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Five Directorates
The Five Directorates were five service agencies in the central government of the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties of China, apart from the Nine Courts. The Five Directorates included: *Directorate of Waterways () *Directorate for Imperial Manufactories () *Directorate for the Palace Buildings () *Directorate for Armaments () *Directorate of Education (), during the Sui and Tang dynasties *Directorate of Astronomy (), during the Five Dynasties period The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (), from 907 to 979, was an era of political upheaval and division in 10th-century Imperial China. Five dynastic states quickly succeeded one another in the Central Plain, and more than a dozen concu ... and Song dynasty References * Government of Imperial China {{China-history-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sui Dynasty
The Sui dynasty (, ) was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China that lasted from 581 to 618. The Sui unified the Northern and Southern dynasties, thus ending the long period of division following the fall of the Western Jin dynasty, and laying the foundations for the much longer lasting Tang dynasty. Founded by Emperor Wen of Sui, the Sui dynasty capital was Chang'an (which was renamed Daxing, modern Xi'an, Shaanxi) from 581–605 and later Luoyang (605–18). Emperors Wen and his successor Yang undertook various centralized reforms, most notably the equal-field system, intended to reduce economic inequality and improve agricultural productivity; the institution of the Five Departments and Six Board (五省六曹 or 五省六部) system, which is a predecessor of Three Departments and Six Ministries system; and the standardization and re-unification of the coinage. They also spread and encouraged Buddhism throughout the empire. By the middle of the dynasty, the newly unifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tang Dynasty
The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, t= ), or Tang Empire, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907 AD, with an Zhou dynasty (690–705), interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Historians generally regard the Tang as a high point in Chinese civilization, and a Golden age (metaphor), golden age of cosmopolitan culture. Tang territory, acquired through the military campaigns of its early rulers, rivaled that of the Han dynasty. The House of Li, Lǐ family () founded the dynasty, seizing power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire and inaugurating a period of progress and stability in the first half of the dynasty's rule. The dynasty was formally interrupted during 690–705 when Empress Wu Zetian seized the throne, proclaiming the Zhou dynasty (690–705), Wu Zhou dynasty and becoming the only legitimate Chinese empress regnant. The devast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Song Dynasty
The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the rest of the Ten Kingdoms, ending the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The Song often came into conflict with the contemporaneous Liao, Western Xia and Jin dynasties in northern China. After retreating to southern China, the Song was eventually conquered by the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The dynasty is divided into two periods: Northern Song and Southern Song. During the Northern Song (; 960–1127), the capital was in the northern city of Bianjing (now Kaifeng) and the dynasty controlled most of what is now Eastern China. The Southern Song (; 1127–1279) refers to the period after the Song lost control of its northern half to the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in the Jin–Song Wars. At that time, the Song court retreated south of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nine Courts
The Nine Courts were nine service agencies in Imperial China that existed from the Northern Qi dynasty (550–577) to the Qing dynasty (1636–1912). Headed by the Nine Chamberlains, the offices were subordinate to the Three Departments and Six Ministries. They were mostly ceremonial in nature and held a fair amount of power. During the Ming dynasty, the heads of the nine court transitioned away from referring to the nine courts, but to the Six Ministries, the Censorate, the Office of Transmission, and the Grand Court of Revision. The number of courts was not always nine throughout history. The nine courts throughout most of history were: See also * Five Directorates * Nine Ministers The Nine Ministers or Nine Chamberlains () was the collective name for nine high officials in the imperial government of the Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD), who each headed one of the Nine Courts and were subordinates to the Three Councillors of ..., related concept References * Go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Directorate Of Waterways
Directorate may refer to: Contemporary *Directorates of the Scottish Government * Directorate-General, a type of specialised administrative body in the European Union * Directorate-General for External Security, the French external intelligence agency * Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence, the premier intelligence service of Pakistan and a division of Pakistan Army * Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India), India's civil safety watch and responsible for investigation for aviation incidents * General Intelligence Directorate (Jordan), the Jordanian state intelligence agency * Intelligence Directorate, the Cuban state intelligence agency * Veterinary Medicines Directorate, an agency of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (United Kingdom) * Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel), the Israeli Defence Force unit in charge upon collecting information in cooperation with the Mossad * Unit, the Norwegian directorate for information and communications te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Directorate For Imperial Manufactories
Directorate may refer to: Contemporary *Directorates of the Scottish Government * Directorate-General, a type of specialised administrative body in the European Union * Directorate-General for External Security, the French external intelligence agency * Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence, the premier intelligence service of Pakistan and a division of Pakistan Army * Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India), India's civil safety watch and responsible for investigation for aviation incidents * General Intelligence Directorate (Jordan), the Jordanian state intelligence agency * Intelligence Directorate, the Cuban state intelligence agency * Veterinary Medicines Directorate, an agency of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (United Kingdom) * Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel), the Israeli Defence Force unit in charge upon collecting information in cooperation with the Mossad * Unit, the Norwegian directorate for information and communications te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Directorate For The Palace Buildings
