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Exterior Night
''Exterior Night'' () is a 2022 Italian-language drama film co-written and directed by Marco Bellocchio based on the kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro. The film is the second feature by Bellocchio based on the Moro case after ''Good Morning, Night'', shot in 2003. Originally conceived as a RAI television miniseries, it premiered out of competition at the 2022 Cannes Film Festival. It was then given a theatrical release in Italy as two films (titled ''Act I'' and ''Act II''), before being aired on Rai 1 and on Netflix. Plot Part 1 – Aldo Moro In 1978, Aldo Moro, the president of Christian Democracy (DC), attempted to form a government of national unity with the external support of the Italian Communist Party in what was a first time for a country belonging to the North Atlantic Treaty. During the party assembly, Moro tries to convince the most recalcitrant exponents within the party about the goodness of this operation. Francesco Cossiga, who would be confirmed as Minister ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marco Bellocchio
Marco Bellocchio (; born 9 November 1939) is an Italian film director, screenwriter, and actor. Life and career Born in Bobbio, near Piacenza, Marco Bellocchio had a strict Catholic upbringing – his father was a lawyer, his mother a schoolteacher. He began studying philosophy in Milan but then decided to enter film school, first at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia in Rome, then at thSlade School of Fine Artin London. His first film, ''Fists in the Pocket'', (''I pugni in tasca'', winner of the Silver Sail at the 1965 Festival del film Locarno), was funded by family members and shot on family property, in 1965. Films Bellocchio's films include '' China is Near'' (1967), '' Sbatti il mostro in prima pagina'' (''Slap the Monster on Page One'') (1972), ''Nel Nome del Padre'' (''In the name of the Father'' – a satire on a Catholic boarding school that shares affinities with Lindsay Anderson's '' If....'') (1972), '' Victory March'' (1976), ''A Leap in the Dark'' (1980), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Atlantic Treaty
The North Atlantic Treaty, also referred to as the Washington Treaty, is the treaty that forms the legal basis of, and is implemented by, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The treaty was signed in Washington, D.C., on 4 April 1949. Background The treaty was signed in Washington, D.C., on 4 April 1949 by a committee which was chaired by US diplomat Theodore Achilles. Earlier secret talks had been held at the Pentagon between 22 March and 1 April 1948, of which Achilles said: The talks lasted about two weeks and by the time they finished, it had been secretly agreed that there would be a treaty, and I had a draft of one in the bottom drawer of my safe. It was never shown to anyone except Jack John_D._Hickerson">Hickerson.html" ;"title="John_D._Hickerson.html" ;"title="nowiki/>John D. Hickerson">Hickerson">John_D._Hickerson.html" ;"title="nowiki/>John D. Hickerson">Hickerson I wish I had kept it, but when I left the Department in 1950, I dutifully left it in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barbara Balzerani
Barbara Balzerani (born 16 January 1949) is an Italian terrorist. Early life Balzerani was born at Colleferro, in the province of Rome. Career In the 1970s Balzerani became a leader of the Red Brigades (Italian ''Brigate Rosse'', or BR, which she had joined in 1975) in Rome. She took part in several killings, such as that of Girolamo Minervini and the assassination of Aldo Moro's escort in Via Fani (1978). After the arrest of BR's national leader Mario Moretti in 1981, she unsuccessfully tried to handle the split in the organization, becoming a leader of the "Brigate Rosse - Partito Comunista Combattente", while Giovanni Senzani led the other faction, the "BR - Partito Guerriglia". During the detention of Aldo Moro, she occupied, together with Moretti, the BR base in Via Gradoli in Rome. The base was discovered due to a water leak, allegedly caused by a tap left open - although the circumstance of its discovery by Italian police forces were never totally made clear. In 1981 sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valerio Morucci
Valerio Morucci (born 22 July 1949) is an Italian terrorist, who was a member of the Red Brigades and who took part in the kidnapping and assassination of Aldo Moro in 1978. Biography Morucci was born in Rome. He took part in the libertarian movement of 1968, and later entered Potere Operaio, a far-left organization. After the dissolution of Potere Operaio in 1973, he tried to form several political-military organizations including the Formazioni Comuniste Armate (FCA), which were absorbed by the Red Brigades (Italian: ''Brigate Rosse'', or BR) in 1976. Morucci, considered an expert in weapons and military organizations, became the leader of BR's "column" in Rome. In March 1978, he took part in the ambush in via Fani in which the escort of former prime Minister Aldo Moro was massacred, and during which Moro was allegedly kidnapped. According to the official reconstruction of the events which followed, Morucci disturbed all the communications of the BR and was allegedly aga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rieti
Rieti (; lat, Reate, Sabino: ) is a town and ''comune'' in Lazio, central Italy, with a population of 47,700. It is the administrative seat of the province of Rieti and see of the diocese of Rieti, as well as the modern capital of the Sabina region. The town centre stands on a small hilltop, commanding from the southern edge the wide Rieti valley, at the bottom of the Sabine hills and of monti Reatini, including mount Terminillo. The plain was once a large lake, drained by the ancient Romans, and is now the fertile basin of the Velino River. Only the small Ripasottile and Lungo lakes remain of the larger original. History Prehistory According to the legend, Reate was founded by Rea, a divinity (that would be the origin of the town name). It was founded at the beginning of the Iron Age (9th–8th century BC). Probably in earlier times the lands around Rieti were inhabited by Umbri, then by Aborigines and later on by Sabines, who reached the lands sited in the nearby of Te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mario Moretti
