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Estonian Passport
An Estonian passport ( et, Eesti kodaniku pass) is an international travel document issued to citizens of Estonia, and may also serve as proof of Estonian citizenship. Besides enabling the bearer to travel internationally and serving as indication of Estonian citizenship, the passport facilitates the process of securing assistance from Estonian consular officials abroad or other European Union member states in case an Estonian consular is absent, if needed. If an Estonian citizen wishes to receive an identity document, especially an Estonian passport, somewhere other than the foreign representation of the Republic of Estonia, then the bearer of the Estonian citizenship staying abroad could receive the travel documents in embassies of any EU country worldwide by paying 50 Euro. Many countries require passport validity of no less than 6 months and one or two blank pages. Every Estonian citizen is also a citizen of the European Union. The passport, along with the national identity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biometric Passport
A biometric passport (also known as an e-passport or a digital passport) is a traditional passport that has an embedded electronic microprocessor chip which contains biometric information that can be used to authenticate the identity of the passport holder. It uses contactless smart card technology, including a microprocessor chip (computer chip) and antenna (for both power to the chip and communication) embedded in the front or back cover, or centre page, of the passport. The passport's critical information is printed on the data page of the passport, repeated on the machine readable lines and stored in the chip. Public key infrastructure (PKI) is used to authenticate the data stored electronically in the passport chip, making it expensive and difficult to forge when all security mechanisms are fully and correctly implemented. Many countries are moving towards issuing biometric passports to their citizens. Malaysia was the first country to issue biometric passports in 1998. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Visa Requirements For Estonian Citizens
Visa requirements for Estonian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Estonia. As of 11 January 2022, Estonian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 181 countries and territories (tied with Latvian and Slovenian Passports), ranking the Estonian passport 10th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index. Holders of Estonian alien's passport face different visa requirements. __TOC__ Visa requirements map Visa requirements Territories and disputed areas Visa requirements for Estonian citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones: ; ;Europe * — Visa required. * — Visa required (issued for single entry for 21 days/1/2/3 months or multiple entry visa for 1/2/3 months).Travellers with Artsakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Artsakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan. * Mount Athos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Seafarer's Discharge Book
An Estonian seafarer's discharge book (Estonian: Meremehe teenistusraamat) is an identity document issued by Estonian Police and Border Guard Board in which the name, date of birth or personal identification code, and a photograph or facial image and the signature or image of signature of the holder are entered, unless otherwise provided by law or legislation established on the basis thereof. A seafarer who is an Estonian citizen shall be issued a seafarer’s discharge book which complies with the requirements of the “Convention concerning Seafarers’ National Identity Documents” of the International Labour Organisation (ILO). A seafarer’s discharge book shall be issued with a period of validity of up to five years. Identity Information Page The Estonia Passport includes the following data: * Photo of passport holder * Type (S) * Code of Issuing State (EST) * Passport No. * 1 Surname * 2 Given Names * 3 Nationality * 4 Date of Birth * 5 Personal No. * 6 Sex * 7 Place of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian ID Card
The Estonian identity card ( et, ID-kaart) is a mandatory identity document for citizens of Estonia. In addition to regular identification of a person, an ID-card can also be used for establishing one's identity in electronic environment and for giving one's digital signature. Within Europe (except Belarus, Russia, Ukraine and United Kingdom) as well as French overseas territories and Georgia, the Estonian ID Card can be used by the citizens of Estonia as a travel document. The mandatory identity document of a citizen of the European Union is also an identity card, also known as an ID card. The Estonian ID Card can be used to cross the Estonian border, however Estonian authorities cannot guarantee that other EU member states will accept the card as a travel document. In addition to regular identification of a person, an ID-card can also be used for establishing one's identity in electronic environment and for giving one's digital signature. With the Estonian ID-card the citizen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electronic System For Travel Authorization
The Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) is an automated system that determines the eligibility of visitors to travel to the United States under the Visa Waiver Program (VWP). ESTA was mandated by the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007. ESTA only authorizes travel to a U.S. airport, border or port of entry, but admissibility into the United States is determined by a U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officer upon arrival. The ESTA application collects biographic information and answers to VWP eligibility questions. ESTA applications may be made at any time, but travelers are encouraged to apply at least 72 hours prior to travel. ESTA has an application fee of $4, and if approved, an additional fee of $17 is charged, for a total of $21. After approval, the authorization remains valid for two years, or until the passport expires if earlier, for multiple trips during that period. Each person traveling under the VWP, regardless of age ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Visa Waiver Program
