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Fatwa On Religious Pluralism, Liberalism, And Secularism
In July 2005, Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI), a semi-official Islamic clerical body of Indonesia, issued a fatwa, or an Islamic legal opinion, against religious pluralism, liberalism, and secularism.Nur Ichwan 2013, p. 61. The issuance of fatwa garnered substantial controversy and scholarly attention. The fatwa addressed the reformist trend of Islam which had been popular among the broad Indonesian society over the past 25 years. Such trends advocated for a more substantive reading of the Quran and Hadith, instead of literalist approaches taken by the majority of ulamas (Islamic clerics). MUI considered such ideas as incompatible with Islamic teaching, releasing the fatwa to promote a more literal reading of the Islamic scriptures. The fatwa was heavily criticized by progressive Muslim intellectuals. Background Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) was established in 1975 by the Suharto regime, aimed at monopolization of the Islamic orthodoxy in Indonesia at the direction of the gover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian Ulema Council
Indonesian Ulema Council ( id, Majelis Ulama Indonesia, ar, مجلس العلماء الإندونيسي, abbreviated MUI) is Indonesia's top Islamic scholars body. MUI was founded in Jakarta on July 26, 1975 during the New Order era. The council comprises many Indonesian Muslim groups including Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), Muhammadiyah, and smaller groups such as, Syarikat Islam, Perti, Al Washliyah, Mathla'ul Anwar, GUPPI, PTDI, DMI and Al Ittihadiyyah. The Ahlul Bait Indonesia (Shi'ite) and Jemaat Ahmadiyyah Indonesia (Ahmadiyya) were not accepted as members. In 2005, MUI released the fatwa to prohibit Ahmadiyya as deviant sect of Islam and lobbied the President to ban the expelled religious sect. An important function of MUI is to provide halal certification for products (including but not limited to foods, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and clothing). Roles The government, at the creation of the MUI stated three broad goals for the MUI: #Strengthening religion in the way the Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1999 Indonesian Legislative Election
Early legislative elections were held in Indonesia on 7 June 1999. They were the first elections since the end of the New Order (Indonesia), New Order and the first free elections in Indonesia since 1955. With the ending of restrictions on political activity following the fall of Suharto, a total of 48 parties contested the 462 seats up for election in the People's Representative Council. A further 38 seats were reserved for members of Indonesian National Armed Forces, the armed forces. Background Under the New Order (Indonesia), New Order, only two political parties forcibly merged in 1973 – Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) and United Development Party (PPP) – plus the functional group Golkar Party, Golkar had been allowed to participate in elections.Liddle (1978) p40Evans (2003) pp. 21-21 With the start of the Post-Suharto Era, Reform Era, more than 100 new political parties emerged.Evans (2003) p28 New elections were called for 1999 and 148 parties registered with the Mini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmadiyya In Indonesia
Ahmadiyya ( id , Ahmadiyah) is an Islamic branch in Indonesia. The earliest history of the community in Indonesia dates back to the early days of the Second Caliph, when during the summer of 1925, roughly two decades prior to the Indonesian revolution, a missionary of the Community, Rahmat Ali, stepped on Indonesia's largest island, Sumatra, and established the movement with 13 devotees in Tapaktuan, in the province of Aceh. The Community has an influential history in Indonesia's religious development, yet in the modern times it has faced increasing intolerance from religious establishments in the country and physical hostilities from radical Muslim groups. The Association of Religion Data Archives estimates around 400,000 Ahmadi Muslims, spread over 542 branches across the country. History First contact The history of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in Indonesia begins in 1925, during the era of Dutch colonization of the Indonesian archipelago, approximately two decades prior to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian Mujahedeen Council
The Majelis Mujahideen Indonesia (MMI), or Indonesian Mujahedeen Council, is an umbrella organisation of Indonesian Islamist groups. The group was designated as foreign terrorist organization by the United States on 13 June 2017. MMI was founded by Abu Bakar Bashir, the former leader of Jemaah Islamiyah. Known members include Muhammad Iqbal alias Abu Jibril who has called for people to "Destroy America and its allies! Kill those who desecrate Islam!" at a public rally in May 2005. In response to the Execution of Saddam Hussein in 2006, Fauzan Al Anshori said George W Bush should also stand trial. "Given the crimes blamed on Saddam, it is unfair if George Bush is not also put before an international tribunal," he said. "Saddam was executed for killing 148 people, Iraqi Shi'a Muslims, while Bush is responsible for the killing of about 600,000 Iraqis since the March 2003 invasion." In December 2007, it was reported that MMI members were involved in attacks on several Ahmadiyah mosques ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hizb Ut-Tahrir
Hizb ut-Tahrir (Arabicحزب التحرير (Translation: Party of Liberation) is an international, political organization which describes its ideology as Islam, and its aim the re-establishment of the Islamic Khilafah (Caliphate) to resume Islamic ways of life in the Muslim world. The caliphate would unite the Muslim community (Ummah) under their Islamic creed and implement the Shariah, so as to then carry the proselytizing of Islam to the rest of the world. The party was founded in 1953 as a political organization in then Jordanian-controlled Jerusalem by Taqiuddin al-Nabahani, an Islamic scholar and appeals court judge qadi (religious court judge) in Mandatory Palestine. Al-Nabhani developed a program and "draft constitution" for the caliphate, Draft Constitution of the Khilafah State, 2011: Article 26 an-Nabhani, ''The Islamic State'', 1998: p.240–276 from Haifa. Since then, Hizb ut-Tahrir has spread to more than 50 countries, and grown to a membership estimated to be be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Defenders Front
