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Federal Laboratories Inc.
Federal Laboratories (often FedLabs or Federal Labs) was a company that manufactured tear gas and less-lethal riot guns, including the popular Federal Riot Gun, based in New Jersey and established in the early part of the 20th century. History of use Civil order in the United States In the 1930s, custom gas guns by FedLabs were adopted by the New York Prison department, following a sales pitch made before the APA by the president of FedLabs in Baltimore in 1931. Also in the 1930s, Federal Laboratories actively worked to sell gas guns for the purpose of strikebreaking, with one FedLabs representative firing a tear gas grenade during the 1934 West Coast waterfront strike, resulting in the death of a striker due to skull fracture. Auerbach notes, however, that despite FedLabs stated opposition to "communist" strikers, the firm continued to sell tear gas to the Soviet Union even during 1933. World War II During World War II, the company's factory near Saltsburg, PA along Tunnelton ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gas Gun firearm mechanism
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A gas gun may refer to: * A projectile-firing gun powered by compressed air: ** Air gun ** Airsoft gun (in particular a gas blowback airsoft gun) * Devices described as pneumatic cannons: ** Dynamite gun ** Holman Projector ** M61 Vulcan (also hydraulically operated) ** Potato cannon * Certain non-lethal or less-lethal firearms: ** Gas pistol ** Riot gun, especially when loaded with CS gas grenades ** Vortex ring gun * A gun that fires a stream of gas. This can be for these purposes among others: ** To generate a loud noise as a bird scarer ** For astronaut propulsion in outer space ** Light-gas gun, a velocity-generating device used in physics experiments * A gas-operated Gas-operation is a system of operation used to provide energy to operate locked breech, autoloading firearms. In gas-operation, a portion of high-pressure gas from the cartridge being fired is used to power a mechanism to dispose of the spent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tear Gas
Tear gas, also known as a lachrymator agent or lachrymator (), sometimes colloquially known as "mace" after the early commercial aerosol, is a chemical weapon that stimulates the nerves of the lacrimal gland in the eye to produce tears. In addition, it can cause severe eye and respiratory pain, skin irritation, bleeding, and blindness. Common lachrymators both currently and formerly used as tear gas include pepper spray (OC gas), PAVA spray (nonivamide), CS gas, CR gas, CN gas (phenacyl chloride), bromoacetone, xylyl bromide and Mace (a branded mixture). While lachrymatory agents are commonly deployed for riot control by law enforcement and military personnel, its use in warfare is prohibited by various international treaties.E.g. the Geneva Protocol of 1925 prohibited the use of "asphyxiating gas, or any other kind of gas, liquids, substances or similar materials". During World War I, increasingly toxic and deadly lachrymatory agents were used. The short and long-term effec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riot Gun
In current usage, a riot gun or less-lethal launcher is a type of firearm used to fire "non-lethal" or "less-lethal" ammunition for the purpose of suppressing riots or apprehending suspects with minimal harm or risk. Less-lethal launchers may be special purpose firearms designed for riot control use, or standard firearms, usually shotguns and grenade launchers, adapted for riot control use with appropriate ammunition. The ammunition is most commonly found in 12 gauge (18.5 mm/.729 inches) shotguns and 37mm/40 mm (1.46 inches/1.57 inches) grenade launchers. In the United States, the term ''riot gun'' more commonly refers to a riot shotgun. Ammunition Less-lethal launchers can fire various sorts of ammunition, including: *Impact projectiles, which rely on kinetic energy, such as baton rounds, bean bag rounds, or rubber bullets *Tear gas cartridge *Pepper spray * Stun rounds *Smoke round *Less-lethal shotgun shells *Less-lethal grenades *Sound-emitting projectiles *GLIMPS ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Riot Gun
The Federal Riot Gun (FRG) is a firearm made by Federal Laboratories Inc., designed to fire non-lethal munitions. Its ammunition includes 37 and 38mm baton and tear gas rounds. The baton rounds were cylindrical, rubber projectiles. The most popular model, 37-mm M201-Z, has a distinctive ringed barrel. History Introduced in the 1930s by Federal Laboratories Inc., of Pennsylvania, the FRG became the standard riot gun used by the British Army throughout The Troubles in Northern Ireland. A single-shot weapon, which breaks open by unlocking a catch at the top, it has since been replaced in British use by the multiple-shot ARWEN 37 revolver. It was also issued by the Canadian Army, subsequently the Canadian Armed Forces. Non-lethal design Fired at a relatively low velocity, the baton rounds are intended to knock rioters down, or momentarily stun them, but not to cause serious injury or death. Field experience Safe operating procedures in the British Army eventually ruled out f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strikebreaking
A strikebreaker (sometimes called a scab, blackleg, or knobstick) is a person who works despite a strike. Strikebreakers are usually individuals who were not employed by the company before the trade union dispute but hired after or during the strike to keep the organization running. Strikebreakers may also refer to workers (union members or not) who cross picket lines to work. The use of strikebreakers is a worldwide phenomenon; many countries have passed laws outlawing their use to give more power to unionized workers. , strikebreakers were used far more frequently in the United States than in other industrialized countries. International law The right to strike is not expressly mentioned in any convention of the International Labour Organization (ILO) the ILO's Freedom of Association Committee established principles on the right to strike through rulings. Among human rights treaties, only the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights contains a clause ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1934 West Coast Waterfront Strike
