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Evansella
''Evansella'' is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family ''Bacillaceae'' within the order ''Bacillales''. The type species for this genus is ''Evansella cellulosilytica.'' Members of ''Evansella'' was transferred from the genus ''Bacillus'', a genus that has long been under close scrutiny by the scientific community due to its inclusion of many phylogenetically unrelated species. The original criteria used to assign species into ''Bacillus'' were vague and applied to many different species of bacteria, resulting in a large genus full of unrelated organisms with a diverse range of biochemical characteristics. To clarify the taxonomic relationships within the genus, multiple phylogenetic studies have been conducted, resulting in the transfer of many species into novel genera such as ''Virgibacillus, Solibacillus, Brevibacillus'' and '' Ectobacillus.'' Additionally, ''Bacillus'' has been restricted only include species closely related to ''Bacillus subtilis'' and ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacillaceae
The Bacillaceae are a family of gram-positive, heterotrophic, rod-shaped bacteria that may produce endospores. Motile members of this family are characterized by peritrichous flagella. Some Bacillaceae are aerobic, while others are facultative or strict anaerobes. Most are not pathogenic, but ''Bacillus'' species are known to cause disease in humans. Gram-variable cell wall Some Bacillaceae, such as the genera '' Filobacillus, Lentibacillus,'' and '' Halobacillus'', stain Gram-negative or Gram-variable, but are known to have a Gram-positive cell wall.Lim, J.M., Jeon, C.O., Song, S.M., and C.J. Kim. 2005''Pontibacillus chungwhensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic Gram-positive bacterium from a solar saltern in Korea'' Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 55:165-170. Nomenclature Taxa within this family are sometimes colloquially identified as bacilli. However, this term is ambiguous because it does not distinguish between class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family Bacilla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacillus Clarkii
''Bacillus clarkii'' is a facultative anaerobe bacterium. It is a gram positive, alkaliphilic and alkalitolerant, aerobic endospore-forming bacteria. This species has been recently transferred into the genus ''Evansella ''Evansella'' is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family ''Bacillaceae'' within the order ''Bacillales''. The type species for this genus is ''Evansella cellulosilytica.'' Members of ''Evansella'' was transferred from the genu ....'' The correct nomenclature is ''Evansella clarkii.'' References Further reading External linksUniProt entry clarkii [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacillus Caseinilyticus
''Bacillus'' (Latin "stick") is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria, a member of the phylum ''Bacillota'', with 266 named species. The term is also used to describe the shape (rod) of other so-shaped bacteria; and the plural ''Bacilli'' is the name of the class of bacteria to which this genus belongs. ''Bacillus'' species can be either obligate aerobes which are dependent on oxygen, or facultative anaerobes which can survive in the absence of oxygen. Cultured ''Bacillus'' species test positive for the enzyme catalase if oxygen has been used or is present. ''Bacillus'' can reduce themselves to oval endospores and can remain in this dormant state for years. The endospore of one species from Morocco is reported to have survived being heated to 420 °C. Endospore formation is usually triggered by a lack of nutrients: the bacterium divides within its cell wall, and one side then engulfs the other. They are not true spores (i.e., not an offspring). Endospore formation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ectobacillus
''Ectobacillus'' is a genus of Gram-positive (with the exception of ''Ectobacillus funiculus'', which is Gram-negative), rod-shaped bacteria in the family ''Bacillaceae'' within the order ''Bacillales''. The type species for this genus is ''Ectobacillus panaciterrae.'' ''Ectobacillus'' is composed of species originally belonging to the genus ''Bacillus''. The genus ''Bacillus'' comprises a large number of phylogenetically unrelated bacteria species with a diverse range of biochemical characteristics. The polyphyletic nature of the genus is partly due to the vague criteria used to assign species to this genus (ie. accepting all species that are able to form endospores in aerobic conditions). Comparative genomic analyses and phylogenetic studies have set out to clarify the complex taxonomic relationship of this genus, resulting in the transfer of many species into novel genera such as ''Virgibacillus, Solibacillus, Brevibacillus'' and ''Alteribacter''. In addition, the genus ''Bacil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clp Protease
Endopeptidase Clp (, ''endopeptidase Ti'', ''caseinolytic protease'', ''protease Ti'', ''ATP-dependent Clp protease'', '' ClpP'', ''Clp protease''). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction : Hydrolysis of proteins to small peptides in the presence of ATP and Mg2+. This bacterial enzyme contains subunits of two types, ClpP, with peptidase activity, and the protein ClpA, with AAA+ ATPase activity. ClpP and ClpA are not evolutionarily related. A fully assembled Clp protease complex has a barrel-shaped structure in which two stacked heptameric ring of proteolytic subunits ( ClpP or ClpQ) are either sandwiched between two rings or single-caped by one ring of hexameric ATPase-active chaperon subunits (ClpA, ClpC, ClpE, ClpX, ClpY, or others). ClpXP is presented in almost all bacteria while ClpA is found in the Gram-negative bacteria, ClpC in Gram-Positive bacteria and cyanobacteria. ClpAP, ClpXP and ClpYQ coexist in ''E. coli'' while only ClpXP complex in present in h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conserved Signature Indels
