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Ferme Gauthier
The Ferme Gautier is a torture center established during the Algerian war in the commune of Souk El Had in Kabylia within Algeria. Creation This farm was created from 1872 when the farmer Gautier obtained an agricultural concession in Souk El Had after the spoliation and sequestration of land from local inhabitants after the end of the Mokrani Revolt. Agriculture This farm specializes in viniculture by planting Grand Noir de la Calmette vineyards for the production of grape varieties oriented for the wine fermentation cellars within the farm and winemaking process. The planting of vast orange groves to the north and east of the farm has made it possible to vary agricultural income while taking advantage of the abundance of water in Oued Isser. Algeria War After the Algerian revolution passed the course of its outbreak, the year 1956 saw the intensification of the Algerian attacks against French infrastructures in Lower Kabylia. This is how the villages of Souk El Had wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titouna
Titouna is a village in the Boumerdès Province in Kabylie, Algeria. Location The village is surrounded by Isser River and the towns of Souk El-Had, Thénia and Beni Amrane in the ''Khachna'' mountain range. Buildings * Ferme Gauthier The Ferme Gautier is a torture center established during the Algerian war in the commune of Souk El Had in Kabylia within Algeria. Creation This farm was created from 1872 when the farmer Gautier obtained an agricultural concession in Souk El ... Notable people Gallery File:Bienvenue à Souk El Had سوق الحد - panoramio.jpg, ''Titouna'' File:Souk El Had سوق الحد.jpg, ''Titouna'' File:Souk El Had - Chabet El Ameur سوق الحد - شعبة العامر 1.jpg, Road of ''Titouna'' File:Souk El Had - Chabet El Ameur سوق الحد - شعبة العامر 2.jpg, Road of ''Titouna'' File:Souk El Had سوق الحد - panoramio.jpg, Road of ''Titouna'' References Villages in Algeria Boumerdès Province Kabylie {{Boum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citrus × Sinensis
''Citrus'' × ''sinensis'' (sometimes written ''Citrus sinensis''), a hybrid between pomelo (''Citrus maxima'') and mandarin (''Citrus reticulata''), also known as the sweet oranges, is a commonly cultivated family of oranges that includes blood oranges and navel oranges. Uses The orange fruit is an important agricultural product, used for both the juicy fruit pulp and the aromatic peel (rind). Orange blossoms (the flowers) are used in several different ways, as are the leaves and wood of the tree. Flowers * The orange blossom, which is the state flower of Florida, is highly fragrant and traditionally associated with good fortune. It has long been popular in bridal bouquets and head wreaths. * Orange blossom essence is an important component in the making of perfume. * Orange blossom petals can also be made into a delicately citrus-scented counterpart to rosewater, known as "orange blossom water" or "orange flower water". It is a common ingredient in French and Middle Eastern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mujahideen
''Mujahideen'', or ''Mujahidin'' ( ar, مُجَاهِدِين, mujāhidīn), is the plural form of ''mujahid'' ( ar, مجاهد, mujāhid, strugglers or strivers or justice, right conduct, Godly rule, etc. doers of jihād), an Arabic term that broadly refers to people who engage in '' jihad'' (), interpreted in a jurisprudence of Islam as the fight on behalf of God, religion or the community (''ummah''). The widespread use of the word in English began with reference to the guerrilla-type militant groups led by the Islamist Afghan fighters in the Soviet–Afghan War (see Afghan mujahideen). The term now extends to other jihadist groups in various countries such as Myanmar (Burma), Cyprus, and the Philippines. Early history In its roots, the Arabic word ''mujahideen'' refers to any person performing '' jihad''. In its post-classical meaning, ''jihad'' refers to an act that is spiritually comparable in reward to promoting Islam during the early 600s CE. These acts could be a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algerian Revolution
The Algerian War, also known as the Algerian Revolution or the Algerian War of Independence,( ar, الثورة الجزائرية '; '' ber, Tagrawla Tadzayrit''; french: Guerre d'Algérie or ') and sometimes in Algeria as the War of 1 November, was fought between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front (french: Front de Libération Nationale – FLN) from 1954 to 1962, which led to Algeria winning its independence from France. An important decolonization war, it was a complex conflict characterized by guerrilla warfare and war crimes. The conflict also became a civil war between the different communities and within the communities. The war took place mainly on the territory of Algeria, with repercussions in metropolitan France. Effectively started by members of the National Liberation Front (FLN) on 1 November 1954, during the ("Red All Saints' Day"), the conflict led to serious political crises in France, causing the fall of the Fourth Republic (1946–58), to b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farm
A farm (also called an agricultural holding) is an area of land that is devoted primarily to agricultural processes with the primary objective of producing food and other crops; it is the basic facility in food production. The name is used for specialized units such as arable farms, vegetable farms, fruit farms, dairy, pig and poultry farms, and land used for the production of natural fiber, biofuel and other commodities. It includes ranches, feedlots, orchards, plantations and estates, smallholdings and hobby farms, and includes the farmhouse and agricultural buildings as well as the land. In modern times the term has been extended so as to include such industrial operations as wind farms and fish farms, both of which can operate on land or sea. There are about 570 million farms in the world, most of which are small and family-operated. Small farms with a land area of fewer than 2 hectares operate about 1% of the world's agricultural land, and family farms comprise about ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Évian Accords
