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Fissurina Capsulata
''Fissurina capsulata'' is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in India, it was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Urmila Makhija and Bharati Adawadkar. The lichen is native to Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, where it was first identified near Daisy Bank in 1975. Description This lichen has a pale green or dull green thallus, which is uneven and cracked. The ascomata, or fruiting bodies, are in form and range from 0.5 to 2.5 mm in length. These structures can be or branched and are generally the same colour as the thallus. The ascomata are immersed to slightly raised, with acute to subacute ends, and a have narrow to moderately broad that is not . The , a protective layer surrounding the fertile, spore-bearing hymenium, is complete and non-striate, with a yellowish-brown colour that converges and is covered by a up to the top. The rounded apical region of this structure features a swollen "puff" that is inters ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corticolous Lichen
A corticolous lichen is a lichen that grows on bark.Alan Silverside's Lichen Glossary (a-f), Alan Silverside/ref> This is contrasted with lignicolous lichen, which grows on wood that has had the bark stripped from it,Alan Silverside's Lichen Glossary (g-o), Alan Silverside/ref> and saxicolous lichen, which grows on rock.Alan Silverside's Lichen Glossary (p-z), Alan Silverside/ref> Examples of corticolous lichens include the crustose lichen ''Graphis plumierae'', foliose lichen ''Melanohalea subolivacea'' and the fruticose ''Bryoria fuscescens ''Bryoria fuscescens'' is a species of lichen of the family Parmeliaceae. As of July 2021, its conservation status has not been estimated by the IUCN. In Iceland, where it grows as an epiphyte on downy birch stems and branches, it is classified ...''.Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands celandic Institute of Natural History(1996). Válisti 1: Plöntur.' (in Icelandic) Reykjavík: Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands. References Lichenolo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ellipsoid
An ellipsoid is a surface that may be obtained from a sphere by deforming it by means of directional scalings, or more generally, of an affine transformation. An ellipsoid is a quadric surface; that is, a surface that may be defined as the zero set of a polynomial of degree two in three variables. Among quadric surfaces, an ellipsoid is characterized by either of the two following properties. Every planar cross section is either an ellipse, or is empty, or is reduced to a single point (this explains the name, meaning "ellipse-like"). It is bounded, which means that it may be enclosed in a sufficiently large sphere. An ellipsoid has three pairwise perpendicular axes of symmetry which intersect at a center of symmetry, called the center of the ellipsoid. The line segments that are delimited on the axes of symmetry by the ellipsoid are called the ''principal axes'', or simply axes of the ellipsoid. If the three axes have different lengths, the figure is a triaxial ellipsoid (r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen Species
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not s. They may have tiny, leafless branches (); flat leaf-like structures ( |
Fissurina Rufula
''Fissurina'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was first described by the French botanist Antoine Laurent Apollinaire Fée in an 1825 publication. Species *''Fissurina abdita'' *''Fissurina adscribens'' *'' Fissurina aggregatula'' *'' Fissurina albocinerea'' *'' Fissurina albolabiata'' *''Fissurina albonitens'' *'' Fissurina alligatorensis'' *'' Fissurina amazonica'' *''Fissurina americana'' *'' Fissurina amyloidea'' *''Fissurina analphabetica'' *'' Fissurina andamanensis'' *'' Fissurina aperta'' *'' Fissurina astroisidiata'' *'' Fissurina atlantica'' *'' Fissurina aurantiacolirellata'' *'' Fissurina aurantiacostellata'' *'' Fissurina baishanzuensis'' *'' Fissurina batavana'' *'' Fissurina bullata'' *'' Fissurina capsulata'' *''Fissurina carassensis'' *'' Fissurina chapsoides'' *'' Fissurina chrysocarpa'' *'' Fissurina chrysocarpoides'' *'' Fissurina cinereodisca'' *'' Fissurina cingalina'' *'' Fissurina coarctata ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fissurina Marginata
''Fissurina'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was first described by the French botanist Antoine Laurent Apollinaire Fée in an 1825 publication. Species *''Fissurina abdita'' *''Fissurina adscribens'' *'' Fissurina aggregatula'' *'' Fissurina albocinerea'' *'' Fissurina albolabiata'' *''Fissurina albonitens'' *'' Fissurina alligatorensis'' *'' Fissurina amazonica'' *''Fissurina americana'' *'' Fissurina amyloidea'' *''Fissurina analphabetica'' *'' Fissurina andamanensis'' *'' Fissurina aperta'' *'' Fissurina astroisidiata'' *'' Fissurina atlantica'' *'' Fissurina aurantiacolirellata'' *'' Fissurina aurantiacostellata'' *'' Fissurina baishanzuensis'' *'' Fissurina batavana'' *'' Fissurina bullata'' *'' Fissurina capsulata'' *''Fissurina carassensis'' *'' Fissurina chapsoides'' *'' Fissurina chrysocarpa'' *'' Fissurina chrysocarpoides'' *'' Fissurina cinereodisca'' *'' Fissurina cingalina'' *'' Fissurina coarctata ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fissurina Subcontexta
''Fissurina'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was first described by the French botanist Antoine Laurent Apollinaire Fée in an 1825 publication. Species *''Fissurina abdita'' *''Fissurina adscribens'' *'' Fissurina aggregatula'' *'' Fissurina albocinerea'' *'' Fissurina albolabiata'' *''Fissurina albonitens'' *'' Fissurina alligatorensis'' *'' Fissurina amazonica'' *''Fissurina americana'' *'' Fissurina amyloidea'' *''Fissurina analphabetica'' *'' Fissurina andamanensis'' *'' Fissurina aperta'' *'' Fissurina astroisidiata'' *'' Fissurina atlantica'' *'' Fissurina aurantiacolirellata'' *'' Fissurina aurantiacostellata'' *'' Fissurina baishanzuensis'' *'' Fissurina batavana'' *'' Fissurina bullata'' *'' Fissurina capsulata'' *''Fissurina carassensis'' *'' Fissurina chapsoides'' *'' Fissurina chrysocarpa'' *'' Fissurina chrysocarpoides'' *'' Fissurina cinereodisca'' *'' Fissurina cingalina'' *'' Fissurina coarctata ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fissurina
