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Feldmann Case
The Feldmann case ( no, Feldmannsaken) was a controversial criminal case in Norway in which two border guides admitted to killing an elderly Jewish couple during their escape from the Holocaust in Norway, and stealing their money. A jury acquitted the two of culpability for the killing, accepting their explanation that the couple endangered not just the mission but the viability of the escape route to Sweden. Prelude On October 22, 1942, a train on the Østfold Line bound for Halden included ten refugees bound for Sweden, of whom nine were Jewish. Also traveling were two border guides, Karsten Løvestad and Harry Pedersen, both of whom may have been wanted by the occupying authorities. Between Skjeberg and Døle stations (both are now closed for passenger traffic), Norwegian police came through the cars inspecting identification cards. Hermann Feldmann and Willy Schermann (two of the Jewish refugees) and Karsten Løvestad (one of the guides) were asked by Arne Hvam, a committed Nor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norway
Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of Norway. Bouvet Island, located in the Subantarctic, is a dependency of Norway; it also lays claims to the Antarctic territories of Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land. The capital and largest city in Norway is Oslo. Norway has a total area of and had a population of 5,425,270 in January 2022. The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden at a length of . It is bordered by Finland and Russia to the northeast and the Skagerrak strait to the south, on the other side of which are Denmark and the United Kingdom. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. The maritime influence dominates Norway's climate, with mild lowland temperatures on the se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Border Guide
A border guide ( no, grenselos, sv, gränslots) was a person that helped refugees from Norway escape over the Norway–Sweden border during the Second World War. There were probably over a thousand Norwegian border guides active during the Second World War. Men, women, and children served as border guides and assisted in guiding a total of 40,000 refugees to safety across the border in neutral Sweden. Background On the same day that Norway was attacked by Nazi Germany, some people started fleeing to Sweden. Initially this was relatively easy, with few controls. As the German occupation authorities gained control over the country in spring and summer 1940, control at the border intensified and border passports were issued to residents. With an increasing demand from people with various backgrounds to escape to Sweden, there was a need for local knowledge at the border to help refugees safely cross to the Swedish side. The Norwegian resistance movement gradually established syst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holocaust In Norway
The German occupation of Norway began on 9 April 1940. In 1942, there were at least 2,173 Jews in Norway. At least 775 of them were arrested, detained and/or deported. More than half of the Norwegians who died in camps in Germany were Jews. 742 Jews were murdered in the camps and 23 Jews died as a result of extrajudicial execution, murder and suicide during the war, bringing the total of Jewish Norwegian dead to at least 765, comprising 230 complete households. Many Jews survived by fleeing Norway, nearly two-thirds escaping. Of these, around 900 Jews were smuggled out of the country by the Norwegian resistance movement, mostly to Sweden but some also to the United Kingdom. Between 28 and 34 of those deported survived their continued imprisonment in camps (following their deportation)—and around 25 (of these) returned to Norway after the war. About 800 Norwegian Jews who had fled to Sweden returned after the war. Background The Jewish population in Norway was very small un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Østfold Line
The Østfold Line ( no, Østfoldbanen) is a railway line which runs from Oslo through the western parts of Follo and Østfold to Kornsjø in Norway. It continues through Sweden as the Norway/Vänern Line. The northern half is double track and the entire line is electrified. It serves a combination of commuter, regional and freight trains and is the main rail corridor in the south of Norway. The Follo Line runs parallel to the Østfold Line in tunnel. The Eastern Østfold Line branches off at Ski Station and runs before rejoining at Sarpsborg Station. The line opened as the Smaalenene Line () on 2 January 1879. Stations were designed by Peter Andreas Blix. It was the first railway in Norway to predominantly build bridges and viaducts with iron. The line underwent upgrades from 1910 through 1940 in which the section from Oslo to Ski received double track, the permitted weight and speeds were increased and the line was electrified. From 1989 to 1996 the section from Ski to Sandbuk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halden
Halden (), between 1665 and 1928 known as Fredrikshald, is both a town and a municipality in Viken county, Norway. The municipality borders Sarpsborg to the northwest, Rakkestad to the north and Aremark to the east, as well as the Swedish municipalities Strömstad, Tanum and Dals-Ed respectively to the southwest, south and southeast. The seat of the municipality, Halden is a border town located at the mouth of the Tista river on the Iddefjord, the southernmost border crossing between Norway and Sweden. The town of Halden is located about south of Oslo, north of Gothenburg, and east of the border crossing at Svinesund Bridge, Svinesund. History Evidence of early human settlements in this region of Norway have been found, particularly in the Svinesund area of the municipality where evidence of early settlements from the Nordic Bronze Age have been found. Named after a small farm ''Hallen'' ( en, "rise" or "slope") first mentioned in 1629, "Halden", became the city of ''Fred ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nasjonal Samling
