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Fischer-Chauvel Agreement
The Fischer-Chauvel Agreement was an agreement made in 1948 between the France, French and Israeli governments involving the status of a number of French institutions in the newly founded State of Israel and claimed by France as "'':fr:Domaine national français en Terre sainte, Domaine national français''". The agreement was signed for Israel by Maurice Fischer (1903–1965), an Israeli diplomat in France at the time. Israel holds the view that its 1948 Israeli Declaration of Independence, Declaration of Independence created a new international personality which is not a Succession of states, successor state of the Ottoman Empire or the British Mandate, and consequently it is only bound by those former international obligations affecting the territory as Israel might accept.''Commonwealth and Colonial Law'' by Kenneth Roberts-Wray, London, Stevens, 1966. P. 267. Under Israeli law, the Knesset must ratify international agreements before they become part of domestic law, which it has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its Metropolitan France, metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin (island), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tombs Of The Kings (Jerusalem)
The Tombs of the Kings ( ''Keveri HaMlakhim''; ; ) are a rock-cut funerary complex in East Jerusalem believed to be the burial site of Queen Helene of Adiabene (died c. AD 50–56), hence: Helena's Monuments. The tombs are located 820 meters (half a mile) north of Jerusalem's Old City walls in the Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood (Hebrew: ; Arabic: ) The grandeur of the site led to the belief that the tombs had once been the burial place of the kings of Judah, hence the name Tombs of the Kings; but the tombs are now associated with Queen Helena of Adiabene."Ancient Jerusalem's Funerary Customs and Tombs: Part Three, L. Y. Rahmani, The Biblical Archaeologist, Vol. 45, No. 1 (Winter, 1982), pp. 43-53 According to this theory, Queen Helena chose the site to bury her son Isates and others of her dynasty. More recent research by noted French scholar and Dominican monk Jean-Baptiste Humbert has concluded that the tomb was likely designed for Herod Agrippa I, the grandson of Herod the Great ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1948 In France
Events from the year 1948 in France. Incumbents *President: Vincent Auriol *President of the Council of Ministers: ** until 24 July: Robert Schuman ** 24 July-2 September: André Marie ** 2 September-11 September: Robert Schuman ** starting 11 September: Henri Queuille Events *17 March - Treaty of Brussels, is signed by Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, aimed mainly at defending against possible German rearmament. *5 September - Robert Schuman becomes Prime Minister of France. *7 October - Citroën 2CV economy car introduced at the Paris Motor Show. Sport *30 June - Tour de France begins. *25 July - Tour de France ends, won by Gino Bartali of Italy. Births *17 February - Philippe Khorsand, actor (died 2008) *10 March - Jean-Pierre Adams, international soccer player (died 2021) *11 March - Dominique Sanda, actress *9 April - Bernard-Marie Koltès, playwright and director (died 1989) *30 July - Jean Reno, actor *3 August - Jean-Pierre Raff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capitulations Of The Ottoman Empire
Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire were contracts between the Ottoman Empire and other powers in Europe, particularly France. Turkish capitulations, or Ahidnâmes were generally bilateral acts whereby definite arrangements were entered into by each contracting party towards the other, not mere concessions. The Turkish Capitulations were grants made by successive Sultans to Christian nations, conferring rights and privileges in favour of their subjects resident or trading in the Ottoman dominions, following the policy towards European states of the Byzantine Empire. According to these capitulations traders entering the Ottoman Empire were exempt from local prosecution, local taxation, local conscription, and the searching of their domicile. The capitulations were initially made during the Ottoman Empire's military dominance, to entice and encourage commercial exchange with Western merchants. However, after military dominance shifted to Europe, significant economic and polit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emmanuel Macron
Emmanuel Macron (; born 21 December 1977) is a French politician who has served as President of France since 2017. ''Ex officio'', he is also one of the two Co-Princes of Andorra. Prior to his presidency, Macron served as Minister of Economics, Industry and Digital Affairs under President François Hollande between 2014 and 2016. Born in Amiens, he studied philosophy at Paris Nanterre University, later completing a master's degree in public affairs at Sciences Po and graduating from the École nationale d'administration in 2004. Macron worked as a senior civil servant at the Inspectorate General of Finances and later became an investment banker at Rothschild & Co. Macron was appointed Élysée deputy secretary-general by President François Hollande shortly after his election in May 2012, making him one of Hollande's senior advisers. He was appointed to the Government of Prime Minister Manuel Valls as Minister of Economics, Industry and Digital Affairs in August 2014 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Chirac
Jacques René Chirac (, , ; 29 November 193226 September 2019) was a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007. Chirac was previously Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988, as well as Mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995. After attending the , Chirac began his career as a high-level civil servant, entering politics shortly thereafter. Chirac occupied various senior positions, including Minister of Agriculture and Minister of the Interior. In 1981 and 1988, he unsuccessfully ran for president as the standard-bearer for the conservative Gaullist party Rally for the Republic. Chirac's internal policies initially included lower tax rates, the removal of price controls, strong punishment for crime and terrorism, and business privatisation. After pursuing these policies in his second term as prime minister, he changed his views. He argued for different economic policies and was elected president in 1995, with 52.6% of the vot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ein Kerem
