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Flora Of Svalbard
There are over 190 vascular plant species on the Norwegian Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. This figure does not include algae, mosses, and lichens, which are non-vascular plants. For an island so far north, this number of species constitutes an astonishing variety of plant life. Because of the harsh climate and the short growing season, all the plants are slow growing. They seldom grow higher than In some areas, especially in warmer valleys, the plants produce carpets of blossoms. Svalbard has been divided into four vegetation zones. Plant species *''Acorus calamus'' L. (introduced) *''Alchemilla glabra'' Neygenf. (doubtful) *'' Alchemilla subcrenata'' Buser (introduced) *'' Alopecurus magellanicus'' Lam. *'' Anthoxanthum monticola'' (Bigelow) Veldkamp *'' Arabis alpina'' L. – Alpine rock-cress *''Arctagrostis latifolia'' (R.Br.) Griseb. *''Arctium lappa'' L. *''× Arctodupontia scleroclada'' (Rupr.) Tzvelev *'' Arenaria humifusa'' Wahlenb. *'' Arenaria pseudofrigida'' (Osten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vascular Plant
Vascular plants (), also called tracheophytes () or collectively Tracheophyta (), form a large group of land plants ( accepted known species) that have lignified tissues (the xylem) for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant. They also have a specialized non-lignified tissue (the phloem) to conduct products of photosynthesis. Vascular plants include the clubmosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms (including conifers), and angiosperms (flowering plants). Scientific names for the group include Tracheophyta, Tracheobionta and Equisetopsida ''sensu lato''. Some early land plants (the rhyniophytes) had less developed vascular tissue; the term eutracheophyte has been used for all other vascular plants, including all living ones. Historically, vascular plants were known as "higher plants", as it was believed that they were further evolved than other plants due to being more complex organisms. However, this is an antiquated remnant of the obsolete scala naturae, and the term ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alopecurus Magellanicus
''Alopecurus'', or foxtail grass, is a common and widespread genus of plants in the grass family. It is common across temperate and subtropical parts of Eurasia, northern Africa, and the Americas, as well as naturalized in Australia and on various islands. Foxtails can be annual or perennial. They grow in tufts. They have flat leaves and blunt ligules (a small flap at the junction of leaf and stem). Their inflorescence is a dense panicle (a branching head without terminal flower) with 1-flowered spikelets. A few, particularly ''A. myosuroides'', are considered weeds, others are very decorative and are used in bouquets of dried flowers. ; Species * ''Alopecurus aequalis'' – Orange foxtail, shortawn foxtail – Eurasia, Americas * ''Alopecurus albovii'' – Caucasus * ''Alopecurus anatolicus'' – eastern Turkey * ''Alopecurus apiatus'' – Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran * '' Alopecurus arundinaceus'' – Reed foxtail, creeping foxtail, creeping meadow foxtail ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calamagrostis Purpurascens
''Calamagrostis purpurascens'', is a perennial grass commonly known as purple reedgrass, purple pinegrass, or alpine reedgrass. It grows 30 to tall. Description ''Calamagrostis purpurascens'' is a large, clump forming, perennial grass; growing 30-80 cm (12-31 in.) tall. It grows from short rhizomes and has dense, often purpled tinted flower heads that are 4 to 13 cm (1.6 to 5.1 in.) long. It has one flowered spikelets, two subequal glumes, and lemma with a dorsal awn. The awn is longer than the glum and sharply bent, and longer than the tip of the spiklet. Flowering stems have typically one or two leaves. Distribution ''Calamagrostis purpurascens'' is native from arctic Greenland, to much of Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, and Yukon Territory) and the western and northern U.S. (Alaska, California, Colorado, Idaho, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washingt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cakile Arctica
''Cakile arctica'', commonly known as sea rocket and Fjörukál, is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Norway (where it is extinct in Svalbard), and Russia (specifically North European Russia as defined in the WGSRPD).POWO (2021): Cakile arctica Pobed.. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:279785-1. Retrieved 31 December 2021. It is an annual species,Sturla Fridriksson (1987Plant Colonization of A Volcanic Island, Surtsey, Iceland Arctic and Alpine Research, 19:4, 425-431. i.e. it germinates, grows, flowers, produces seeds, and dies within one year. ''Cakile arctica'' is a pioneer species in primary succession: it was the first vascular plant to colonise Surtsey, a volcanic island south of Iceland that was formed by eruptions Several types of volcanic eruptions—during which lava, teph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braya Purpurascens
''Braya'' is a genus of plants in the family Brassicaceae. *'' Braya alpina'' Sternb. & Hoppe *'' Braya fernaldii'' Abbe *'' Braya forrestii'' W.W.Sm. *'' Braya glabella'' Richardson *'' Braya humilis'' (C.A. Mey.) B.L. Rob. *'' Braya linearis'' Rouy *'' Braya longii'' Fernald *''Braya pilosa ''Braya pilosa'' is a long-lived perennial flowering plant of the mustard family known by the common name hairy braya. It has one to many stems 4–12 cm long, erect to ascending to almost prostrate and moderately to densely hairy, and can ...'' Hook. *'' Braya rosea'' (Turcz.) Bunge *'' Braya scharnhorstii'' Regel & Schmalh. *'' Braya thorild-wulffii'' Ostenf. References * * External links Brassicaceae genera {{Brassicales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bistorta Vivipara
