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Fernando De Villanueva
Fernando de Villanueva y Armendaris (died May 17, 1679) was a Spanish soldier, judge and politician who served as governor of Spanish New Mexico between 1665 and 1668. Biography Military service Fernando Villanueva y Armendaris was born in the early 17th century in San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa. He was the son of Fernando de Villanueva y Armendaris and Clara de Irigoyen. In 1630 he was enlisted in the Spanish Royal Armada of Ocean Sea. In the army, he was earning a bonus of two gold ''escudos''. In 1634, after joining the Army of Catalonia, in the Crown of Aragon, he was promoted to the rank of alférez. As part of this army, Villanueva fought against the French Army in Leocata, Catalonia, in an attempt to protect it from the enemy siege. In April 1637, he joined the Spanish Royal Armada of the Indies, with whom he fought in the suppression of the Algarve. Later, he served as a soldier in the presidio of St. Martin, rising to the rank of lieutenant and later sergeant major. On ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Spanish Governors Of New Mexico
Spanish Governors of New Mexico were the political chief executives of the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México (New Mexico) between 1598, when it was established by an expedition by Juan de Oñate, and 1822, following Mexico's declaration of independence. New Mexico became a territory of the United States beginning in 1846, and a state in 1912. History In 1598, Juan de Oñate pioneered 'The Royal Road of the Interior Land', or ''El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro'', between Mexico City and the Tewa village of 'Ohkay Owingeh', or San Juan Pueblo, founding the Nuevo México Province under the authority of Philip II. He also founded the settlement ''(a Spanish pueblo)'' of San Juan on the Rio Grande near the Native American Pueblo. In 1610, Pedro de Peralta, then governor, established the settlement of Santa Fe in the region of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains on the Rio Grande. Missions were established for conversions and agricultural industry under the authority of the governo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anguilla
Anguilla ( ) is a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean. It is one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles, lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin. The territory consists of the main island of Anguilla, approximately long by wide at its widest point, together with a number of much smaller islands and cays with no permanent population. The territory's capital is The Valley. The total land area of the territory is , with a population of approximately (). Etymology The native Arawak name for the island was ''Malliouhana''. In reference to the island's shape, the Italian ', meaning "eel" (in turn, from the Latin diminutive of ''anguis'', "snake") was used as its name. History Anguilla was first settled by Indigenous Amerindian peoples who migrated from South America. The earliest Native American artefacts found on Anguilla have been dated to around 1300 BC; remains of settlements da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amerindian
The Indigenous peoples of the Americas are the inhabitants of the Americas before the arrival of the European settlers in the 15th century, and the ethnic groups who now identify themselves with those peoples. Many Indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers and many, especially in the Amazon basin, still are, but many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. While some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting, and gathering. In some regions, the Indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, city-states, chiefdoms, states, kingdoms, republics, confederacies, and empires. Some had varying degrees of knowledge of engineering, architecture, mathematics, astronomy, writing, physics, medicine, planting and irrigation, geology, mining, metallurgy, sculpture, and gold smithing. Many parts of the Americas are still populated by Indigenous peoples; some countries have s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acaponeta
Acaponeta is both a municipality and a town in the northern part of the Mexican state of Nayarit. The town is located at the geographical coordinates of . The population of the municipality was 34,665 in the 2005 census, living in a total area of 1,667.7 km² (643.9 sq mi). The population of the municipal seat was 18,066, the fifth-largest community in the state (after Tepic, Xalisco, Ixtlán del Río, and Tuxpan). The Acaponeta River flows through the town. See maps aan Acaponeta means, "Place near the river where the bean tangled in the reed-grows"; which is formed by joining the translation of the Tepehuano word Acaponeta (Caponeta) which means, "place near the river"; and the Nahuatl Acatl-pol-etl-tlan, which means, "place where the bean tangled in the reed grows". The climate is hot, subhumid, with the rainy season between June and September. The average annual rainfall is 1,307 mm., of which 92% is registered in the months of July to September. The average tem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autlán, New Spain
Autlan was a corregidor and alcaldia mayor of New Spain. It had its capital at what is now Autlán, Jalisco, but stretched southward to the coast at Puerto de la Navidad and northward into the interior as far as Ameca, Jalisco. This area was inhabited by many diverse people prior to the Spanish incursion. Among them were speakers of Western Otomi languages, Bapame, Auteco, Cuyoteco, Otontlatolli, Cazcan and Totonac. At the time of the Spanish incursion the area was divided between the states of Ahuacapan, Ameca, Apimila-Coyutla, Aohtlan, Atenco, Axotla, Ayaoquila, Ayotitlan, Ayotlan (with vassal territories at Tlepantequipa and Tenamaxtlan), Chipiltitlan, Cichuatlan, Cuetzalan, Epatalan (with vassal domains at Tetlixtla and Tzoquitlan), Instlichanga, Ixtlahuacan, Maloastla, Milpa Milpa is a crop-growing system used throughout Mesoamerica. It has been most extensively described in the Yucatán peninsula area of Mexico. The word ''milpa'' is derived fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alcalde Mayor