Mario Moretti (born 16 January 1946) is an Italian terrorist and convicted murderer. A leading member of the Red Brigades in the late 1970s, he was one of the kidnappers of Aldo Moro, the president of Italy's largest political party ''Democrazia Cristiana'' (Christian Democracy), and several times premier. In 1978, Moretti confessed to killing Moro. Biography Moretti was born in Porto San Giorgio, Marche region of Italy, into a middle-class, right-wing, family. Later Moretti tried to fabricate for himself a leftist and proletarian family environment, but the documents collected by the Italian Parliament's commission into the assassination of Aldo Moro later denied this reconstruction. Recommended by an Italian noblewoman, Anna Casati Stampa, he moved to Milan in 1968 to work and to study at the ''Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore''. Moretti did not take part in the upheaval of 1968. In Milan, Moretti worked at Sit-Siemens, where he met , Giorgio Semeria and , future membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adriana Faranda
Adriana Faranda (born 7 August 1950) is an Italian former terrorist, who was a member of the Red Brigades during the kidnapping of Aldo Moro. Biography Faranda was born at Tortorici, in eastern Sicily. Initially a member of Potere Operaio, in 1973, together with other future members of the Red Brigades (or BR) such as Bruno Seghetti and Valerio Morucci, she founded the extremist group LAP (''Lotta Armata Potere Proletario'', meaning "Armed Struggle - Proletarian Power"). Later she was part of the Roman "column" of the BR, and became a member of national council of the Red Brigades. In 1978 she took part in the kidnapping of former prime minister Aldo Moro. According to her declarations during the ensuing trial, she was, along with Morucci, against the execution of the politician; when the latter was killed, Faranda abandoned the BR, after which she entered other formations connected to far-left leader Franco Piperno. Faranda had been identified as the woman who had boug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Vittore Prison
San Vittore is a prison in the city center of Milan, Italy. Its construction started in 1872 and opened on 7 July 1879. The prison has place for 600 inmates, but it had 1036 prisoners in 2017. History The construction of the new prison was decided after the Italian unification, together with other infrastructure improvement works in Milan in the period between the unification and the city's first town plan of 1889. Until then, prisoners were detained in several other structures not designed as prisons, among them the former Sant'Antonio Abate convent, in the Courthouse and in the former San Vittore convent. For the construction of the new structure the government acquired terrains in the outskirts of the city, in a sparsely developed area at that time. The building, designed by the engineer Francesco Lucca, takes inspiration from the 18th century ''Panopticon'', with 6 wings with three floors each. The perimeter walls were originally built in medieval style, but they have almo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Paul VI
Pope Paul VI ( la, Paulus VI; it, Paolo VI; born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini, ; 26 September 18976 August 1978) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City, Vatican City State from 21 June 1963 to his death in August 1978. Succeeding John XXIII, he continued the Second Vatican Council, which he closed in 1965, implementing its numerous reforms. He fostered improved ecumenical relations with Eastern Orthodox and Protestant churches, which resulted in many historic meetings and agreements. Montini served in the Holy See's Secretariat of State from 1922 to 1954. While in the Secretariat of State, Montini and Domenico Tardini were considered to be the closest and most influential advisors of Pope Pius XII. In 1954, Pius named Montini Archbishop of Milan, the largest Italian diocese. Montini later became the Secretary of the Italian Bishops' Conference. John XXIII elevated him to the College of Cardinals in 1958, and after the death of John ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Brigades
The Red Brigades ( it, Brigate Rosse , often abbreviated BR) was a far-left Marxist–Leninist armed organization operating as a terrorist and guerrilla group based in Italy responsible for numerous violent incidents, including the abduction and murder of former Prime Minister Aldo Moro, during the Years of Lead. Formed in 1970, the Red Brigades sought to create a revolutionary state through armed struggle, and to remove Italy from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The organization attained notoriety in the 1970s and early 1980s with their violent acts of sabotage, bank robberies, the kneecapping of certain industrialists, factory owners, bankers, and politicians deemed to be exploitative; and the kidnappings and/or murders of industrialists, prominent capitalists, politicians, law enforcement officials, and other perceived “enemies” of the working-class revolution. Nearly fifty people were killed in its attacks between 1974 and 1988. According to the Center ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andreotti IV Cabinet
The Andreotti IV Cabinet, led by Giulio Andreotti, was the 34th cabinet of the Italian Republic. The government obtained confidence on 16 March 1978 in the Chamber of Deputies with 545 votes in favor, 30 against and 3 abstentions, and in the Senate with 267 votes in favor and 5 against. Despite the dissolution of the reserve by Andreotti and his oath in the hands of President Leone, the birth of the government was uncertain until the night before of his presentation in Parliament. The wide and above all rapid trust given to the government was also the result of the climate of emergency in which Montecitorio was found at the news that, an hour before the opening of the session, the Red Brigades had kidnapped the President of the Christian Democracy Aldo Moro Aldo Romeo Luigi Moro (; 23 September 1916 – 9 May 1978) was an Italian statesman and a prominent member of the Christian Democracy (DC). He served as prime minister of Italy from December 1963 to June 1968 and then fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enrico Berlinguer
Enrico Berlinguer (; 25 May 1922 – 11 June 1984) was an Italian politician, considered the most popular leader of the Italian Communist Party (PCI), which he led as the national secretary from 1972 until his death during a tense period in Italy's history, marked by the Years of Lead and social conflicts such as the Hot Autumn of 1969–1970. During his leadership, he distanced the party from the influence of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and pursued a moderate line, repositioning the party within Italian politics and advocating accommodation and national unity. This strategy came to be termed Eurocommunism and he was seen as its main spokesperson. It came to be adopted by Western Europe's other significant communist parties, in Spain and later France; its significance as a political force was cemented by a 1977 meeting in Madrid between Berlinguer, Georges Marchais and Santiago Carrillo. Berlinguer himself described his "alternative" model of socialism, distinct from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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