Frederik Bang
Frederik Barry Bang (1916–1981) was an American medical researcher who developed the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test for bacterial endotoxins. He was influential in applying marine biology to medical research, especially immunology. Biography Frederik Bang attended Johns Hopkins University earning an A.B. in 1935 and went on at the university's School of Medicine receiving his MD in 1939. Bang continued at the university as a researcher with his first faculty post as assistant professor of medicine in 1946. In 1953, he was named chairman of the department of parasitology at the School of Hygiene. He was director of the university's Centers for Medical Research Training in India and Bangladesh from 1961 to 1976. Along with a colleague, Jack Levin, Bang is remembered for his development of the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL). The LAL test could be used to find bacterial endotoxins using horseshoe crab blood, which is blue. Based upon their observations, they found that ...
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Betsy Bang
Betsy Bang ''née'' Garrett (1912–2003) was an American biologist, scientific and medical illustrator. She also translated folk tales from Bengali to English. Her scientific work was notable for her finding that many bird species have a sense of smell, a question that had long remained unsettled. Her works included ''Functional Anatomy of the Olfactory System in 23 Orders of Birds'', published in 1971''.'' Biography Born in Lancaster, North Carolina, Betsy Garrett was raised in Washington D.C., enrolled in public schools there and earned her bachelor's degree from George Washington University in 1933. She moved to Baltimore and studied medical illustration at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine with Max Broedel, "the world-renowned medical illustrator who was credited with bringing 'art to medicine'." She took to scientific research in ornithology late in life. Through her detailed dissections, she uncovered the olfactory systems in many bird species. Indian folk ...
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Pathology
Pathology is the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when used in the context of modern medical treatment, the term is often used in a narrower fashion to refer to processes and tests that fall within the contemporary medical field of "general pathology", an area which includes a number of distinct but inter-related medical specialties that diagnose disease, mostly through analysis of tissue, cell, and body fluid samples. Idiomatically, "a pathology" may also refer to the predicted or actual progression of particular diseases (as in the statement "the many different forms of cancer have diverse pathologies", in which case a more proper choice of word would be " pathophysiologies"), and the affix ''pathy'' is sometimes used to indicate a state of disease in cases of both physical ailment (as in cardiomy ...
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Medical Researchers
Medical research (or biomedical research), also known as experimental medicine, encompasses a wide array of research, extending from " basic research" (also called ''bench science'' or ''bench research''), – involving fundamental scientific principles that may apply to a ''preclinical'' understanding – to clinical research, which involves studies of people who may be subjects in clinical trials. Within this spectrum is applied research, or translational research, conducted to expand knowledge in the field of medicine. Both clinical and preclinical research phases exist in the pharmaceutical industry's drug development pipelines, where the clinical phase is denoted by the term ''clinical trial''. However, only part of the clinical or preclinical research is oriented towards a specific pharmaceutical purpose. The need for fundamental and mechanism-based understanding, diagnostics, medical devices, and non-pharmaceutical therapies means that pharmaceutical rese ...
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Johns Hopkins University Alumni
Johns may refer to: Places * Johns, Mississippi, an unincorporated community * Johns, Oklahoma, United States, a community * Johns Creek (Chattahoochee River), Georgia, United States * Johns Island (other), islands in Canada and the United States * Johns Mountain, a summit in Georgia * Johns River (other) * Johns River (Vermont), a tributary of Lake Memphremagog * Johns Township, Appanoose County, Iowa, United States Other uses * Johns (surname) * Johns Hopkins (1795–1873), American entrepreneur, investor and philanthropist * ''johns'' (film), a 1996 film starring David Arquette and Lukas Haas See also * John (other) * Justice Johns (other) Justice Johns may refer to: * Charles A. Johns (1857–1932), associate justice of the Oregon Supreme Court * Kensey Johns (judge) (1759–1848), chief justice of the Delaware Supreme Court {{disambiguation, tndis ...

1981 Deaths
Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The FMLN launches its first major offensive, gaining control of most of Morazán and Chalatenango departments. * January 15 – Pope John Paul II receives a delegation led by Polish Solidarity leader Lech Wałęsa at the Vatican. * January 20 – Iran releases the 52 Americans held for 444 days, minutes after Ronald Reagan is sworn in as the 40th President of the United States, ending the Iran hostage crisis. * January 21 – The first DeLorean automobile, a stainless steel sports car with gull-wing doors, rolls off the production line in Dunmurry, Northern Ireland. * January 24 – An earthquake of magnitude in Sichuan, China, kills 150 people. Japan suffers a less serious earthquake on the same day. * January 25 – In South Africa the largest part of the tow ...
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