|
Euroclear
Euroclear, or the Euroclear Group, is a Belgium-based financial market infrastructure group that specialises in the central securities depository (CSD) segment. It traces its origins to the Euro-clear System developed in 1968 by Morgan Guaranty (a predecessor of JPMorgan Chase) in Brussels to settle trades on the then developing eurobond market. The service was rebranded Euroclear (without hyphen) in 1990. In late 2000, the Euroclear System was transferred to a new entity, Euroclear Bank, a fully-owned subsidiary of the Euroclear Group that has remained one of the world's two leading international CSDs, the other being Clearstream Banking SA in nearby Luxembourg. Other entities of the Euroclear group include major national CSDs acquired by Euroclear in the 2000s in Belgium, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the UK. The name "Euroclear" is often misinterpreted as indicating a clearing activity of the Euroclear group, which is actually not the case. This confusion co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euroclear Bank
Euroclear Bank is the international central securities depository (ICSD) of the Euroclear Group, based in Brussels, Belgium. It is one of the world's two main ICSDs, the other one being Clearstream Banking SA in Luxembourg. As of 2018, it was the third-largest CSD by value of securities held, behind only Fedwire Securities Service and the Depository Trust Company, and the world's leading CSD by value of delivery instructions. Overview On , Euroclear Bank took over the operation of the Euroclear System from Morgan Guaranty, which had initiated it in 1967-1968. As of 2023, Euroclear Bank maintained branches in Hong Kong, Kraków, and Tokyo as well as representative offices in Beijing, Dubai, Frankfurt, New York, and Singapore. Supervision As a licensed bank, Euroclear Bank is subject to European Banking Supervision and supervised as such by the National Bank of Belgium (NBB) under the oversight of the European Central Bank (ECB), having been designated by the latter as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euroclear Belgium
Euroclear Belgium is one of three central securities depositories (CSDs) in Belgium, together with Euroclear Bank and NBB-SSS. It is the main CSD for Belgian securities other than government bonds. Both Euroclear Belgium and Euroclear Bank are fully-owned entities of the Euroclear Group, which is like them is headquartered in Brussels. Overview The Caisse Interprofessionnelle de Dépôts et de Virements de Titres / Interprofessionele Effectendeposito- en Girokas (), abbreviated as CIK, was initiated in 1967, and formally created by Belgian Royal Decree of . In 1999, CIK merged with the Brussels Stock Exchange and the Belgium Futures and Options Exchange (BELFOX, est. 1991) to form Brussels Exchanges, abbreviated as BXS. In 2000, BXS merged with its Dutch and French counterparts to form Euronext. In December 2004, Euroclear announce it would acquire CIK from Euronext, following its takeovers of Sicovam (France) in 2001, and Necigef (Netherlands) and CRESTCo (UK) in 2002. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euroclear France
Euroclear France is the main central securities depository (CSD) in France. It is a fully-owned subsidiary of the Euroclear Group. Overview In 1941, the Vichy regime created the Caisse Centrale des Dépôts et Virements de Titres (CCDVT, ) with the intent of being able to track the ownership of French equities in the context of German occupation of France. Its inspiration was the Kassenverein system which had successfully operated in Germany for several decades. Deposit of shares at the CCDVT was made mandatory by subsequent Vichy legislation of . In the postwar period following the liberation of France, the deposit mandate was deemed harmful to civil liberties and lifted by legislation of and executive order of which established a replacement entity to the CCDVT, named the Société Interprofessionnelle de COmpensation des VAleurs Mobilières (), abbreviated as SICOVAM. In practice, the vast majority of securities holders kept their securities deposited at SICOVAM even thou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euroclear Nederland
Euroclear Nederland is the main central securities depository (CSD) in the Netherlands. It is a fully-owned subsidiary of the Euroclear Group. Overview The Nederlands Centraal Instituut voor Giraal Effectenverkeer (Necigef, ) started operations in September 1977, with nearly all Dutch physical securities deposited there. In the early 1990s, its safe on the Herengracht in Amsterdam held over 8 million paper documents with aggregate value above 800 billion euros. Necigef was fully owned by Amsterdam Exchanges, known as AEX. In 2000, AEX merged with its Belgian and French counterparts to form Euronext. On , Euroclear announced intent to acquire Necigef. The transaction was completed in two stages in February and April 2002. Following the acquisition, Necigef adopted Euroclear Nederland as its commercial name. In January 2009, the Euroclear-owned CSDs in Belgium and the Netherlands migrated to a technical platform known as the Euroclear Settlement of Euronext-zone Securities (ESES), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Securities Depository
A central securities depository (CSD) is a specialized financial market infrastructure organization holding securities such as shares or bonds, either in certificated or uncertificated ( dematerialized) form, allowing ownership to be easily transferred through a book entry rather than by a transfer of physical certificates. This allows brokers and financial companies to hold their securities at one location where they can be available for clearing and settlement. In recent decades this has usually been done electronically, making it much faster and easier than was traditionally the case where physical certificates had to be exchanged after a trade had been completed. In some cases these organizations also carry out centralized comparison and transaction processing such as clearing and settlement of securities transfers, securities pledges, and securities freezes. In modern corporate debt markets, investors achieve collateralization through CSDs. The CSDs operate as trustee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euroclear Sweden
Euroclear Sweden is the main central securities depository (CSD) in Sweden, headquartered in Stockholm. It is a fully-owned subsidiary of the Euroclear Group. Overview Värdepapperscentralen AB (VPC) was established in 1971 as the sole CSD for Sweden. It was owned jointly by Sweden's main banks: as of 2003, 98.6 percent of its capital was held by SEB, Handelsbanken, Nordea, and FöreningsSparbanken, with the residual 1.4 percent held by minor banks and investment firms. On , VPC announced its merger with its Finnish peer Arvopaperikeskus (APK) to form the Nordic Central Securities Depository (NCSD). As a consequence of the transaction, OM HEX AB, the owner of both the Finnish and Swedish stock exchanges, became owner of nearly 20 percent of NCSD, the rest remaining mainly owned by the four large Swedish banks. In subsequent years, the Swedish banks bought out the share of OM HEX, which had been renamed OMX in August 2004. On , Euroclear announced its acquisition of the NCSD, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euroclear UK & Ireland
Euroclear UK & International is a UK-based central securities depository that holds UK equities and UK gilts. It operates the CREST system, whose name stands for Certificateless Registry for Electronic Share Transfer. Originally known as CRESTCo (sometimes CrestCo), it was renamed in 2002, following acquisition by Euroclear, as Euroclear UK & Ireland; and in 2021, following the migration of Irish securities to Euroclear Bank, adopted its current name. History The CREST project was launched in 1993, following the TAURUS fiasco. The operating company CRESTCo was founded in 1996. In late 2001, Euroclear began negotiations to acquire CRESTCo. The transaction was completed in the second half of 2002. Operations CREST allows shareholders and bondholders to hold assets in a dematerialised, i.e. electronic form, rather than holding physical share certificates. CREST also serves a number of other important functions, such as assisting in the payments of dividends to shareholders. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
