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FNRS-3
The ''FNRS-3'' or ''FNRS III'' is a bathyscaphe of the French Navy. It is currently preserved at Toulon. She set world depth records, competing against a more refined version of her design, the ''Trieste''. The French Navy eventually replaced her with the bathyscaphe '' FNRS-4'', in the 1960s.Paine, Lincoln P. (1997). ''Ships of the World''. Houghton Mifflin. p. 188. After damage to the ''FNRS-2'' during its sea trials in 1948, the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS) ran out of funding, and the submersible was sold to the French Navy, in 1950. She was subsequently substantially rebuilt and improved at Toulon naval base, and renamed ''FNRS-3''.''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2010 Online, 9 September 2010 (accessed 9 September 2010) She was relaunched in 1953, under the command of Georges Houot, a French naval officer. On 15 February 1954, she made a dive 160 miles off Dakar, Senegal, in the Atlantic Ocean, beating Piccard's 1953 record, set by the ''Trieste'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FNRS-2
The ''FNRS-2'' was the first bathyscaphe. It was created by Auguste Piccard. Work started in 1937 but was interrupted by World War II. The deep-diving submarine was finished in 1948. The bathyscaphe was named after the Belgian Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), the funding organization for the venture. FNRS also funded the '' FNRS-1'' which was a balloon that set a world altitude record, also built by Piccard. The ''FNRS-2'' set world diving records, besting those of the bathyspheres, as no unwieldy cable was required for diving. It was in turn bested by a more refined version of itself, the bathyscaphe ''Trieste''. ''FNRS-2'' was built from 1946 to 1948. It was damaged during sea trials in 1948, off the Cape Verde Islands.''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2010 Online, 9 September 2010 (accessed 9 September 2010) ''FNRS-2'' was sold to the French Navy when FNRS funding ran low, in 1948. The French rebuilt and rebaptised it ''FNRS-3''. It was eventually replaced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bathyscaphe
A bathyscaphe ( or ) is a free-diving self-propelled deep-sea submersible, consisting of a crew cabin similar to a bathysphere, but suspended below a float rather than from a surface cable, as in the classic bathysphere design. The float is filled with gasoline because it is readily available, buoyant, and, for all practical purposes, incompressible. The incompressibility of the gasoline means the tanks can be very lightly constructed, since the pressure inside and outside the tanks equalises, eliminating any differential. By contrast, the crew cabin must withstand a huge pressure differential and is massively built. Buoyancy at the surface can be trimmed easily by replacing gasoline with water, which is denser. Auguste Piccard, inventor of the first bathyscaphe, composed the name ''bathyscaphe'' using the Ancient Greek words βαθύς ''bathys'' ("deep") and σκάφος ''skaphos'' ("vessel"/"ship"). Mode of operation To descend, a bathyscaphe floods air tanks with se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trieste-class Deep-submergence Vehicle
A deep-submergence vehicle (DSV) is a deep-diving crewed submersible that is self-propelled. Several navies operate vehicles that can be accurately described as DSVs. DSVs are commonly divided into two types: research DSVs, which are used for exploration and surveying, and DSRVs (Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle), which can be used for rescuing the crew of a sunken navy submarine, clandestine (espionage) missions (primarily installing wiretaps on undersea communications cables), or both. DSRVs are equipped with docking chambers to allow personnel ingress and egress via a manhole. The real-life feasibility of any DSRV-based rescue attempt is hotly debated, because the few available docking chambers of a stricken submarine may be flooded, trapping the sailors still alive in other dry compartments. The only attempt to rescue a stricken submarine with these so far (the Russian submarine ''Kursk'') ended in failure as the entire crew who survived the explosion had either suffocated or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deep-submergence Vehicle
A deep-submergence vehicle (DSV) is a deep-diving crewed submersible that is self-propelled. Several navies operate vehicles that can be accurately described as DSVs. DSVs are commonly divided into two types: research DSVs, which are used for exploration and surveying, and DSRVs (Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle), which can be used for rescuing the crew of a sunken navy submarine, clandestine (espionage) missions (primarily installing wiretaps on undersea communications cables), or both. DSRVs are equipped with docking chambers to allow personnel ingress and egress via a manhole. The real-life feasibility of any DSRV-based rescue attempt is hotly debated, because the few available docking chambers of a stricken submarine may be flooded, trapping the sailors still alive in other dry compartments. The only attempt to rescue a stricken submarine with these so far (the Russian submarine ''Kursk'') ended in failure as the entire crew who survived the explosion had either suffocated or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Houot
Georges Houot (29 August 1913 – 7 August 1977) was a French naval officer and commander of a bathyscaphe unit. Biography He was born in Paris and educated at the Prytanée militaire military school at La Flèche in the Pays de la Loire region. In 1933 he entered the Naval College near Brest in Brittany where he trained to be a torpedo officer. As an officer he served on the cruiser ''Gloire'' from 1940 to 1941, the destroyer ''Hardi'' in 1942 and the frigates ''Croix-de-Lorraine'' (1945–47) and ''Lac Pavin'' (1947–49). In 1949, Houot succeeded Jacques Cousteau as commander of the underwater research vessel, ''Élie Monnier'', which was used for exploring the sea bed. In spite of suffering from the after-effects of polio he took part in the diving activities of the men under his command and developed an interest in underwater research. In 1951 he was chosen to direct the trials of the ''FNRS III'' bathyscaphe, and in 1953 was given overall command of the bathyscaphes. O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Challenger Deep