Nasjonal Samling (, NS; ) was a Norwegian far-right political party active from 1933 to 1945. It was the only legal party of Norway from 1942 to 1945. It was founded by former minister of defence Vidkun Quisling and a group of supporters such as Johan Bernhard Hjortwho led the party's paramilitary wing (''Hirden'') for a short time before leaving the party in 1937 after various internal conflicts. The party celebrated its founding on 17 May, Norway's national holiday, but was founded on 13 May 1933. History Pre-war politics The party never gained direct political influence, but it made its mark on Norwegian politics nonetheless. Despite the fact that it never managed to get more than 2.5% of the vote and failed to elect even one candidate to the Storting, it became a factor by polarising the political scene. The established parties in Norway viewed it as a Norwegian version of the German Nazis, and generally refused to cooperate with it in any way. Several of its marches a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trøgstad
Trøgstad is a municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Skjønhaug. The municipality is divided into the parishes of Skjønhaug, Havnås and Båstad. The parish of ''Trygstad'' was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The scene of the crime for the World War II-era Feldmann case is at Skrikerudtjernet in Trøgstad. General information Name The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old ''Trøgstad'' farm (Old Norse: ''Þrygsstaðir'' and/or ''Þrjúgsstaðir''), since the first church was built here. The meaning of the first element is not known (maybe a male nickname) and the last element is ''staðir'' which means "homestead" or "farm". Prior to 1889, the name was written "Trygstad". Coat-of-arms The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 24 August 1979. The arms show an anvil and was chosen because Trøgstad historically was well known f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oskar Hasselknippe
Oskar Hasselknippe (18 January 1911 – 4 July 2001) was a Norwegian newspaper editor. He is known for his work in the Norwegian resistance movement and as editor of ''Verdens Gang'' during its swift ascent among Norwegian newspapers. Early life and World War II Hasselknippe was born in Biri as a son of car mechanic Lars Hasselknippe (1891–1946) and Paula Elvestad (1889–1979). He finished his secondary education in 1931, and worked as a journalist in ''Velgeren'' until 1938 (with interruptions while undergoing pilot training with the Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service and at civilian air schools), and then as subeditor in '' Ringerikes Blad''. When World War II reached Norway on 9 April 1940, with the German invasion, Hasselknippe fought for Norway as a lieutenant in the engineer corps. When the battles were over, Hasselknippe joined Milorg. He also got married in 1940, to technician Jenny Hansen (1907–1979). Besides Milorg resistance work, he continued in ''Ringerikes Blad'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verdens Gang
''Verdens Gang'' ("The course of the world"), generally known under the abbreviation ''VG'', is a Norwegian tabloid newspaper. In 2016, circulation numbers stood at 93,883, having declined from a peak circulation of 390,510 in 2002. ''VG'' is nevertheless the most read online newspaper in Norway, with about 2 million daily readers. Verdens Gang AS is a private company wholly owned by the public company Schibsted. History and profile ''VG'' was established by members of the Norwegian resistance movement shortly after the country was liberated from German occupation in 1945. The first issue of the paper was published on 23 June 1945. Christian A. R. Christensen was the first editor-in-chief of ''VG'' from its start in 1945 to 1967 when he died. ''VG'' is based in Oslo. The paper is published in tabloid format. The owner is the media conglomerate Schibsted, which also owns Norway's largest newspaper, ''Aftenposten'', as well as newspapers in Sweden and Estonia and shares in some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leo Eitinger
Leo Eitinger (12 December 1912 – 15 October 1996) was a Norwegian psychiatrist, author and educator. He was a Holocaust survivor who studied the late-onset psychological trauma experienced by people who went through separation and psychological pain early in life only to show traumatic experience decades later. He devoted a long period studying posttraumatic stress disorder among Holocaust survivors, which had led Holocaust survivors including Paul Celan (1920–1970), Primo Levi (1919–1987) and many others to commit suicide several decades after the experience. Eitinger was a pioneer of research into psychological trauma among refugees, and also laid the foundation for Norwegian military psychiatry research with emphasis on psychological trauma among soldiers. Early life Leo Eitinger was born in Lomnice, Austria-Hungary (today South Moravian Region, Czech Republic). He grew up as the youngest of six siblings in a Jewish middle class home as the son of Salomon Eitinger ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bente Erichsen
Bente Erichsen (born 7 January 1949) is a Norwegian culture director and the current (and inaugural) Director of the Nobel Peace Center. A former journalist and commercials producer, Erichsen started her career as feature film producer in 1979. By 1998 she had produced 17 features, in addition to directing ''Over grensen'' (''The Feldmann Case'', 1987) and ''People and Robbers of Cardemom Town'' (1988), as well as a number short films. Erichsen was also the founder of the Amanda Award (The Norwegian film award) and a co-founder of Heddaprisen (The Norwegian Theatre Award). From 1991 to 1993 Erichsen headed the culture programme of the 1994 Olympic Winter Games in Norway. She was director of Hedmark Theatre from 1993 to 1997 and director of Norway's National Touring Theatre from 1997 to 2005. In 2005 she became the first director of the Nobel Peace Center. Erichsen has held board positions at numerous film and theatre institutions, and since 2006 has been chair of Amnesty In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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