The 1934 West Coast Waterfront Strike (also known as the 1934 West Coast Longshoremen's Strike, as well as a number of variations on these names) lasted 83 days, and began on May 9, 1934 when longshoremen in every US West Coast port walked out. Organized by the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU), the strike peaked with the death of two workers on "Bloody Thursday" and the San Francisco General Strike which stopped all work in the major port city for four days and led ultimately to the settlement of the West Coast Longshoremen's Strike. The result of the strike was the unionization of all of the West Coast ports of the United States. The San Francisco General Strike of 1934, along with the Toledo Auto-Lite Strike of 1934 led by the American Workers Party and the Minneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934 led by the Communist League of America, were catalysts for the rise of industrial unionism in the 1930s, much of which was organized through the Congress of Indust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saltsburg, PA
Saltsburg is a borough in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, United States. Its location is in western Pennsylvania, in the southwestern corner of Indiana County near its border with Westmoreland County. The town was based on the construction of salt wells and the canals and railroad tracks that passed through it. Its population was 780 at the 2020 census. History On June 20, 1769, William Gray conducted the first survey in the Saltsburg area. Early settlers of the wooded region were mainly Scots-Irish immigrants, migrating west between 1768 and 1795. The settlers did not colonize the area near the Kiskiminetas River until 1795 because of Native Americans defending their land. The name 'Saltsburg' was adopted because of the salt grain that flourished in the area. Around the years 1795–1798, a Mrs. Deemer was the first settler to prove salt was present in the Conemaugh River, about one mile above Saltsburg's present site, in the town now known as Moween. Deemer produced a sample ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Troubles
The Troubles ( ga, Na Trioblóidí) were an ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland that lasted about 30 years from the late 1960s to 1998. Also known internationally as the Northern Ireland conflict, it is sometimes described as an "irregular war" or "Low-intensity conflict, low-level war". The conflict began in the late 1960s and is usually deemed to have ended with the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. Although the Troubles mostly took place in Northern Ireland, at times violence spilled over into parts of the Republic of Ireland, England and mainland Europe. The conflict was primarily political and nationalistic, fuelled by historical events. It also had an Ethnic group, ethnic or sectarian dimension but despite use of the terms 'Protestant' and 'Catholic' to refer to the two sides, it was not a Religious war, religious conflict. A key issue was the Partition of Ireland, status of Northern Ireland. Unionism in Ireland, Unionists and Ulster loyalism, loyalists, who for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland ( ga, Tuaisceart Éireann ; sco, label= Ulster-Scots, Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is variously described as a country, province or region. Northern Ireland shares an open border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland. In 2021, its population was 1,903,100, making up about 27% of Ireland's population and about 3% of the UK's population. The Northern Ireland Assembly (colloquially referred to as Stormont after its location), established by the Northern Ireland Act 1998, holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters, while other areas are reserved for the UK Government. Northern Ireland cooperates with the Republic of Ireland in several areas. Northern Ireland was created in May 1921, when Ireland was partitioned by the Government of Ireland Act 1920, creating a devolved government for the six northeastern counties. As was intended, Northern Ireland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palestinian Territories
The Palestinian territories are the two regions of the former British Mandate for Palestine that have been militarily occupied by Israel since the Six-Day War of 1967, namely: the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and the Gaza Strip. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) has referred to the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, as "the Occupied Palestinian Territory", and this term was used as the legal definition by the ICJ in its advisory opinion of July 2004. The term occupied Palestinian territory was used by the United Nations and other international organizations between October 1999 and December 2012 to refer to areas controlled by the Palestinian National Authority, but from 2012, when Palestine was admitted as one of its non-member observer states, the United Nations started using exclusively the name State of Palestine. The European Union (EU) also adopts the term occupied Palestinian territory, with a parallel term Palestinian Authority territories also occasion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mace Security International
Mace Security International, Inc. () is an American manufacturer of personal safety and security products such as the widely recognized Mace pepper spray as well as stun guns, personal alarms, and products for the law enforcement and private security markets. History * 1965: Chemical Mace was invented in 1965 by Allan Lee Litman, founder and co-owner of Pittsburgh-based ''General Ordinance Equipment Corporation'' (GOEC), after his wife, Doris, was threatened on the street. Retrieved Wednesday, 26 October 2016 * 1987: The company was sold to Smith & Wesson and then transferred to new owner, Jon E. Goodrich, in April 1987, along with the rest of Smith & Wesson's chemical division. In 1987 Mace filed for assignment of the ownership of the MACE brand trademark. * 1993: The company changed the name of ''Mark Sport'', Inc to ''Mace Security International'', Inc. That same year in September, Mace had its initial public offering on the Nasdaq National Market System, trading under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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