Evolutionary War
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Evolutionary War
"The Evolutionary War" was a comic book crossover which ran through most of the 1988 annuals published by Marvel Comics. Principal writers included Gerry Conway, Steve Englehart, Louise Simonson, Chris Claremont, and Steve Gerber. The storyline was the first of its kind. While there had been previous extended crossovers over multiple titles before it, "The Evolutionary War" was the first to take place exclusively in annuals. This format of crossover annuals was to be repeated by Marvel for the next four years, most notably with 1989's "Atlantis Attacks." Background One of the world's premiere geneticists, the High Evolutionary had devoted his life to unlocking the mysteries of life and creating new forms of intelligent beings for his research. His crowning achievement was the creation of Counter-Earth; however, this was viewed as little more than a trivial matter by the Beyonders, who captured the planet for display in a cosmic museum of curiosities. Realizing that his own as ...
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X-Factor (comics)
''X-Factor'' is an American comic book series published by Marvel Comics. It is a spin-off from the popular X-Men franchise, featuring characters from X-Men stories. The series has been relaunched several times with different team rosters, most recently as '' X-Factor (2020),'' written by Leah Williams. ''X-Factor'' launched in 1986, featuring the five original X-Men reorganizing as a group in response to the seeming outlaw status of the then-current X-Men team of whom Magneto was a member. In 1991, the founding members were incorporated back into the regular ''X-Men'' series, and ''X-Factor'' relaunched as a U.S. government-sponsored team incorporating many secondary characters from the X-Men mythos. The series was canceled in 1998 after 149 issues. The 2005 ''X-Factor'' series followed the mutant detective agency X-Factor Investigations. Written by Peter David, the series drew acclaim from Ain't It Cool News, and won a 2011 GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Comic Book for the ...
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Kingpin (character)
The Kingpin (Wilson Grant Fisk) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by Stan Lee and John Romita Sr., and first appeared in ''The Amazing Spider-Man'' #50 (cover-dated July 1967). The "Kingpin" name is a reference to the crime lord title in Mafia slang nomenclature. One of the most feared, dangerous and powerful crime lords in the Marvel Universe, usually depicted as New York City's crime overlord, he was introduced as an adversary of Spider-Man, but later went on to be the archenemy of Daredevil,Furious, Nick (January 25, 2011)"The Top 5 Enemies of Daredevil" comicbooked.com as well as a recurring foe of the Punisher and his adoptive daughter Echo. The Kingpin is the husband of Vanessa Fisk and Typhoid Mary Fisk, and the father of Richard Fisk and Butch Pharris, the latter being his successor as Kingpin. His traditional attire consists of his signature white suit jacket and cane, though his appearance h ...
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Beyonders
The Beyonders are a fictional enigmatic higher-dimensional race appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. They live outside the Multiverse (Marvel Comics), multiverse and are the beings responsible for the multiverse's destruction during Jonathan Hickman's ''Avengers'', ''New Avengers'', and ''Secret Wars (2015 comic book), Secret Wars'' saga. Publication history The Beyonders were first mentioned in the team-up comic ''Marvel Two-in-One'' #63 (May 1980), by Mark Gruenwald and Jerry Bingham. The Beyonders received an entry in the ''Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe, Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Update '89'' #1. They also received an entry in ''Secret Wars Official Guide to the Marvel Multiverse''. An initially unrelated character called the Beyonder was tied to these older characters by Steve Englehart for his "Secret Wars III" story in ''Fantastic Four'' #318–319 (September–October 1988). The Beyonder first appeared during the first Se ...