The Évian Accords were a set of peace treaties signed on 18 March 1962 in Évian-les-Bains, France, by France and the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic, the government-in-exile of FLN (), which sought Algeria's independence from France. The Accords ended the 1954–1962 Algerian War with a formal cease-fire proclaimed for 19 March and formalized the status of Algeria as an independent nation and the idea of cooperative exchanges between the two countries. Content of Évian Accords The Évian Accords consisted of 93 pages of detailed agreements and arrangements. In essence these covered cease-fire arrangements, prisoner releases, the recognition of full sovereignty and right to self-determination of Algeria, in addition to guarantees of protection, non-discrimination and property rights for all Algerian citizens. A section dealing with military issues provided for the withdrawal of French forces over a period of two years, with the exception of those garriso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Liberation Army (Algeria)
The National Liberation Army or ALN ( ar, جيش التحرير الوطني الجزائري, translit=Jaīš al-taḥrīr al-waṭanī al-jazāʾirī; french: Armée de libération nationale) was the armed wing of the nationalist National Liberation Front of Algeria during the Algerian War. After Algeria won its independence from France in 1962, the ALN was converted into the regular Algerian People's National Armed Forces. History Algerian Revolution The (National Liberation Front) was established by the (Revolutionary Committee of Unity and Action) and organised in March 1954. Around two years later this group absorbed most but not all the Algerian nationalist organisations. It then re-organised itself and established a provisional government. This government included five members in executive and legislative bodies; all the members were district heads. During the ongoing war of independence in Algeria; Colonel Houari Boumedienne (the future President of Algeria) led the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Liberation Front (Algeria)
The National Liberation Front ( ar, جبهة التحرير الوطني ''Jabhatu l-Taḥrīri l-Waṭanī''; french: Front de libération nationale, FLN) is a nationalist political party in Algeria. It was the principal nationalist movement during the Algerian War and the sole legal and ruling political party of the Algerian state until other parties were legalised in 1989. The FLN was established in 1954 from a split in the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties from members of the Special Organisation paramilitary; its armed wing, the National Liberation Army, participated in the Algerian War from 1954 to 1962. After the Évian Accords of 1962, the party purged internal dissent and ruled Algeria as a one-party state. After the 1988 October Riots and the Algerian Civil War (1991–2002) against Islamist groups, the FLN was reelected to power in the 2002 Algerian legislative election, and has generally remained in power ever since, although sometimes needing to for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isser River
The Oued Isser is a river of Algeria. It begins in Médéa Province, is the main river, with Oued Sébaou of the Medea, which runs through the Lower Kabylie of Djurdjura (or the current province of Boumerdès) Wilaya of Bouira, then flows into the Mediterranean near the coastal town of Djinet in Lower Kabylia, attached to the province of Boumerdes. The Oued Isser derives its name from the Roman name Serbetes, but other documentary sources give the name Serbetes to the Oued Sébaou. The hydronymy of the Oued Isser is very interesting from the point of view of the various linguistic appellations that designate it (Berber, Latin, Arabic and French). Geography The Oued Isser is the receptacle of the waters of the southern slope of the Khachna massif and the Blida Atlas. In Draâ Tabel in the Beni Ostman, at 420 meters above sea level, it takes the name Oued Isser, which it keeps until its mouth in the Mediterranean Sea. Its sources sprout from a great number of points, almost al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pieds-Noirs
The ''Pieds-Noirs'' (; ; ''Pied-Noir''), are the people of French and other European descent who were born in Algeria during the period of French rule from 1830 to 1962; the vast majority of whom departed for mainland France as soon as Algeria gained independence or in the months following. From the French invasion on 18 June 1830 until its independence, Algeria was administratively part of France; its European population were simply called Algerians or ''colons'' (colonists), whereas the Muslim people of Algeria were called Arabs, Muslims or Indigenous. The term ''"pied-noir"'' began to be commonly used shortly before the end of the Algerian War in 1962. As of the last census in French-ruled Algeria, taken on 1 June 1960, there were 1,050,000 non-Muslim civilians (mostly Catholic, but including 130,000 Algerian Jews) in Algeria, 10 per cent of the population. During the Algerian War the ''Pieds-Noirs'' overwhelmingly supported colonial French rule in Algeria and were oppos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thénia
Thénia (), sometimes written as ''Thenia'', with around 40,000 inhabitants, is the chief town in the daïra of the same name, in the wilaya of Boumerdès, in northern Algeria. Historically, the name is a contraction of ''Theniet Beni Aicha'' (ثنية بني عائشة) "the mountain pass of the sons of Aisha", the Arabic translation of the Kabyle Berber toponym ''Tizi n At Ɛica''. The steep-sided pass, which is only about 800 metres wide at its narrowest point, is sometimes taken to mark the transition between Mitidja and Grande Kabylie. Villages The villages of the commune of ''Thénia'' are: Geography Thénia is located on the main road from Algiers to Constantine, about forty kilometres east of Algiers, about ten kilometres inland from the coast, at an altitude of 300 metres—an excerpt from the 1962 Michelin map of Algeria showing the location can be seehere Between the town and the coast, the scrub-covered Djebel bou Arous rises to a height of around 400 metres and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bouzid Boushaki , town and commune in Laghouat Province
{{surname, Bouzid ...
Bouzid is a name, primarily used in the Maghreb. It can be both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include: * Bouzid Mahyouz (born 1952), Algerian footballer * Adam Bouzid (born 1987), French-Algerian footballer * Ismaël Bouzid (born 1983), Algerian footballer * Lakdar Bouzid (born 1936), Tunisian modern pentathlete * Leyla Bouzid (born 1984), Tunisian screenwriter and film director * Nouri Bouzid (born 1945), Tunisian film director and screenwriter See also * Sidi Bouzid, Tunisian city * Sidi Bouzid, Algeria Sidi Bouzid, Algeria is a town and commune in Laghouat Province, Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algier ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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