The Challenger Deep is the deepest-known point of the seabed of Earth, with a depth of by direct measurement from deep-diving submersibles, remotely operated underwater vehicles and benthic landers, and (sometimes) slightly more by sonar bathymetry. The Challenger Deep is located in the western Pacific Ocean, at the southern end of the Mariana Trench, near the Mariana Islands. According to the August 2011 version of the GEBCO Gazetteer of Undersea Feature Names, the Challenger Deep is deep at . This location is in the ocean territory of the Federated States of Micronesia. The depression is named after the British Royal Navy survey ship , whose expedition of 1872–1876 made the first recordings of its depth. The high water pressure at this depth makes designing and operating exploratory craft difficult. The first descent by any vehicle was by Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh in the manned bathyscaphe ''Trieste'' in January 1960; unmanned visits followed in 1996, 1998 and 2009. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ships Built In France
A ship is a large watercraft that travels the world's oceans and other sufficiently deep waterways, carrying cargo or passengers, or in support of specialized missions, such as defense, research, and fishing. Ships are generally distinguished from boats, based on size, shape, load capacity, and purpose. Ships have supported exploration, trade, warfare, migration, colonization, and science. After the 15th century, new crops that had come from and to the Americas via the European seafarers significantly contributed to world population growth. Ship transport is responsible for the largest portion of world commerce. The word ''ship'' has meant, depending on the era and the context, either just a large vessel or specifically a ship-rigged sailing ship with three or more masts, each of which is square-rigged. As of 2016, there were more than 49,000 merchant ships, totaling almost 1.8 billion dead weight tons. Of these 28% were oil tankers, 43% were bulk carriers, and 13% were co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Submarines Of The French Navy
A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability. The term is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely operated vehicles and robots, as well as medium-sized or smaller vessels, such as the midget submarine and the wet sub. Submarines are referred to as ''boats'' rather than ''ships'' irrespective of their size. Although experimental submarines had been built earlier, submarine design took off during the 19th century, and they were adopted by several navies. They were first widely used during World War I (1914–1918), and are now used in many navies, large and small. Military uses include attacking enemy surface ships (merchant and military) or other submarines, and for aircraft carrier protection, blockade running, nuclear deterrence, reconnaissance, conventional land attack (for example, using a cruise missile), and covert insertion of spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Popular Mechanics
''Popular Mechanics'' (sometimes PM or PopMech) is a magazine of popular science and technology, featuring automotive, home, outdoor, electronics, science, do-it-yourself, and technology topics. Military topics, aviation and transportation of all types, space, tools and gadgets are commonly featured. It was founded in 1902 by Henry Haven Windsor, who was the editor and—as owner of the Popular Mechanics Company—the publisher. For decades, the tagline of the monthly magazine was "Written so you can understand it." In 1958, PM was purchased by the Hearst Corporation, now Hearst Communications. In 2013, the US edition changed from twelve to ten issues per year, and in 2014 the tagline was changed to "How your world works." The magazine added a podcast in recent years, including regular features ''Most Useful Podcast Ever'' and ''How Your World Works''. History ''Popular Mechanics'' was founded in Chicago by Henry Haven Windsor, with the first issue dated January 11, 1902. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archimède
The bathyscaphe ''Archimède'' is a deep diving research submersible of the French Navy. It used of hexane as the gasoline buoyancy of its float. It was designed by Pierre Willm and Georges Houot. In 1964, ''Archimède'' descended into "what was then thought to be the deepest part of the Puerto Rico Trench", which the NY Times reported as . On 21 December 2018, a dive by Victor Vescovo in the DSV Limiting Factor found the "true bottom" of the Atlantic Ocean to be , in the first manned descent to the deepest "verified bottom" of the Atlantic Ocean. ''Archimède'' was christened on 27 July 1961, at the French Navy base of Toulon. It was designed to go beyond , and displaced 61 tons. In October 1961, ''Archimède'' passed its first dive tests, diving to unmanned. On 27 November 1961, ''Archimède'' achieved a speed of , over a distance of at a depth of in the Mediterranean Sea. On 23 May 1962, ''Archimède'' descended to off Honshu, Japan, in the Pacific, at the Japan D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trieste II (Bathyscaphe)
''Trieste II'' (DSV-1) was the successor to ''Trieste''—the United States Navy's first bathyscaphe purchased from its Swiss designers. History The original ''Trieste'' design was heavily modified by the Naval Electronics Laboratory in San Diego, California and built at the Mare Island Naval Shipyard. ''Trieste II'' incorporated the original Terni, Italian-built sphere used in ''Trieste'', after it was made redundant by the new high-pressure sphere cast by the German Krupp Steelworks. The ''Trieste'' sphere was suspended from an entirely new float, more seaworthy and streamlined than the original but operating on identical principles. Completed in early 1964, ''Trieste II'' was placed on board USNS ''Francis X. McGraw'' (T-AK241) and shipped, via the Panama Canal, to Boston. Commanded by Lt Comdr. John B. Mooney Jr., with co-pilot Lt. John H. Howland and Capt. Frank Andrews, ''Trieste II'' conducted dives in the vicinity of the loss site of —operations commenced by the fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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