Directorate may refer to: Contemporary *Directorates of the Scottish Government * Directorate-General, a type of specialised administrative body in the European Union * Directorate-General for External Security, the French external intelligence agency * Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence, the premier intelligence service of Pakistan and a division of Pakistan Army * Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India), India's civil safety watch and responsible for investigation for aviation incidents * General Intelligence Directorate (Jordan), the Jordanian state intelligence agency * Intelligence Directorate, the Cuban state intelligence agency * Veterinary Medicines Directorate, an agency of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (United Kingdom) * Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel), the Israeli Defence Force unit in charge upon collecting information in cooperation with the Mossad * Unit, the Norwegian directorate for information and communications te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Directorate For Armaments
Directorate may refer to: Contemporary *Directorates of the Scottish Government * Directorate-General, a type of specialised administrative body in the European Union * Directorate-General for External Security, the French external intelligence agency * Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence, the premier intelligence service of Pakistan and a division of Pakistan Army * Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India), India's civil safety watch and responsible for investigation for aviation incidents * General Intelligence Directorate (Jordan), the Jordanian state intelligence agency * Intelligence Directorate, the Cuban state intelligence agency * Veterinary Medicines Directorate, an agency of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (United Kingdom) * Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel), the Israeli Defence Force unit in charge upon collecting information in cooperation with the Mossad * Unit, the Norwegian directorate for information and communications te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Directorate Of Education
The Guozijian,Yuan, 194. sometimes translated as the Imperial College, Imperial Academy, Imperial University, National Academy, or National University, was the national central institution of higher learning in Chinese dynasties after the Sui dynasty. It was the highest institution of academic research and learning in China's traditional educational system, with the function of administration of education. History Formerly it was called the Taixue, literally meaning "Imperial University". The Taixue for Gongsheng (''tribute students'') from the populace was part of Guozijian, along with Guozixue for noble students. The central schools of taixue were established as far back as 3 CE, when a standard nationwide school system was established and funded during the reign of Emperor Ping of Han. Since the Sui dynasty, it was called Guozijian. During the Ming dynasty, the Hongwu Emperor promoted the study of law, math, calligraphy, equestrianism, and archery at the Guozijian. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Directorate Of Astronomy
Directorate may refer to: Contemporary *Directorates of the Scottish Government * Directorate-General, a type of specialised administrative body in the European Union * Directorate-General for External Security, the French external intelligence agency * Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence, the premier intelligence service of Pakistan and a division of Pakistan Army * Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India), India's civil safety watch and responsible for investigation for aviation incidents * General Intelligence Directorate (Jordan), the Jordanian state intelligence agency * Intelligence Directorate, the Cuban state intelligence agency * Veterinary Medicines Directorate, an agency of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (United Kingdom) * Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel), the Israeli Defence Force unit in charge upon collecting information in cooperation with the Mossad * Unit, the Norwegian directorate for information and communications te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Five Dynasties Period
The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (), from 907 to 979, was an era of political upheaval and division in 10th-century Imperial China. Five dynastic states quickly succeeded one another in the Central Plain, and more than a dozen concurrent dynastic states were established elsewhere, mainly in South China. It was a prolonged period of multiple political divisions in Chinese imperial history. Traditionally, the era is seen as beginning with the fall of the Tang dynasty in 907 and reaching its climax with the founding of the Song dynasty in 960. In the following 19 years, Song gradually subdued the remaining states in South China, but the Liao dynasty still remained in China's north (eventually succeeded by the Jin dynasty), and the Western Xia was eventually established in China's northwest. Many states had been ''de facto'' independent long before 907 as the Tang dynasty's control over its officials waned, but the key event was their recognition as sovereign by forei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanford University Press
Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University. It is one of the oldest academic presses in the United States and the first university press to be established on the West Coast. It was among the presses officially admitted to the Association of American University Presses (now the Association of University Presses) at the organization's founding, in 1937, and is one of twenty-two current member presses from that original group. The press publishes 130 books per year across the humanities, social sciences, and business, and has more than 3,500 titles in print. History David Starr Jordan, the first president of Stanford University, posited four propositions to Leland and Jane Stanford when accepting the post, the last of which stipulated, “That provision be made for the publication of the results of any important research on the part of professors, or advanced students. Such papers may be issued from time to time as ‘Memoirs of the Leland Stanf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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