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Counter-Earth (comics)
The comic book stories published by Marvel Comics since the 1940s have featured several noteworthy concepts besides its fictional characters, such as unique places and artifacts. There follows a list of those features. Places Certain places feature prominently in the Marvel Universe, some real-life, others fictional and unique to the setting; fictional places may appear in conjunction with, or even within, real-world locales. Earth New York City Many Marvel Comics stories are set in New York City, where the publishing company is based. =Superhero sites= New York is the site of many places important to superheroes: * Avengers Mansion: Currently in ruin, but long the home of the Avengers. * Avengers Tower: Formerly Stark Tower, the current headquarters of the Avengers. * Alias Investigations: The private investigations firm founded and owned by Jessica Jones. * Baxter Building and Four Freedoms Plaza: The bases of the Fantastic Four. * Daily Bugle: A newspaper building whe ...
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Atlantis Attacks
"Atlantis Attacks" was a comic book superhero crossover storyline which ran through most of the summer annuals published by Marvel Comics in 1989 and 2020. The storyline is a complicated, multi-layered crossover regarding the return of the seven-headed Elder God Set the Old Serpent at the hands of the various underwater empires of the Marvel Universe. The title is misleading, however, as Atlantis and its then-leader Attuma only play minor roles in the story as flunkies for the real masterminds: the Lemurians and their leader Llyra. There is also a five-issue ''Atlantis Attacks'' miniseries in 2020 with a different plot. Publication history ''Atlantis Attacks'' continued and expanded the format created by 1988's ''The Evolutionary War'' crossover storyline, in which all of Marvel's superhero annuals were tied into one story. However, where "The Evolutionary War" had had 11 parts, ''Atlantis Attacks'' had 14, as Marvel revived the annual format for ''Daredevil'', ''Iron Man'', ...
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1989 In Comics
File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxon Valdez oil tanker runs aground in Prince William Sound, Alaska, causing a large Exxon Valdez oil spill, oil spill; The Fall of the Berlin Wall begins the downfall of Communism in Eastern Europe, and heralds German reunification; The United States United States invasion of Panama, invades Panama to depose Manuel Noriega; The Singing Revolution led to the independence of the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania from the Soviet Union; The stands of Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield, Yorkshire, where the Hillsborough disaster occurred; 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, Students demonstrate in Tiananmen Square, Beijing; many are killed by forces of the Chinese Communist Party., 300x300px, thumb rect 0 0 200 200 1989 Loma ...
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Steve Gerber
Stephen Ross Gerber (; September 20, 1947 – February 10, 2008) was an American comic book writer and creator of the satiric Marvel Comics character Howard the Duck. Other works include ''Man-Thing'', ''Omega the Unknown,'' ''Marvel Spotlight:'' " Son of Satan", '' The Defenders,'' ''Marvel Presents:'' "Guardians of the Galaxy", '' Daredevil'' and ''Foolkiller''. Gerber often included lengthy text pages in the midst of comic book stories, such as in his graphic novel, ''Stewart the Rat''. Gerber was posthumously inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2010. Biography Early life Steve Gerber was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the son of Bernice Gerber, with correction appended and one of four children, with siblings Jon, Michael, and Lisa. A letter from Steve Gerber of "7014 Roberts Court, University City 30, Mo." was published in ''Fantastic Four'' #19 (Oct. 1963). After corresponding with fellow youthful comics fans Roy Thomas and Jerry Bails, and starting ...
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Chris Claremont
Christopher S. Claremont (; born November 25, 1950) is a British-born American comic book writer and novelist, known for his 17-year stint on ''Uncanny X-Men'' from 1975 to 1991, far longer than that of any other writer,Claremont, Chris. ''Marvel Age Special: X-Men Anniversary Magazine'' vol. 1, #1 (Sept. 1993). during which he is credited with developing strong female characters as well as introducing complex literary themes into superhero narratives, turning the once underachieving comic into one of Marvel's most popular series. During his tenure at Marvel, Claremont co-created numerous X-Men characters, such as Rogue, Psylocke (Betsy Braddock), Kitty Pryde/Shadowcat, Phoenix, The Brood, Lockheed, Shi'ar, Shi'ar Imperial Guard, Mystique, Destiny, Selene, Reverend William Stryker, Lady Mastermind, Emma Frost, Tessa, Siryn, Jubilee, Rachel Summers, Madelyne Pryor, Moira MacTaggert, Lilandra, Shadow King, Cannonball, Warpath, Mirage, Wolfsbane, Karma, Cypher, Sabretooth, E ...
