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Flavoplaca Havaasii
''Flavoplaca'' is a genus of crust-like or scaly lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 28 species with a mostly Northern Hemisphere distribution. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulf Arup, Patrik Frödén and Ulrik Søchting, with '' Flavoplaca citrina'' as the type species. The genus formed a well-supported clade in molecular phylogenetic analysis. ''Flavoplaca'' species are closely related to ''Calogaya'' species that have lobes. There are other genera with roughly similar morphological features as ''Flavoplaca'' (examples include '' Polycauliona'', '' Orientophila'', '' Sirenophila'', and '' Villophora''), but they are genetically different and have different distributions. Arup and colleagues included 26 species in the genus; most were originally named as members of the genera ''Caloplaca'' or ''Lecanora''. Description ''Flavoplaca'' species have a thallus that is either crust-like (crustose) or scaly (squamulose), sometimes with indistinct edges, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flavoplaca Flavocitrina
''Flavoplaca'' is a genus of crust-like or scaly lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 28 species with a mostly Northern Hemisphere distribution. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulf Arup, Patrik Frödén and Ulrik Søchting, with '' Flavoplaca citrina'' as the type species. The genus formed a well-supported clade in molecular phylogenetic analysis. ''Flavoplaca'' species are closely related to ''Calogaya'' species that have lobes. There are other genera with roughly similar morphological features as ''Flavoplaca'' (examples include '' Polycauliona'', '' Orientophila'', '' Sirenophila'', and '' Villophora''), but they are genetically different and have different distributions. Arup and colleagues included 26 species in the genus; most were originally named as members of the genera ''Caloplaca'' or ''Lecanora''. Description ''Flavoplaca'' species have a thallus that is either crust-like (crustose) or scaly (squamulose), sometimes with indistinct edges, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Distribution
Species distribution —or species dispersion — is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged. The geographic limits of a particular taxon's distribution is its range, often represented as shaded areas on a map. Patterns of distribution change depending on the scale at which they are viewed, from the arrangement of individuals within a small family unit, to patterns within a population, or the distribution of the entire species as a whole (range). Species distribution is not to be confused with dispersal, which is the movement of individuals away from their region of origin or from a population center of high density. Range In biology, the range of a species is the geographical area within which that species can be found. Within that range, distribution is the general structure of the species population, while dispersion is the variation in its population density. Range is often described with the following qualities: * Sometimes a distinction is made betw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flavoplaca Oasis
''Flavoplaca oasis'' is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed across Europe, and has been reported in Western Asia, China, and North Africa. Taxonomy It was first formally described in 1856 by the Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo, as a variety of ''Callopisma aurantiacum''. Ödön Szatala promoted it to distinct species status in 1932, classifying it in the genus ''Caloplaca''. Ulf Arup and colleagues transferred the taxon to the genus ''Flavoplaca'' in 2013, following a molecular phylogenetics-based restructuring of the family Teloschistaceae. Description The lichen ''Flavoplaca oasis'' has a typically visible yet thin thallus, characterised by small or , particularly noticeable at the . The thallus presents a pale yellow hue. It features an (honeycomb-like) cortex, and its is distinctly separated by fungal hyphae. This species lacks a prothallus and does not produce vegetative p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydropunctaria Maura
''Hydropunctaria maura'' (still often called by the older name ''Verrucaria maura'') is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen belonging to the family Verrucariaceae. A perennial species that does not experience seasonal variations, it is the type species of the genus ''Hydropunctaria''. The medulla is a black basal layer that forms columns (Latin: ''punctae'') to the upper surface and isolates the algae into pockets near the upper surface. The black band formed by ''H. maura'' can often be seen at a distance as a marker of the high water point. Ecology ''Hydropunctaria maura'' is commonly found on hard rocks in the intertidal zone. Compared to terrestrial lichens, the species is typically located in areas of direct sunlight, suggests that it may have specific adaptations against damage from the sun. It is considered an upper littoral (supralittoral) lichen, compared to other, lower littoral lichens such as ''Wahlenbergiella mucosa'', distinguished by e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flavoplaca Microthallina
''Flavoplaca'' is a genus of crust-like or scaly lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 28 species with a mostly Northern Hemisphere distribution. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulf Arup, Patrik Frödén and Ulrik Søchting, with ''Flavoplaca citrina'' as the type species. The genus formed a well-supported clade in molecular phylogenetic analysis. ''Flavoplaca'' species are closely related to ''Calogaya'' species that have lobes. There are other genera with roughly similar morphological features as ''Flavoplaca'' (examples include '' Polycauliona'', '' Orientophila'', '' Sirenophila'', and '' Villophora''), but they are genetically different and have different distributions. Arup and colleagues included 26 species in the genus; most were originally named as members of the genera ''Caloplaca'' or ''Lecanora''. Description ''Flavoplaca'' species have a thallus that is either crust-like (crustose) or scaly (squamulose), sometimes with indistinct edges, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flavoplaca Coronata