''Bistorta vivipara'' (synonym ''Persicaria vivipara'') is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the knotweed and buckwheat family Polygonaceae, commonly known as alpine bistort. Scientific synonyms include ''Bistorta vivipara'' and ''Polygonum viviparum''. It is common all over the high Arctic through Europe, North America, and temperate and tropical Asia. Its range stretches further south in high mountainous areas such as the Alps, Carpathians, Pyrenees, Caucasus, and the Tibetan Plateau. Taxonomy Molecular phylogenetic work has demonstrated that the genus ''Bistorta'' represents a distinct lineage within the family Polygonaceae. The genus ''Bistorta'' contains at least 42 accepted species. Description Alpine bistort is a perennial herb that grows to tall. It has a thick rhizomatous rootstock and an erect, unbranched, hairless stem. The leaves are hairless on the upper surfaces, but hairy and greyish-green below. The basal ones are longish-elliptical with long stalks an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betula Nana
''Betula nana'', the dwarf birch, is a species of birch in the family Betulaceae, found mainly in the tundra of the Arctic region. Description It is a monoecious, deciduous shrub growing up to high. The bark is non-peeling and shiny red-copper colored. The leaves are rounded, diameter, with a bluntly toothed margin. The leaves are a darker green on their upper surface. Leaf growth occurs after snow melt and become red in autumn. The wind-pollinated fruiting catkins are erect, long and broad. Distribution ''Betula nana'' is native to arctic and cool temperate regions of Greenland, Iceland, northern Europe, northern Asia and northern North America and it will grow in a variety of conditions. Outside of far northern areas, it is usually found growing only in mountains above , up to in Great Britain and in the Alps. Its northern range limit is on Svalbard, where it is confined to favourable sites. In the UK ''Betula nana'' is at its southern range limit, with many populations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barbarea Vulgaris
''Barbarea vulgaris'', also called wintercress (usual common name), or alternatively herb barbara, rocketcress, yellow rocketcress, winter rocket, yellow rocket, and wound rocket, is a biennial herb of the genus ''Barbarea'', belonging to the family Brassicaceae. Description This plant grows to about high, with a maximum of . The stem is ribbed and hairless, branched at the base. It has basal rosettes of shiny, dark green leaves. The basal leaves are stalked and lyre-pinnatifid, that is with a large terminal lobe and smaller lower lobes. The cauline leaves are smaller, ovate, toothed, or lobed. The flowers are borne in spring in dense terminal clusters above the foliage. They are long, with four bright yellow petals. The flowering period extends from about April through July. The fruit is a pod around . Chemical substances in this species include saponins, flavonoids, and glucosinolates. Taxonomy Formally, ''B. vulgaris'' was first published and described by William Aito ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arenaria Pseudofrigida
''Arenaria pseudofrigida'' is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae. Its native range is Subarctic The subarctic zone is a region in the Northern Hemisphere immediately south of the true Arctic, north of humid continental regions and covering much of Alaska, Canada, Iceland, the north of Scandinavia, Siberia, and the Cairngorms. Generally, .... References {{Taxonbar, from=Q2860828 pseudofrigida ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arenaria Humifusa
''Arenaria humifusa'' is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae. Its native range is Subarctic The subarctic zone is a region in the Northern Hemisphere immediately south of the true Arctic, north of humid continental regions and covering much of Alaska, Canada, Iceland, the north of Scandinavia, Siberia, and the Cairngorms. Generally, ... to Northeastern Canada. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q2860830 humifusa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
× Arctodupontia Scleroclada
The multiplication sign, also known as the times sign or the dimension sign, is the symbol , used in mathematics to denote the multiplication operation and its resulting product. While similar to a lowercase X (), the form is properly a four-fold rotationally symmetric saltire. History The earliest known use of the symbol to represent multiplication appears in an anonymous appendix to the 1618 edition of John Napier's . This appendix has been attributed to William Oughtred, who used the same symbol in his 1631 algebra text, , stating:"Multiplication of species .e. unknownsconnects both proposed magnitudes with the symbol 'in' or : or ordinarily without the symbol if the magnitudes be denoted with one letter." Two earlier uses of a notation have been identified, but do not stand critical examination. Uses In mathematics, the symbol × has a number of uses, including * Multiplication of two numbers, where it is read as "times" or "multiplied by" * Cross product of two vect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arctium Lappa
''Arctium lappa'', commonly called greater burdock, , edible burdock, lappa, beggar's buttons, thorny burr, or happy major is a Eurasian species of plants in the family Asteraceae, cultivated in gardens for its root used as a vegetable. It has become an invasive weed of high-nitrogen soils in North America, Australia, and other regions. Description Greater burdock is a biennial plant, rather tall, reaching as much as . It has large, alternating, wavy-edged cordiform leaves that have a long petiole and are pubescent on the underside. The flowers are purple and grouped in globular capitula, united in clusters. They appear in mid-summer, from July to September. The capitula are surrounded by an involucre made out of many bracts, each curving to form a hook, allowing the mature fruits to be carried long distances on the fur of animals. The fruits are achenes; they are long, compressed, with short pappus hairs. These are a potential hazard for humans, horses, and dogs. The minu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
