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François Jacques (historian)
François Jacques (5 February 1946 – 3 May 1992) was a French historian and a specialist on Ancient Rome. His work focused on municipal life of the Roman Empire and profoundly contributed to a renewal of the historical perspectives on this issue. Career After he obtained the agrégation of history, he taught at the University of Reims as lecturer and then he was appointed professor at the University of Nantes in 1981 and Lille in 1985. His State doctoral thesis was defended in 1980 under the direction of André Chastagnol. François Jacques was also a student of Hans-Georg Pflaum. His analyzes on municipal life, especially the book based on his State doctorate, ''Le privilège de liberté'' (1984), helped establish the idea of the vitality of the municipal civilization under the Roman Empire. He did this by stressing maintaining the autonomy of the cities and by challenging a historiography which emphasized primarily the interference of the central government. Bibliograp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bourges
Bourges () is a commune in central France on the river Yèvre. It is the capital of the department of Cher, and also was the capital city of the former province of Berry. History The name of the commune derives either from the Bituriges, the name of the original inhabitants, or from the Germanic word ''Burg'' (French: ''bourg''; Spanish: ''burgo''; English, others: ''burgh'', ''berg'', or ''borough''), for "hill" or "village". The Celts called it ''Avaricon''; Latin-speakers: ''Avaricum''. In the fourth century BC, as in the time of Caesar, the area around it was the center of a Gallic (Celtic) confederacy. In 52 BC, the sixth year of the Gallic Wars, while the Gauls implemented a scorched-earth policy to try to deny Caesar's forces supplies, the inhabitants of Avaricum begged not to have their town burned. It was temporarily spared due to its good defences provided by the surrounding marshes, by a river that nearly encircled it, and by a strong southern wall. Julius Caes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome refers to Roman civilisation from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC), Roman Republic (509–27 BC) and Roman Empire (27 BC–476 AD) until the fall of the western empire. Ancient Rome began as an Italic settlement, traditionally dated to 753 BC, beside the River Tiber in the Italian Peninsula. The settlement grew into the city and polity of Rome, and came to control its neighbours through a combination of treaties and military strength. It eventually dominated the Italian Peninsula, assimilated the Greek culture of southern Italy ( Magna Grecia) and the Etruscan culture and acquired an Empire that took in much of Europe and the lands and peoples surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. It was among the largest empires in the ancient world, with an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants, roughly 20% of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post-Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia, and was ruled by emperors. From the accession of Caesar Augustus as the first Roman emperor to the military anarchy of the 3rd century, it was a Principate with Italia as the metropole of its provinces and the city of Rome as its sole capital. The Empire was later ruled by multiple emperors who shared control over the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire. The city of Rome remained the nominal capital of both parts until AD 476 when the imperial insignia were sent to Constantinople following the capture of the Western capital of Ravenna by the Germanic barbarians. The adoption of Christianity as the state church of the Roman Empire in AD 380 and the fall of the Western ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agrégation In France
In France, the ''agrégation'' () is a competitive examination for civil service in the French public education system. Candidates for the examination, or ''agrégatifs'', become ''agrégés'' once they are admitted to the position of ''professeur agrégé''. In France, ''professeurs agrégés'' are distinguished from ''professeurs certifiés'' recruited through the CAPES training. The ''agrégés'' are usually expected to teach in sixth-form colleges ('' lycées'') and universities, while the ''certifiés'' usually teach in secondary schools (''collèges''), although there is a significant overlap. The examination may require more than a year of preparation. The difficulty and selectivity (quota) vary from one discipline to another: there are about 300 such positions open each year for mathematics alone, but usually fewer positions are made available for humanities and social sciences (for example, 61 positions for philosophy were offered in 2018) and perhaps only one seat i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Reims
The University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (; URCA), also known simply as the University of Reims, is a public university based in Reims, France. In addition to the main campus in Reims, the university has several campuses located throughout the Grand Est region, in Châlons-en-Champagne, Charleville-Mézières, Chaumont, and Troyes. History Original university The University of Reims was established in 1548,Mark W. Konnert, ''Local Politics in the French Wars of Religion'', Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2006, p. 52. after the Cardinal of Lorraine met with Pope Paul III. The 'Collège des Bons-Enfants' Catholic school thus became a university, teaching the arts, theology, law and medicine. The university was closed in 1793 during the French Revolution, and reemerged in the 1960s. Modern university The Faculty of Science (1961), the Literary University College (1964), the University College of Law and Economics (1966), Reims University Technology Institute (1966), the Faculties of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Nantes