Conserved signature inserts and deletions (CSIs) in protein sequences provide an important category of molecular markers for understanding phylogenetic relationships. CSIs, brought about by rare genetic changes, provide useful phylogenetic markers that are generally of defined size and they are flanked on both sides by conserved regions to ensure their reliability. While indels can be arbitrary inserts or deletions, CSIs are defined as only those protein indels that are present within conserved regions of the protein. The CSIs that are restricted to a particular clade or group of species, generally provide good phylogenetic markers of common evolutionary descent. Due to the rarity and highly specific nature of such changes, it is less likely that they could arise independently by either convergent or parallel evolution (i.e. homoplasy) and therefore are likely to represent synapomorphy. Other confounding factors such as differences in evolutionary rates at different sites or among ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flagellum
A flagellum (; ) is a hairlike appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility. Many protists with flagella are termed as flagellates. A microorganism may have from one to many flagella. A gram-negative bacterium ''Helicobacter pylori'' for example uses its multiple flagella to propel itself through the mucus lining to reach the stomach epithelium, where it may cause a gastric ulcer to develop. In some bacteria the flagellum can also function as a sensory organelle, being sensitive to wetness outside the cell. Across the three domains of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota the flagellum has a different structure, protein composition, and mechanism of propulsion but shares the same function of providing motility. The Latin word means " whip" to describe its lash-like swimming motion. The flagellum in archaea is called the archaellum to note its difference from the bacterial flagellum. Eukaryotic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Facultative Anaerobic Organism
A facultative anaerobic organism is an organism that makes Adenosine triphosphate, ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but is capable of switching to Fermentation (biochemistry), fermentation if oxygen is absent. Some examples of facultatively anaerobic bacteria are ''Staphylococcus'' Species, spp., ''Escherichia coli'', ''Salmonella'', ''Listeria'' spp., ''Shewanella oneidensis'' and ''Yersinia pestis''. Certain eukaryotes are also facultative anaerobes, including fungi such as ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'' and many aquatic invertebrates such as Nereid (worm), nereid polychaetes. See also * Aerobic respiration * Anaerobic respiration * Fermentation * Obligate aerobe * Obligate anaerobe * Microaerophile References External links Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria {{Bacteria Anaerobic respiration Cellular respiration ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aerobic Organism
Aerobic means "requiring air," in which "air" usually means oxygen. Aerobic may also refer to * Aerobic exercise, prolonged exercise of moderate intensity * Aerobics, a form of aerobic exercise * Aerobic respiration, the aerobic process of cellular respiration * Aerobic organism Aerobic means "requiring air," in which "air" usually means oxygen. Aerobic may also refer to * Aerobic exercise, prolonged exercise of moderate intensity * Aerobics Aerobics is a form of physical exercise that combines rhythmic aerobic exe ..., a living thing with an oxygen-based metabolism See also * Anaerobic (other) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacillus Cereus
''Bacillus cereus'' is a Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium commonly found in soil, food, and marine sponges. The specific name, ''cereus'', meaning "waxy" in Latin, refers to the appearance of colonies grown on blood agar. Some strains are harmful to humans and cause foodborne illness due to their spore-forming nature, while other strains can be beneficial as probiotics for animals, and even exhibit mutualism with certain plants. ''B. cereus'' bacteria may be anaerobes or facultative anaerobes, and like other members of the genus ''Bacillus'', can produce protective endospores. They have a wide range of virulence factors, including phospholipase C, cereulide, sphingomyelinase, metalloproteases, and cytotoxin K, many of which are regulated via quorum sensing. ''B. cereus'' strains exhibit flagellar motility. The ''Bacillus cereus'' group comprises seven closely related species: ''B. cereus'' ''sensu stricto'' (referred to herein as ''B. cereus''), '' B. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacillus Subtilis
''Bacillus subtilis'', known also as the hay bacillus or grass bacillus, is a Gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium, found in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants, humans and marine sponges. As a member of the genus ''Bacillus'', ''B. subtilis'' is rod-shaped, and can form a tough, protective endospore, allowing it to tolerate extreme environmental conditions. ''B. subtilis'' has historically been classified as an obligate aerobe, though evidence exists that it is a facultative anaerobe. ''B. subtilis'' is considered the best studied Gram-positive bacterium and a model organism to study bacterial chromosome replication and cell differentiation. It is one of the bacterial champions in secreted enzyme production and used on an industrial scale by biotechnology companies. Description ''Bacillus subtilis'' is a Gram-positive bacterium, rod-shaped and catalase-positive. It was originally named ''Vibrio subtilis'' by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg, and renamed ''B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solibacillus
''Solibacillus'' is a genus of Gram positive, rod shaped, spore-forming bacteria. The first member of ''Solibacillus'' was first isolated in 1999, and was originally called ''Bacillus silvestris''. However, further studies on ''B. silvestris'' found that the organism belonged in a separate genus. ''Solibacillus silvestris'' was proposed, referring to its original designation as a member of ''Bacillus'', and the fact that the species was first isolated from soil. ''Bacillus isronensis'' was later reclassified as ''Solibacillus isronensis''. ''S. isronensis'' was isolated from cryotubes that were used to collect air samples from high altitudes, and ''S. kalamii'' was found in an air filter from the International Space Station.Sielaff AC, Kumar RM, Pal D, Mayilraj S, Venkateswaran K. Solibacillus kalamii sp. nov., isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter system used in the International Space Station. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
