarounds in jazz include: *I–vi–ii–V ( ii–V–I turnaround, circle progression) *I-VI-ii-V *I–VI–II–V (I–V/ii–V/V–V) *I–iii–ii7–V7 *I–vi–VI711–V * V–IV–I (blues turnaround) *I–III–VI–II7 (Tadd Dameron turnaround) *iii-VI-ii-V Turnarounds typically begin with the tonic (I) (or a tonic substitute such as iii) and end on the dominant (V7), the next section starting on the tonic (I). They may also end on II7 (which is a dominant substitute). Thus when used in a twelve bar blues pattern, the twelfth bar may end on the do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avant Garde
The avant-garde (; In 'advance guard' or 'vanguard', literally 'fore-guard') is a person or work that is experimental, radical, or unorthodox with respect to art, culture, or society.John Picchione, The New Avant-garde in Italy: Theoretical Debate and Poetic Practices' (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004), p. 64 . It is frequently characterized by aesthetic innovation and initial unacceptability.Kostelanetz, Richard, ''A Dictionary of the Avant-Gardes'', Routledge, May 13, 2013 The avant-garde pushes the boundaries of what is accepted as the or the '' |
Twelve-bar Blues
The 12-bar blues (or blues changes) is one of the most prominent chord progressions in popular music. The blues progression has a distinctive form in lyrics, phrase, chord structure, and duration. In its basic form, it is predominantly based on the I, IV, and V chords of a key. Mastery of the blues and rhythm changes are "critical elements for building a jazz repertoire". Background The blues originated from a combination of work songs, spirituals, and early southern country music. The music was passed down through oral tradition. It was first written down by W. C. Handy, an African American composer and band leader. Its popularity led to the creation of "race records" and the popularity of blues singers like Bessie Smith and Ma Rainy. The style of music heard on race records was later called "rhythm and blues" (R & B). As the music became more popular, more people wanted to perform it. General patterns that existed in the blues were formalized, one of these being the 12-bar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C Minor
C minor is a minor scale based on C, consisting of the pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature consists of three flats. Its relative major is E major and its parallel major is C major. The C natural minor scale is: : Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The C harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are: : : Notable compositions * Charles-Valentin Alkan ** Prelude Op. 31, No. 16 (Assez lentement) ** Symphony for Solo Piano, 1st movement: Allegro ** Trois grandes études, Op. 76, No. 3 "Mouvement semblable et perpetuel" (Rondo-Toccata) for the hands reunited * Johannes Sebastian Bach **Passacaglia and Fugue in C minor, BWV 582 **Lute Suite in C minor, BWV 997 ** Cello Suite No. 5, BWV 1011 **The Musical Offering, BWV 1079 ** Partita No. 2, BWV 826 *Ludwig van Beethoven (See Beethoven and C minor) ** Piano Sonata No. 5 ** Piano Sonata No. 8 (''Pathétique'') ** Piano Concer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beat Music
Beat music, British beat, or Merseybeat is a British popular music genre that developed, particularly in and around Liverpool, in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The genre melded influences from American rock and roll, rhythm and blues, skiffle, traditional pop and music hall. It rose to mainstream popularity in the UK and Europe by 1963 before spreading to the North America in 1964 with the British Invasion. The beat style had a significant impact on popular music and youth culture, from 1960s movements such as garage rock, folk rock and psychedelic music to 1970s punk rock and 1990s Britpop. Origin The exact origins of the terms 'beat music' and 'Merseybeat' are uncertain. The "beat" in each, however, derived from the driving rhythms which the bands had adopted from their rock and roll, R&B and soul music influences, rather than the Beat Generation literary movement of the 1950s. As the initial wave of rock and roll subsided in the later 1950s, "big beat" music, later sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ride Pattern
The ride cymbal is a standard cymbal in most drum kits. Its function in the kit is to maintain a beat,Schroedl, Scott (2001). ''Play Drums Today!'', p.7. Hal Leonard. . "It's called the ride cymbal because you 'ride' on it--that is, you maintain a steady pattern." sometimes called a ride pattern, rather than the accent of a crash. It is normally placed on the extreme right (or dominant hand) of a drum set, above the floor tom.Peckman, Jonathan (2007). ''Picture Yourself Drumming'', p.195. . The ride can fulfill any function or rhythm the hi-hat does, with the exception of an open and closed sound. The ride is played with a drumstick. Terminology The term ''ride'' means ''to ride with the music'', describing the cymbal's sustain after it is struck. The term may depict either the function or characteristic of the instrument. Most cymbal makers manufacture specific cymbals for the purpose. Some drummers use a china cymbal, a sizzle cymbal or a specialized tone such as a swish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Straight-ahead Jazz
Straight-ahead jazz is a genre of jazz that developed in the 1960s, with roots in the prior two decades. It omits the rock music and free jazz influences that began to appear in jazz during this period, instead preferring acoustic instruments, conventional piano comping, walking bass patterns, and swing- and bop-based drum rhythms. Musical style A study conducted by Anthony Belfiglio at the University of Texas, Austin analyzed the music of Oscar Peterson, Wynton Kelly, Wynton Marsalis, and Marcus Roberts in order to determine key features of straight-ahead jazz that distinguish it from other genres. Belfiglio concluded that the walking bass, a 4/4 bass pattern in which a bassist plays one note to each beat, synchronized with a ride-based drum pattern was a defining component of straight-ahead jazz. Background Often called "America's classical music," the subgenres of mainstream jazz have been less "subject to the whims of fashion," according to Scott DeVeaux, than other g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tresillo (rhythm)
Tresillo ( ; ) is a rhythmic pattern (shown below) used in Latin American music. It is a more basic form of the rhythmic figure known as the ''habanera''. : \new RhythmicStaff Tresillo is the most fundamental duple-pulse rhythmic cell in Cuban and other Latin American music. It was introduced in the New World through the Atlantic slave trade during the Colonial period. The pattern is also the most fundamental and most prevalent duple-pulse rhythmic cell in Sub-Saharan African music traditions. The cinquillo pattern is another common embellishment of tresillo. Cinquillo is used frequently in the Cuban contradanza (the "habanera") and the danzón. Triplet (formal usage) ''Tresillo'' is a Spanish word meaning " triplet"—three equal notes within the same time span normally occupied by two notes. In its formal usage, ''tresillo'' refers to a subdivision of the beat that does not normally occur within the given structure. Therefore, it is indicated by the number 3 between the hal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wayne Shorter
Wayne Shorter (born August 25, 1933) is an American jazz saxophonist and composer. Shorter came to prominence in the late 1950s as a member of, and eventually primary composer for, Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers. In the 1960s, he joined Miles Davis's Second Great Quintet, and then co-founded the jazz fusion band Weather Report. He has recorded over 20 albums as a bandleader. Many Shorter compositions have become jazz standards, and his music has earned worldwide recognition, critical praise and commendation. Shorter has won 11 Grammy Awards. He is acclaimed for his mastery of the soprano saxophone since switching his focus from the tenor in the late 1960s and beginning an extended reign in 1970 as ''Down Beat''s annual poll-winner on that instrument, winning the critics' poll for 10 consecutive years and the readers' for 18. ''The New York Times Ben Ratliff described Shorter in 2008 as "probably jazz's greatest living small-group composer and a contender for greatest living improv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