The University of Nantes (french: Université de Nantes) is a public university located in the city of Nantes, France. In addition to the several campuses scattered in the city of Nantes, there are two satellite campuses located in Saint-Nazaire and La Roche-sur-Yon. The university ranked between 401-500th in the Times Higher Education of 2016. On a national scale and regarding the professional insertion after graduation, the University of Nantes oscillates between 3rd and 40th out of 69 universities depending on the field of studies. Currently, the university is attended by approximately 34,500 students. More than 10% of them are international students coming from 110 countries. Notable alumni include former Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault, former Minister of Agriculture Stéphane Le Foll, and United Nations official Clément Nyaletsossi Voule. History The current University was founded in 1970 under the terms of the 1968 law which reformed French higher education. This newl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André Chastagnol
André Chastagnol (21 February 1920 – 2 September 1996) was a French historian, specializing in Latin epigraphy and literature. After teaching at the Universities of Algiers, Rennes and Paris-X, he finished his career as a professor at the Paris-Sorbonne University. His two theses were devoted to the ''Praefectus urbi''. He succeeded Hans-Georg Pflaum at the head of the Latin epigraphy seminar of the École pratique des hautes études where Michel Christol, Xavier Loriot, and François Jacques were among his students. His various works on the Lower Roman Empire and Late Antiquity are authoritative. He was long interested in the ''Augustan History'', of which he provided translation and helped to improve the study. His large personal library, bequeathed to the Sorbonne, is now incorporated into the . André Chastagnol was a member of the Société des Antiquaires de France. Selected works André Chastagnol wrote about 200 books and articles devoted to general history, Gaul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hans-Georg Pflaum
Hans-Georg Pflaum (3 June 1902, Berlin – 26 December 1979, Linz) was a German-born French historian. Life Pflaum, who came from a Jewish family of industrialists, at first studied law in Breslau and Heidelberg, afterwards taking a position in his father's company. He was promoted in 1925 in Breslau. When the company fell victim to the global economic crisis in 1929, Pflaum turned to a career as an academic studying Ancient History and Classical Philology in Berlin, where he studied under Ulrich Wilcken, , Eugen Täubler and Ernst Stein. After the National Socialist German Workers Party took control of the country, he left Germany in 1933 and continued his studies in Paris with Jérôme Carcopino at the Sorbonne. He also studied under the epigraphist Louis Robert. In 1937, Pflaum wrote a dissertation on the Cursus publicus during the Roman Empire and was to become a member of the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS). After the French defeat in 1940, he had to g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historiography
Historiography is the study of the methods of historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension is any body of historical work on a particular subject. The historiography of a specific topic covers how historians have studied that topic using particular sources, techniques, and theoretical approaches. Scholars discuss historiography by topic—such as the historiography of the United Kingdom, that of WWII, the British Empire, early Islam, and China—and different approaches and genres, such as political history and social history. Beginning in the nineteenth century, with the development of academic history, there developed a body of historiographic literature. The extent to which historians are influenced by their own groups and loyalties—such as to their nation state—remains a debated question. In the ancient world, chronological annals were produced in civilizations such as ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. However, the discipline of his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Scheid
John Scheid (born 1946 in Luxembourg under the first name Jean) is a French historian. A specialist of ancient Rome, he has been a professor at the Collège de France since 2001. Biography After his secondary studies in Luxembourg, John Scheid came to France in 1966 in order to study history and classical letters first at the University of Strasbourg and then in Paris, where he was a pupil of Hans-Georg Pflaum. He obtained a 3rd cycle thesis scholarship that he led under the direction of Robert Schilling and which he supported in 1972 in Strasbourg. (''Les Frères arvales : recrutement et origine sociale sous les Julio-Claudiens'') Wishing to go to Rome as part of the École française de Rome, he had to pass the ''agrégation''. He obtained the necessary French naturalization in January 1973, in time to enroll in the competition of that year. He was received at the ''agrégation de grammaire''. He left for Rome in 1974 and in 1975 began excavations in the district of La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claude Lepelley
Claude Lepelley (8 February 1934 – 31 January 2015 on DRACONTIUS) was a 20th-21st-century French historian, a specialist of and . His thesis, ''Les cités de l'Afrique romaine au Bas-Empire'', defended in 1977 under the direction of William Seston, profoundly changed the understanding of the urban world in the 3rd and 4th centuries; far from declining, the cities of Africa had some prosperity. Career ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
