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Finnish Invasion Of Ladoga Karelia
The Finnish invasion of Ladoga Karelia was a military campaign carried out by Finland in 1941. Initial layout of forces At the start of the Continuation War the Finnish army was deployed in a defensive posture, but on June 29 Mannerheim created the Army of Karelia, commanded by Lt. Gen. Erik Heinrichs, and ordered it to prepare to attack Ladoga Karelia. The Army of Karelia consisted of VI Corps (the 5th and 11th Divisions), VII Corps (the 7th and 19th divisions) and Group Oinonen (also known as Group O, the Cavalry Brigade, and the 1st Jaeger Brigade and 2nd Jaeger Brigade). The Finnish 1st Division was kept in reserve. Lunde (2011) p. 158 The Finns planned to separate the defending Soviet forces by reaching the shore of Lake Ladoga and then to advance along the shores of the lake. Nenye (2016) p. 68 Opposing them were the Soviet 7th Army with the 168th Rifle Division near Sortavala and the 71st Rifle Division north of Jänisjärvi ("Hare Lake"). The Soviets had prepared fiel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Continuation War
The Continuation War, also known as the Second Soviet-Finnish War, was a conflict fought by Finland and Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union from 1941 to 1944, as part of World War II.; sv, fortsättningskriget; german: Fortsetzungskrieg. According to Finnish historian Olli Vehviläinen, the term 'Continuation War' was created at the start of the conflict by the Finnish government, to justify the invasion to the population as a continuation of the defensive Winter War and separate from the German war effort. He titled the chapter addressing the issue in his book as "Finland's War of Retaliation". Vehviläinen asserted that the reality of that claim changed when the Finnish forces crossed the 1939 frontier and started annexation operations. The US Library of Congress catalogue also lists the variants War of Retribution and War of Continuation (see authority control)., group="Note" In Soviet historiography, the war was called the Finnish Front of the Great Patriotic War.. Alter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vyartsilya
Vyartsilya (russian: Вя́ртсиля; fi, Värtsilä) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) under the administrative jurisdiction of the town of republic significance of Sortavala in the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located near the border with Finland, west of Petrozavodsk, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 3,080. History Before World War II, Vyartsilya was part of the Finnish Värtsilä. Urban-type settlement status was granted to it in 1946. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, the urban-type settlement of Vyartsilya is subordinated to the town of republic significance of Sortavala. As a municipal division, Vyartsilya is incorporated within Sortavalsky Municipal District as Vyartsilskoye Urban Settlement.Law #813-ZRK Border crossing Vyartsilya is a major border checkpoint on the Finnish–Russian border (to Niirala in Tohmajärvi), with about one million people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lake Ladoga
Lake Ladoga (; rus, Ла́дожское о́зеро, r=Ladozhskoye ozero, p=ˈladəʂskəjə ˈozʲɪrə or rus, Ла́дога, r=Ladoga, p=ˈladəɡə, fi, Laatokka arlier in Finnish ''Nevajärvi'' ; vep, Ladog, Ladoganjärv) is a freshwater lake located in the Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia, in the vicinity of Saint Petersburg. It is the largest lake located entirely in Europe, the second largest lake after Baikal in Russia, and the 14th largest freshwater lake by area in the world. ''Ladoga Lacus'', a methane lake on Saturn's moon Titan, is named after the lake. Etymology In one of Nestor's chronicles from the 12th century a lake called "the Great Nevo" is mentioned, a clear link to the Neva River and possibly further to Finnish ''nevo'' 'sea' or ''neva'' 'bog, quagmire'. Evgeny Pospelov: ''Geographical names of the world. Toponymic dictionary.'' Second edition. Astrel, Moscow 2001, pp. 106f. Ancient Norse sagas and Hanseatic tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petrozavodsk
Petrozavodsk (russian: Петрозаводск, p=pʲɪtrəzɐˈvotsk; Karelian, Vepsian and fi, Petroskoi) is the capital city of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, which stretches along the western shore of Lake Onega for some . The population of the city was 280,890 as of 2022. Etymology The name of the city is a combination of words Peter ( Peter the Great) and ''zavod'' (meaning factory). It was previously known as ''Shuysky Zavod'' (1703–1704) and ''Petrovskaya Sloboda'' (1704–1777), which was the first name of the city related to Peter the Great. It was renamed to Petrozavodsk after Catherine the Great granted the settlement the status of a city. An ancient Swedish name was ''Onegaborg'', known from a map from 1592 of the Flemish cartographer Abraham Ortelius, and hence translated to Finnish as ''Äänislinna'', a name used during the occupation of Eastern Karelia by Finnish forces during the Continuation War (1941–1944) in the context of World War II. Histor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
163rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
The 163rd Infantry Division (german: 163. Infanterie-Division) was a German Army infantry division in World War II. Formed in November 1939, it was engaged in the invasion of Norway the following year. It fought alongside the Finnish Army during Operation Barbarossa against the Soviet Union. During this time, the division's transit through neutral Sweden caused the Midsummer Crisis of 1941. The division spent most of the war in Finland, before being returned to Germany. It was destroyed in March 1945 in Pomerania by the First Polish Army, subordinated to the Soviet 1st Belorussian Front. History The 163rd Infantry Division was raised in November 1939. In April 1940 it was employed in the invasion of Norway, landing at Oslo, Kristiansand, Arendal, and Stavanger. It was troops from this division that was present on the heavy cruiser Blucher when it was sunk in the Battle of Drøbak Sound in the early hours of the invasion of Norway. Thereafter it remained on occupation duty in Norw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanko, Finland
Hanko (; sv, Hangö) is a port town and municipality on the south coast of Finland, west of Helsinki. Its current population is (). The town is bilingual, with a majority being Finnish speakers and a strong minority being Swedish speakers (). The skyline of Hanko is dominated by the church and the water tower. Both of them received their current appearance after World War II, as their predecessors were either damaged or destroyed by the Soviet Armed Forces. Geography The Hanko Peninsula, on which the city is located, is the southernmost tip of continental Finland. The soil is a sandy moraine, and vegetation consists mainly of pine and low shrubs, mostly ''Calluna''. Hanko is known for its beautiful archipelago. The town has a coastline of approximately , of which are sandy beaches. There are also over 90 small islands and islets within the city limits. Climate Hanko has a humid continental climate (Köppen ''Dfb''), similar to other locations in southern Finland with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanko Naval Base
Hanko Naval Base was a Soviet naval base from 1940 to 1941 in the town of Hanko at the Hankoniemi peninsula which is located 100 kilometers (62 mi) from Helsinki, the Finnish capital. History The Soviet Union had demanded from Finland a military base in the writing of regional exchange requirements just before outbreak of the Winter War from Hankoniemi peninsula. In October 1939 Geoffrey Cox was told that the Finnish General Staff were prepared to cede even the Petsamo area, but not Hanko, which they knew in Russian hands would be ''a pistol pressed into Finland’s back'', and which was the ''real key to the Gulf of Finland''. The Russians were prepared to hand over in return ''some territory just north of the Finnish “waist-line”: - stretches of forest of no military value.'' After the Winter War, in the early Spring of 1940, the Soviet Union repeated its call for a naval base in the Hankoniemi area. Finland's negotiation delegation was forced to agree to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