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Louise Simonson
Louise Simonson (née Mary Louise Alexander; born September 26, 1946) is an American comic book writer and editor. She is best known for her work on comic book titles such as ''Conan the Barbarian'', ''Power Pack'', ''X-Factor'', ''New Mutants'', '' Superman: The Man of Steel'', and ''Steel''. She is often referred to by the nickname "Weezie". Among the comic characters she co-created are Cable, Steel, Power Pack, Rictor, Doomsday and the X-Men villain Apocalypse. In recognition of her contributions to comics, Comics Alliance listed Simonson as one of twelve female comics creators deserving of lifetime achievement recognition. Early life and career In 1964 while attending Georgia State College, Louise met fellow student Jeffrey Catherine Jones. The two began dating and were married in 1966. Their daughter Julianna was born the following year. After graduation, the couple moved to New York City. Louise modeled for artist Bernie Wrightson's cover of DC Comics' '' House of Secrets'' ...
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Steve Englehart
Steve Englehart (; born April 22, 1947) is an American writer of comic books and novels. He is best known for his work at Marvel Comics and DC Comics in the 1970s and 1980s. His pseudonyms have included John Harkness and Cliff Garnett. Early life Steve Englehart majored in psychology at Wesleyan University, where he was a member of The Kappa Alpha Society, earning his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1969. He had served in the United States Army, but was honorably discharged as a conscientious objector to the Vietnam War. Career Marvel Comics Englehart's first work in comics was as an art assistant to Neal Adams on a 10-page story by writer Denny O'Neil in Warren Publishing's black-and-white horror comics magazine ''Vampirella'' #10 (March 1971). After briefly serving as a member of the Crusty Bunkers,Greg Theakston, Theakston, Greg and Kevin Nowlan, Nowlan, Kevin, et al., at Englehart started working as a full-time writer. He began with a co-writing credit, with Gardner Fox, on the ...
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Gerry Conway
Gerard Francis Conway Thomas, Roy. "Roy's Rostrum" ("Bullpen Bulletins") in '' Marvel Super-Heroes'' #43 and other Marvel Comics cover-dated May 1974. (born September 10, 1952) is an American comic book writer, comic book editor, screenwriter, television writer, and television producer. He is known for co-creating the Marvel Comics vigilante antihero the Punisher as well as the Scarlet Spider (Ben Reilly), and the first Ms. Marvel, and also scripting the death of the character Gwen Stacy during his long run on ''The Amazing Spider-Man''. At DC Comics, he is known for co-creating the superheroes Firestorm and Power Girl, the character Jason Todd and the villain Killer Croc, and for writing the ''Justice League of America'' for eight years. Conway wrote the first major, modern-day intercompany crossover, '' Superman vs. the Amazing Spider-Man''. Early life Born in Brooklyn, New York, New York, Conway grew up a comic fan; a letter from him appears in ''Fantastic Four'' #50 (May ...
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Annual Publication
Annual publications, more often simply called annuals, are periodical publications appearing regularly once per year."Annuals", in ''Encyclopedia of library and information science'' (1968), vol. 1, pp. 434–447. Although exact definitions may vary, types of annuals include: calendars and almanacs, Business directory, directories, yearbooks, annual reports, Conference proceeding, proceedings and transactions and literary annuals. A weekly or monthly publication may produce an ''Annual'' featuring similar materials to the regular publication. Some encyclopedias have published annual Supplement (publishing), supplements that essentially summarize the news of the past year, similar to some newspaper yearbooks. To libraries and collectors, annuals present challenges of size (tens or hundreds of volumes) and completeness (acquiring a sequence with no missing volumes). They are handled similar to serial publications, which typically means a single library catalog record for the title, no ...
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