ar, عين كارم , settlement_type = Neighborhood of Jerusalem , image_skyline = Ein Karem IMG 0624.JPG , imagesize = 300px , image_caption = View of Ein Karem , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = , subdivision_type1 = District , subdivision_name1 = Jerusalem District , subdivision_type2 = City , subdivision_name2 = Jerusalem , established_title = Founded , established_date = Middle Bronze Age , population_footnotes = , population_as_of = 2017 , population_total = 1,620 , area_code_type = Area code Ein Karem ( he, עֵין כֶּרֶם, ''ʿEin Kerem'' lit. "Spring of the Vineyard"; in Arabic ''ʿAyn Kārim'';Sharon, 2004, p155/ref> also Ain Karem, Ein Kerem) is a historic mountain village southwest of Jerusalem, presently a neighborhood in the outskirts of the modern city, within the Jerusalem District. It is the site of the Hadassah Medical Center. Ein Karem was an important ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daughters Of Charity Of Saint Vincent De Paul
The Company of the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul ( la, Societas Filiarum Caritatis a Sancto Vincentio de Paulo), commonly called the Daughters of Charity or Sisters of Charity of Saint Vincent De Paul, is a Society of Apostolic Life for women within the Catholic Church. Its members make annual vows throughout their life, which leaves them always free to leave, without the need of ecclesiastical permission. They were founded in 1633 and state that they are devoted to serving the poor through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. They have been popularly known in France as "the Grey Sisters" from the color of their traditional religious habit, which was originally grey, then bluish grey. The 1996 publication ''The Vincentian Family Tree'' presents an overview of related communities from a genealogical perspective. They use the initials DC after their names. Since 20 April 2020, its Superior General is Françoise Petit. Foundation The institute was founde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Church Of Saint Anne, Jerusalem
la, Ecclesia S. Anna ar, كنيسة القديسة حنة he, כנסיית סנטה אנה , image = Jerusalem St Anna BW 2.JPG , caption = Exterior view , location = Old City of Jerusalem , geo= , religious_affiliation=Roman Catholic , province= , district= , consecration_year= , status= , leadership = White Fathers , website= , architect= , architecture_type = Romanesque , architecture_style= , facade_direction= , year_completed = 1138 , construction_cost= , specifications = no , capacity= , length= , width= , width_nave= , height_max= , dome_quantity= , dome_height_outer= , dome_height_inner= , dome_dia_outer= , dome_dia_inner= , minaret_quantity= , minaret_height= , spire_quantity= , spire_height= , materials= The Church of Saint Anne (french: Église Sainte-Anne, la, Ecclesia S. Anna, ar, كنيسة القديسة حنة, he, כנסיית סנטה אנה) is a French Roman Catholic church and French national domain located in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benedictine Monastery In Abu Ghosh
The Benedictine monastery in Abu Ghosh (St Mary of the Resurrection Abbey; french: Abbaye Sainte-Marie de la Résurrection d'Abu Gosh) is a monastery run by the Olivetan Benedictine order in Abu Ghosh, Israel. It is built on the foundations of the Crusader Church of the Resurrection, or Church of our Lord's Resurrection, It was established in the 12th century on top of Roman ruins in the center of Abu Ghosh, known by the Crusaders as Fontenoid. Until the 19th century, the Arabs called it Qaryet al-'Inab. The site was associated with Emmaus from the Gospel of Luke. France claims ownership of the land under the Ottoman capitulations and says this was formalised by the Fischer-Chauvel Agreement of 1948, which has not been ratified by Israel. History The late Romanesque/early Gothic-style church was built by the Hospitallers in 1140.Women of Bible lands: a pilgrimage to compassion and wisdom By Martha Ann Kirk, page 143 It was acquired by the French government in 1899 and pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea, and shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan to the east, and Egypt to the southwest. Israel also is bordered by the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively. Tel Aviv is the economic and technological center of the country, while its seat of government is in its proclaimed capital of Jerusalem, although Israeli sovereignty over East Jerusalem is unrecognized internationally. The land held by present-day Israel witnessed some of the earliest human occupations outside Africa and was among the earliest known sites of agriculture. It was inhabited by the Canaanites ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Church Of The Pater Noster
The Church of the Pater Noster (french: Église du Pater Noster) is a Roman Catholic church located on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem. It is part of a Carmelite monastery, also known as the Sanctuary of the Eleona (french: Domaine de l'Eleona). The Church of the Pater Noster stands right next to the ruins of the 4th-century Byzantine Church of Eleona. The ruins of the Eleona were rediscovered in the 20th century and its walls were partially rebuilt. Today, France claims ownership of the land on which both churches and the entire monastery are standing, under the Ottoman capitulations and further it claims the land as a French ''Domaine national'' which has been formalised by the Fischer-Chauvel Agreement of 1948, though the agreement has not been ratified by Israel’s Knesset. Biblical background The 2nd-century Acts of John mentions the existence of a cave on the Mount of Olives associated with the teachings of Jesus, but not specifically the Lord's Prayer. History Cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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