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Flexible Wing
In aeronautics, a flexible wing is an airfoil or aircraft wing which can deform in flight. Early pioneer aeroplanes such as the Wright flyer used the flexible characteristics of lightweight construction to control flight through wing warping. Others made collapsible wings for folding away, such as the flying car designs by Gustave Whitehead. Since the 1960s flexible wings have dominated hang glider and ultralight aircraft designs, with such types as the delta-shaped Rogallo wing and the fully collapsible paraglider. More recently, the advent of high-strength flexible materials and other advanced technologies has renewed interest in the use of flexing for control purposes. __TOC__ Pioneer aircraft Control The first effective control system on a powered aircraft allowed one to fly for the first time. The Wright Flyer used wing warping for lateral or roll control, by twisting one wing tip to increase its angle to the air while twisting the other to reduce its angle. The Wrig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paresev 1-B In Tow Flight - GPN-2000-000212
The NASA Paresev ("Paraglider Research Vehicle") was an experimental NASA glider aircraft based upon the kite-parachute studies by NASA engineer Francis Rogallo. Between 1961 and 1965 the ability of the Rogallo wing (also called "Parawing") to descend a payload such as the Gemini space capsule safely from high altitude to ground was studied.Aviation News article The Paresev was a test vehicle used to learn how to control this parachute-wing for a safe landing at a normal . Publicity on the Paresev and the Ryan XV-8 "Flying Jeep" aircraft inspired hobbyists to adapt Rogallo's flexible wing airfoil onto elementary |
Transonic
Transonic (or transsonic) flow is air flowing around an object at a speed that generates regions of both subsonic and supersonic airflow around that object. The exact range of speeds depends on the object's critical Mach number, but transonic flow is seen at flight speeds close to the speed of sound (343 m/s at sea level), typically between Mach 0.8 and 1.2. The issue of transonic speed (or transonic region) first appeared during World War II. Pilots found as they approached the sound barrier the airflow caused aircraft to become unsteady. Experts found that shock waves can cause large-scale separation downstream, increasing drag and adding asymmetry and unsteadiness to the flow around the vehicle. Research has been done into weakening shock waves in transonic flight through the use of anti-shock bodies and supercritical airfoils. Most modern jet powered aircraft are engineered to operate at transonic air speeds. Transonic airspeeds see a rapid increase in drag fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Flexible-winged Aircraft
{{Short description, none This is a list of all flexible-winged aircraft, or aircraft which do not use rigid lifting surfaces (all of them hang gliders except the Antonov). * Swedish Aerosport Mosquito * Flylight Doodle Bug * Pegasus Booster The Pegasus Booster is a British powered hang glider that was designed and produced by Pegasus Aviation.Cliche, Andre: ''Ultralight Aircraft Shopper's Guide'' 8th Edition, page C-32. Cybair Limited Publishing, 2001. Design and development The ... * Antonov T-2M Maverick * A-I-R Atos * A-I-R Atos C 135 * A-I-R Atos C 160 * A-I-R Atos C Classique 135 * A-I-R Atos C Classique 160 * A-I-R Atos C+ 135 * A-I-R Atos C+ 160 * A-I-R Atos VS * A-I-R Atos V * A-I-R Atos V * A-I-R Atos VQ * A-I-R Atos VR/VR10 * A-I-R Atos VX Finsterwalder (Finsterwalder GmbH, Munich, Germany) * Finsterwalder Airfex * Finsterwalder Bergfex * Finsterwalder Funfex * Finsterwalder Jetfex * Finsterwalder Lightfex * Finsterwalder Minifex * Finsterwalder Pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UTIAS Snowbird
The Snowbird is a human-powered ornithopter that was built as a project of the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies (UTIAS). Snowbird was the first human-powered ornithopter to fly straight and level. Design and development Background There have been several attempts throughout history of humans attempting to fly like a bird, under their own power. Leonardo da Vinci is frequently credited with creating the first design for a human-powered ornithopter in 1485. Since that time, many people have tried to make human-powered flight like a bird happen. In 1991, the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) awarded a “Diplôme d’Honneur” for the first remotely operated engine-powered ornithopter, which was developed by Professor James DeLaurier and UTIAS. In 2006, the UTIAS Ornithopter No.1 flew. It required the assistance of a jet engine to take off, and its flapping wings were driven by an 18 kW (24 HP) gasoline engine. Ornithopter Project The H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ornithopter
An ornithopter (from Greek ''ornis, ornith-'' "bird" and ''pteron'' "wing") is an aircraft that flies by flapping its wings. Designers sought to imitate the flapping-wing flight of birds, bats, and insects. Though machines may differ in form, they are usually built on the same scale as flying animals. Larger, crewed ornithopters have also been built and some have been successful. Crewed ornithopters are generally either powered by engines or by the pilot. Early history Some early crewed flight attempts may have been intended to achieve flapping-wing flight, but probably only a glide was actually achieved. They include the purported flights of the 11th-century Catholic monk Eilmer of Malmesbury (recorded in the 12th century) and the 9th-century poet Abbas Ibn Firnas (recorded in the 17th century). Roger Bacon, writing in 1260, was also among the first to consider a technological means of flight. In 1485, Leonardo da Vinci began to study the flight of birds. He grasped that hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gulfstream III
The Gulfstream III, a business jet produced by Gulfstream Aerospace, is an improved variant of the Grumman Gulfstream II. Design and development The Gulfstream III was built at Savannah, Georgia, in the United States and was designed as an improved variant of the Grumman Gulfstream II. Design studies were performed by Grumman Aerospace Corporation in collaboration with Gulfstream American Corporation. Design of the Gulfstream III started with an effort to synthesize a completely new wing employing NASA supercritical airfoil sections and winglets. Optimization studies considering weight, drag, fuel volume, cost, and performance indicated that a substantial portion of the new wing benefit could be secured with modifications to the existing wing. As a result, the new wing concept was canceled and work began on design modifications that would retain the Gulfstream II wing box structure and trailing edge surfaces. Compared to the G-1159 Gulfstream II, the wing has more span ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wing Flap