''Flavoplaca'' is a genus of crust-like or scaly lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 28 species with a mostly Northern Hemisphere distribution. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulf Arup, Patrik Frödén and Ulrik Søchting, with ''Flavoplaca citrina'' as the type species. The genus formed a well-supported clade in molecular phylogenetic analysis. ''Flavoplaca'' species are closely related to ''Calogaya'' species that have lobes. There are other genera with roughly similar morphological features as ''Flavoplaca'' (examples include '' Polycauliona'', '' Orientophila'', '' Sirenophila'', and '' Villophora''), but they are genetically different and have different distributions. Arup and colleagues included 26 species in the genus; most were originally named as members of the genera ''Caloplaca'' or ''Lecanora''. Description ''Flavoplaca'' species have a thallus that is either crust-like (crustose) or scaly (squamulose), sometimes with indistinct edges, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichenicolous Fungus
A lichenicolous fungus is a parasitic fungus that only lives on lichen as the host. A lichenicolous fungus is not the same as the fungus that is the component of the lichen, which is known as a lichenized fungus. They are most commonly specific to a given fungus as the host, but they also include a wide range of pathogens, saprotrophs, and commensals. It is estimated there are 3000 species of lichenicolous fungi. More than 1800 species are already described among the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Lichenicolous Fungi: Interactions, Evolution, and Biodiversity, Lawrey, James D.; Diederich, Paul. The Bryologist 106(1), pp. 80 120, 2003/ref> More than 95% of lichenicolous fungi described as of 2003 are ascomycetes, in 7 class (biology), classes and 19 order (biology), orders. Although basidiomycetes have less than 5% of lichenicolous lichen species, they represent 4 classes and 8 orders. Many lichenicolous species have yet to be assigned a phylogenetic position as of 2003. See also * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ellipsoid
An ellipsoid is a surface that may be obtained from a sphere by deforming it by means of directional scalings, or more generally, of an affine transformation. An ellipsoid is a quadric surface; that is, a surface that may be defined as the zero set of a polynomial of degree two in three variables. Among quadric surfaces, an ellipsoid is characterized by either of the two following properties. Every planar cross section is either an ellipse, or is empty, or is reduced to a single point (this explains the name, meaning "ellipse-like"). It is bounded, which means that it may be enclosed in a sufficiently large sphere. An ellipsoid has three pairwise perpendicular axes of symmetry which intersect at a center of symmetry, called the center of the ellipsoid. The line segments that are delimited on the axes of symmetry by the ellipsoid are called the ''principal axes'', or simply axes of the ellipsoid. If the three axes have different lengths, the figure is a triaxial ellipsoid (r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacilliform
A bacillus (), also called a bacilliform bacterium or often just a rod (when the context makes the sense clear), is a rod-shaped bacterium or archaeon. Bacilli are found in many different taxonomic groups of bacteria. However, the name ''Bacillus'', capitalized and italicized, refers to a specific genus of bacteria. The name Bacilli, capitalized but not italicized, can also refer to a less specific taxonomic group of bacteria that includes two orders, one of which contains the genus ''Bacillus''. When the word is formatted with lowercase and not italicized, 'bacillus', it will most likely be referring to shape and not to the genus at all. Bacilliform bacteria are also often simply called rods when the bacteriologic context is clear. Bacilli usually divide in the same plane and are solitary, but can combine to form diplobacilli, streptobacilli, and palisades. * Diplobacilli: Two bacilli arranged side by side with each other. * Streptobacilli: Bacilli arranged in chains. * Coccobac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conidia
A conidium ( ; ), sometimes termed an asexual chlamydospore or chlamydoconidium (), is an asexual, non-motile spore of a fungus. The word ''conidium'' comes from the Ancient Greek word for dust, ('). They are also called mitospores due to the way they are generated through the cellular process of mitosis. The two new haploid cells are genetically identical to the haploid parent, and can develop into new organisms if conditions are favorable, and serve in biological dispersal. Asexual reproduction in ascomycetes (the phylum Ascomycota) is by the formation of conidia, which are borne on specialized stalks called conidiophores. The morphology of these specialized conidiophores is often distinctive between species and, before the development of molecular techniques at the end of the 20th century, was widely used for identification of (''e.g.'' ''Metarhizium'') species. The terms microconidia and macroconidia are sometimes used. Conidiogenesis There are two main types of conidium ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pycnidia
A pycnidium (plural pycnidia) is an asexual fruiting body produced by mitosporic fungi, for instance in the order Sphaeropsidales ( Deuteromycota, Coelomycetes) or order Pleosporales (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes). It is often spherical or inversely pearshaped ( obpyriform) and its internal cavity is lined with conidiophores. When ripe, an opening generally appears at the top, through which the pycnidiospore {{Short pages monitor [Baidu] |
Hymenium
The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia or asci, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in others some cells develop into sterile cells called cystidia (basidiomycetes) or paraphyses (ascomycetes). Cystidia are often important for microscopic identification. The subhymenium consists of the supportive hyphae from which the cells of the hymenium grow, beneath which is the hymenophoral trama, the hyphae that make up the mass of the hymenophore. The position of the hymenium is traditionally the first characteristic used in the classification and identification of mushrooms. Below are some examples of the diverse types which exist among the macroscopic Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. * In agarics, the hymenium is on the vertical faces of the gills. * In boletes and polypores, it is in a spongy mass of downward-pointing tubes. * In puffballs, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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