An ''alcalde mayor'' was a regional magistrate in Spain and its territories from, at least, the 14th century to the 19th century. These regional officials had judicial, administrative, military and legislative authority. Their judicial and administrative functions superseded those of an ''alcalde.'' Their area of territorial jurisdiction was called an alcaldía mayor. Judicial appeals from the decisions of an ''alcalde mayor'' were heard by an '' audiencia''. In New Spain (Mexico), ''alcaldes mayores'' were chief administrators in colonial-era administrative territories termed ''alcaldías mayores''; in colonial-era Peru the units were called ''corregimientos''.Mark A. Burkholder, "Alcalde Mayor" in ''Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture'', vol. 1, p. 45. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996. See also * Alcalde ordinario * Presidente municipal * Mayor * Sargento mayor * Corregidor * Cabildo * Regidor * Síndico * Ayuntamiento * Teniente a guerra * Corregimie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thirty Years War
The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, most destructive conflicts in History of Europe, European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battle, famine, and disease, while some areas of what is now modern Germany experienced population declines of over 50%. Related conflicts include the Eighty Years' War, the War of the Mantuan Succession, the Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659), Franco-Spanish War, and the Portuguese Restoration War. Until the 20th century, historians generally viewed it as a continuation of the religious struggle initiated by the 16th-century Reformation within the Holy Roman Empire. The 1555 Peace of Augsburg attempted to resolve this by dividing the Empire into Lutheranism, Lutheran and Catholic Church, Catholic states, but over the next 50 years the expansion of Protestantism beyond these ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quinto Real
The ''quinto real'' or the quinto del rey, the "King's fifth", was a 20% tax established in 1504 that Spain levied on the mining of precious metals. The tax was a major source of revenue for the Spanish monarchy. In 1723 the tax was reduced to 10%. Rather than levy the tax on the basis of the amount of silver or gold produced, the government tracked the amount of mercury used. Mercury was essential for the refinement of silver and gold in the patio process (see also amalgamation). The Spanish government had a monopoly of mercury production, through its mines at Almadén in Spain and at Huancavelica in Peru. In 1648 the Viceroy of Peru declared that Potosí and Huancavelica were "the two pillars that support this kingdom and that of Spain." Moreover, the viceroy thought that Spain could, if necessary, dispense with the silver from Potosí, but it could not dispense with the mercury from Huancavelica.Arthur Preston Whitaker, ''The Huancavelica Mercury Mine: A Contribution to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Pedro, Durango
San Pedro del Gallo is a town and seat of the municipality of San Pedro del Gallo, in the state of Durango, north-western Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema .... Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. Principales resultados por localidad 2005 (ITER). Retrieved on December 23, 2008 As of 2010, the town had a population of 634. References Populated places in Durango {{Durango-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guanaceví Municipality
Guanaceví is a municipality in the Mexican state State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our S ... of Durango. The municipal seat is at Guanaceví. The municipality covers an area of 5246.9 km2. In 2010, the municipality had a total population of 10,149, down from 10,224 in 2005. In 2010, the town of Guanaceví had a population of 2,908. Other than the town of Guanaceví, the municipality had 348 localities, none of which had a population over 1,000. References Municipalities of Durango {{Durango-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tepehuán People
The Tepehuán are an indigenous people of Mexico. They live in Northwestern, Western, and some parts of North-Central Mexico. The indigenous Tepehuán language has three branches: Northern Tepehuan, Southeastern Tepehuan, Southwestern Tepehuan. The heart of the Tepehuan territory is in the Valley of Guadiana in Durango, but they eventually expanded into southern Chihuahua, eastern Sinaloa, and northern Jalisco, Nayarit, and Zacatecas. By the time of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, Tepehuan lands spanned a large territory along the Sierra Madre Occidental. Tepehuán groups are divided into the Ódami (Northern Tepehuán), Audam (Southwestern Tepehuán), and O'dam (Southeastern Tepehuán), each with their own language, culture, and beliefs. Name ''Tepehuán'', alternately ''Tepeguán'', derives from the Nahuatl term ''Tēpēhuanih'', meaning "Mountain Dwellers" or "Mountain People". The ''tepe'' element comes from Nahuatle ''tepetl'' (mountains), and ''huan'' com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Mexico covers ,Mexico ''''. . making it the world's 13th-largest country by are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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