A flap is a high-lift device used to reduce the stalling speed of an aircraft wing at a given weight. Flaps are usually mounted on the wing trailing edges of a fixed-wing aircraft. Flaps are used to reduce the take-off distance and the landing distance. Flaps also cause an increase in drag so they are retracted when not needed. The flaps installed on most aircraft are partial-span flaps; spanwise from near the wing root to the inboard end of the ailerons. When partial-span flaps are extended they alter the spanwise lift distribution on the wing by causing the inboard half of the wing to supply an increased proportion of the lift, and the outboard half to supply a reduced proportion of the lift. Reducing the proportion of the lift supplied by the outboard half of the wing is accompanied by a reduction in the angle of attack on the outboard half. This is beneficial because it increases the margin above the stall of the outboard half, maintaining aileron effectiveness and red ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gertrude Rogallo
Gertrude S. Rogallo (January 13, 1914 – January 28, 2008) was one of the co-inventors of the flexible wing. These wings are now known as Rogallo wings. She and her husband, Francis Rogallo, invented the wing and obtained two United States patents on different versions of it in the early 1950s. Rogallo wings are commonly used today in kites, hang gliders and powered hang glider A foot-launched powered hang glider (FLPHG), also called powered harness, nanolight, or hangmotor, is a powered hang glider harness with a motor and propeller in pusher configuration. An ordinary hang glider is used for its wing and control f ...s. PatentsRogallo, Gertrude et al., “Flexible Kite”, US patent 2,546,078, Filed November 23, 1948 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis Rogallo
Francis Melvin Rogallo (January 27, 1912 – September 1, 2009) was an American aeronautical engineer inventor born in Sanger, California, U.S. Together with his wife, he is credited with the invention of the Rogallo wing, or "flexible wing", a precursor to the modern hang glider and paraglider. His patents were ranged over mechanical utility patents and ornamental design patents for wing controls, airfoils, target kite, flexible wing, and advanced configurations for flexible wing vehicles. Career Francis Rogallo earned an aeronautical engineering degree at Stanford University in 1935. Since 1936, Rogallo worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) as an aeronautics project engineer at the wind tunnels. During 1948, he and his wife, Gertrude Rogallo, invented and patented a self-inflating flexible kite. They called this kite the "flexible wing". Rogallo had originally invented the wing with the idea to create an aircraft which would be simple enou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forward-swept Wing
A forward-swept wing is an aircraft wing configuration in which the quarter-chord line of the wing has a forward sweep. Typically, the leading edge also sweeps forward. Characteristics The forward-swept configuration has a number of characteristics which increase as the angle of sweep increases. Main spar location The rearward location of the main wing spar would lead to a more efficient interior arrangement with more usable space. Inward spanwise flow Air flowing over any swept wing tends to move spanwise towards the rearmost end of the wing. On a rearward-swept wing this is outwards towards the tip, while on a forward-swept wing it is inwards towards the root. As a result, the dangerous tip stall condition of a rearward-swept design becomes a safer and more controllable root stall on a forward-swept design. This allows full aileron control despite loss of lift, and also means that drag-inducing leading edge slots or other devices are not required. With the air flowing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aeroelastic Tailoring
Aeroelastic tailoring is defined as "the embodiment of directional stiffness into an aircraft structural design to control aeroelastic deformation, static or dynamic, in such a fashion as to affect the aerodynamic and structural performance of that aircraft in a beneficial way"Shirk, M., Hertz, T., Weisshaar, T., "Aeroelastic Tailoring – Theory, Practice, Promise", ''Journal of Aircraft'', Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 6-18, 1986. or "passive aeroelastic control".Weisshaar, T., ''Aircraft Aeroelastic Design and Analysis'', 1995 Objectives associated with aeroelastic tailoring include weight minimization, flutter, divergence, stress, roll reversal, control effectiveness, lift, drag, skin buckling, and fatigue. History According to Shirk et al., the first record of aeroelastic tailoring is from 1949 by MunkMunk, M., "Propeller Containing Diagonally Disposed Fibrous Material," U.S. Patent 2,484,308,1111, Oct. 1949. who oriented the grain of his wooden propeller blade to create desirable def ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Short SB
Short may refer to: Places * Short (crater), a lunar impact crater on the near side of the Moon * Short, Mississippi, an unincorporated community * Short, Oklahoma, a census-designated place People * Short (surname) * List of people known as the Short Arts, entertainment, and media * Short film, a cinema format (also called film short or short subject) * Short story, prose generally readable in one sitting * ''The Short-Timers'', a 1979 semi-autobiographical novel by Gustav Hasford, about military short-timers in Vietnam Brands and enterprises * Short Brothers, a British aerospace company * Short Brothers of Sunderland, former English shipbuilder Computing and technology * Short circuit, an accidental connection between two nodes of an electrical circuit * Short integer, a computer datatype Finance * Short (finance), stock-trading position * Short snorter, a banknote signed by fellow travelers, common during World War II Foodstuffs * Short pastry, one which is rich in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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