) , formation = , dissolved = , () () , successor = Islamic Brotherhood Front (Unrecognized) , status = Banned , founder = Muhammad Rizieq Shihab , founding_location = Ciputat, South Tangerang, Banten , type = Mass organization , purpose = Politic, social, economic and culture , headquarters = Petamburan, Tanah Abang, Jakarta , coordinates = , region_served = Indonesia () , membership_year = 2014 , language = Arabic, Indonesian , leader_title = Grand Imam , leader_name = Muhammad Rizieq Shihab , leader_title2 = Chairman , leader_name2 = Ahmad Shabri Lubis , leader_title3 = Secretary-general , leader_name3 = Munarman The Islamic Defenders Front ( id, Front Pembela Islam; ) was an Indonesian hardline Islamist organization founded in 1998 by Muhammad Rizieq Shihab with backing from military and p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunnah
In Islam, , also spelled ( ar, سنة), are the traditions and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad that constitute a model for Muslims to follow. The sunnah is what all the Muslims of Muhammad's time evidently saw and followed and passed on to the next generations. According to classical Islamic theories, the sunnah are documented by hadith (the verbally transmitted record of the teachings, deeds and sayings, silent permissions or disapprovals of Muhammad), and along with the Quran (the book of Islam), are the divine revelation ('' Wahy'') delivered through Muhammad Brown, ''Rethinking tradition in modern Islamic thought'', 1996: p.7 that make up the primary sources of Islamic law and belief/theology. Differing from Sunni classical Islamic theories are those of Shia Muslims, who hold that the Twelve Imams interpret the sunnah, and Sufi who hold that Muhammad transmitted the values of sunnah "through a series of Sufi teachers." According to Muslim belief, Muhammad was the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaringan Islam Liberal
Jaringan Islam Liberal (JIL) or the Liberal Islam Network is a loose forum for discussing and disseminating the concept of Islamic liberalism in Indonesia. One reason for its establishment is to counter the growing influence and activism of militant and Islamic extremism in Indonesia. The "official" description of JIL is ''"a community which is studying and bringing forth a discourse on Islamic vision that is tolerant, open and supportive for the strengthening of Indonesian democratization."'' It was started from several meetings and discussions among young Muslim intellectuals in ISAI (''Institut Studi Arus Informasi''; Institute for the Studies on Free Flow of Information), Jakarta, and then extended through discussion using a mailing list in early 2001. The founders held the first discussion on February 21, 2001, at '' Teater Utan Kayu'', Jakarta, on ''Akar-Akar Liberalisme Islam: Pengalaman Timur Tengah'' (''The Roots of Islamic Liberalism: The Middle East Experience''), pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dewan Dakwah Islamiyah Indonesia
The Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council ( id, Dewan Da'wah Islamiyah Indonesia, abbreviated as DDII) is a Sunni Islamic organization in Indonesia which aimed at ''dawah'' (proselytizing). The organization is considered one of the most prominent dawah organisations in modern Indonesia. It is also noted for being the primary receiver (along with the LIPIA) of funding for Islamic activities in Indonesia from Saudi Arabia. History The DDII was founded in 1967 by Mohammad Natsir, a leading figure in the Indonesian independence movement, the former leader of the Masjumi Party and a leader of the Islamic revival in Indonesia and interaction with the Middle East. Following the disbanded Masyumi party, Natsir and other former members of the party met to create the DDII. According to Hasan Noorhaidi "from its inception" the DDII was the "Indonesian representative" of the Saudi-funded Muslim World League. The group sought closeness to Saudi as protection against the marginalization of I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nahdlatul Ulama
Nahdlatul Ulama (, , NU) is an Islam in Indonesia, Islamic organization in Indonesia. Its membership estimates range from 40 million (2013) to over 95 million (2021), making it the largest Islamic organization in the world. NU also is a charitable body funding schools and hospitals as well as organizing communities to help alleviate poverty. The NU was founded in 1926 by a ''ulema'' and merchants to defend both Traditionalism (Islam in Indonesia), traditionalist Islamic practices (in accordance with Shafi'i school) and its members' economic interests. NU's religious views are considered "traditionalist" in that they tolerate local culture as long as it doesn't contradict Islamic teachings. By contrast the second largest Islamic organization in Indonesia, the Muhammadiyah, is considered "reformist" as it takes a more literal interpretation of the Qur'an and Sunnah. Some leaders of Nahdlatul Ulama are ardent advocates of Islam Nusantara, a distinctive brand of Islam that has unde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Modernism
Islamic modernism is a movement that has been described as "the first Muslim ideological response to the Western cultural challenge" attempting to reconcile the Islamic faith with modern values such as democracy, civil rights, rationality, equality, and progress.''Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World'', Thompson Gale (2004) It featured a "critical reexamination of the classical conceptions and methods of jurisprudence" and a new approach to Islamic theology and Quranic exegesis (''Tafsir''). A contemporary definition describes it as an "effort to re-read Islam's fundamental sources—the Qur'an and the Sunna, (the practice of the Prophet) —by placing them in their historical context, and then reinterpreting them, non-literally, in the light of the modern context." It was one of the of several Islamic movements – including Islamic secularism, Islamism, and Salafism – that emerged in the middle of the 19th century in reaction to the rapid changes of the time, especia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