''Fissurina'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was first described by the French botanist Antoine Laurent Apollinaire Fée in an 1825 publication. Species *'' Fissurina abdita'' *'' Fissurina adscribens'' *'' Fissurina aggregatula'' *'' Fissurina albocinerea'' *'' Fissurina albolabiata'' *'' Fissurina albonitens'' *'' Fissurina alligatorensis'' *''Fissurina amazonica'' *'' Fissurina americana'' *'' Fissurina amyloidea'' *'' Fissurina analphabetica'' *''Fissurina andamanensis'' *''Fissurina aperta'' *''Fissurina astroisidiata'' *''Fissurina atlantica'' *''Fissurina aurantiacolirellata'' *''Fissurina aurantiacostellata'' *''Fissurina baishanzuensis'' *''Fissurina batavana'' *''Fissurina bullata'' *''Fissurina capsulata'' *'' Fissurina carassensis'' *'' Fissurina chapsoides'' *'' Fissurina chrysocarpa'' *'' Fissurina chrysocarpoides'' *'' Fissurina cinereodisca'' *'' Fissurina cingalina'' *'' Fissurina coarctata'' *'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spot Test (lichen)
A spot test in lichenology is a spot analysis used to help identify lichens. It is performed by placing a drop of a chemical on different parts of the lichen and noting the colour change (or lack thereof) associated with application of the chemical. The tests are routinely encountered in dichotomous keys for lichen species, and they take advantage of the wide array of lichen products produced by lichens and their uniqueness among taxa. As such, spot tests reveal the presence or absence of chemicals in various parts of a lichen. They were first proposed by the botanist William Nylander in 1866. Three common spot tests use either 10% aqueous KOH solution (K test), saturated aqueous solution of bleaching powder or calcium hypochlorite (C test), or 5% alcoholic ''p''-phenylenediamine solution (P test). The colour changes occur due to presence of particular secondary metabolites in the lichen. There are several other less frequently used spot tests of more limited use that are employed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen Product
Lichen products, also known as lichen substances, are organic compounds produced by a lichen. Specifically, they are secondary metabolites. Lichen products are represented in several different chemical classes, including terpenoids, orcinol derivatives, chromones, xanthones, depsides, and depsidones. Over 800 lichen products of known chemical structure have been reported in the scientific literature, and most of these compound are exclusively found in lichens. Examples of lichen products include usnic acid (a dibenzofuran), atranorin (a depside), lichexanthone (a xanthone), salazinic acid (a depsidone), and isolichenan, an α-glucan. Many lichen products have biological activity, and research into these effects is ongoing. Lichen products accumulate on the outer walls of the fungal hyphae, and are quite stable. Crystal deposits can be visualised using scanning electron microscopy. For this reason, even very old herbarium specimens can be analysed. The amount of lichen products i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Septum
In biology, a septum (Latin for ''something that encloses''; plural septa) is a wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones. A cavity or structure divided in this way may be referred to as septate. Examples Human anatomy * Interatrial septum, the wall of tissue that is a sectional part of the left and right atria of the heart * Interventricular septum, the wall separating the left and right ventricles of the heart * Lingual septum, a vertical layer of fibrous tissue that separates the halves of the tongue. *Nasal septum: the cartilage wall separating the nostrils of the nose * Alveolar septum: the thin wall which separates the alveoli from each other in the lungs * Orbital septum, a palpebral ligament in the upper and lower eyelids * Septum pellucidum or septum lucidum, a thin structure separating two fluid pockets in the brain * Uterine septum, a malformation of the uterus * Vaginal septum, a lateral or transverse partition inside the vagina * Intermuscular sep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascus
An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or species can occur in numbers of one (e.g. ''Monosporascus cannonballus''), two, four, or multiples of four. In a few cases, the ascospores can bud off conidia that may fill the asci (e.g. ''Tympanis'') with hundreds of conidia, or the ascospores may fragment, e.g. some ''Cordyceps'', also filling the asci with smaller cells. Ascospores are nonmotile, usually single celled, but not infrequently may be coenocytic (lacking a septum), and in some cases coenocytic in multiple planes. Mitotic divisions within the developing spores populate each resulting cell in septate ascospores with nuclei. The term ocular chamber, or oculus, refers to the epiplasm (the portion of cytoplasm not used in ascospore formation) that is surrounded by the "bourrelet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Script Lichen
A script lichen, or graphid lichen, is a member of a group of lichens which have spore producing structures that look like writing on the lichen body. The structures are elongated and narrow apothecia called lirellae, which look like short scribbles on the thallus. "Graphid" is derived from Greek language, Greek for "writing". An example is ''Graphis mucronata''. References Lichenology Fungus common names {{lichen-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