The Visa Waiver Program (VWP) is a program of the United States federal government that allows nationals of specific countries to travel to the U.S. for tourism, business, or while in transit for up to 90 days without having to obtain a visa. It applies to all fifty U.S. states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, as well as to Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, which also have an additional program with waivers for more nationalities; American Samoa has a similar but separate program. All the countries selected for the VWP by the U.S. government are generally regarded as developed countries, with high-income economies and a very high Human Development Index. Other visa waivers exist for citizens of certain jurisdictions. Eligible countries To be eligible for a visa waiver under the VWP, the traveler seeking admission to the United States must be a national of a country that has been designated by the U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citizenship And Migration Board (Estonia)
The Citizenship and Migration Board (CMB) was a government agency in Estonia under the Ministry of Internal Affairs that was in charge of enforcing regulations concerning immigration and nationality. In 2010, it was merged with other agencies and formed Police and Border Guard Board. Issuance of travel documents The CMB was the authority which issued the following Estonian travel documents: *Estonian passport *Estonian alien's passport *Estonian identity card Processing of nationality applications The CMB was responsible for processing applications and enquiries concerning Estonian citizenship Estonian citizenship law details the conditions by which a person is a citizen of Estonia. The primary law currently governing these requirements is the Citizenship Act, which came into force on 1 April 1995. Estonia is a member state of the .... Immigration control The CMB was responsible for enforcing visa/residence permit regulations and for processing asylum/refugee requests. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gemalto
Gemalto was an international digital security company providing software applications, secure personal devices such as smart cards and tokens, and managed services. It was formed in June 2006 by the merger of two companies, Axalto and Gemplus International. Gemalto N.V.'s revenue in 2018 was €2.969 billion. The company was purchased by Thales Group in April 2019 and is now operating as Thales DIS (Digital Identity and Security). Gemalto was until its acquisition the world's largest manufacturer of Subscriber identity module, SIM cards. Thales DIS is headquartered in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and has subsidiaries and group companies in several countries. It has approximately 15,000 employees in 110 offices; along with 24 production sites, 47 personalization centers, and 35 R&D centers in 47 countries. History In June 2006, smart card providers Gemplus and Axalto merged to become Gemalto (a portmanteau of the original company names.) Axalto was a Schlumberger IPO spin-off i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Visa Requirements For Estonian Non-citizens
Visa requirements for Estonian non-citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on holders of an Estonian alien's passport. __TOC__ Visa requirements map Visa-free access Non-citizens of Estonia may enter the following countries and territories without a visa: See also * Visa requirements for Estonian citizens * Visa requirements for Latvian non-citizens * Estonian passport An Estonian passport ( et, Eesti kodaniku pass) is an international travel document issued to citizens of Estonia, and may also serve as proof of Estonian citizenship. Besides enabling the bearer to travel internationally and serving as indicat ... References {{Visa Requirements Estonian non-citizens Foreign relations of Estonia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Statelessness
In international law, a stateless person is someone who is "not considered as a national by any state under the operation of its law". Some stateless people are also refugees. However, not all refugees are stateless, and many people who are stateless have never crossed an international border. On November 12, 2018, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees stated there are about 12 million stateless people in the world. Causes Conflict of law Conflicting nationality laws are one of the causes of statelessness. Nationality is usually acquired through one of two modes, although many nations recognize both modes today: * ''Jus soli'' ("right of the soil") denotes a regime by which nationality is acquired through birth on the territory of the state. This is common in the Americas. * ''Jus sanguinis'' ("right of blood") is a regime by which nationality is acquired through descent, usually from a parent who is a national. Almost all states in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Alien's Passport
An Estonian Alien's Passport ( et, välismaalase pass) is a travel document that may be issued to a person who is stateless or of undefined citizenship residing in Estonia by the Police and Border Guard Board of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. It can also be used as an identity document. Estonia has about 80,000 to 90,000 alien's passports. History After independence in 1991, the Estonian government automatically granted Estonian citizenship to the persons who resided in the country before its annexation by the Soviet Union in 1940, as well as to their descendants. Those who could not prove that or arrived after 1940 and their children born in Estonia or elsewhere could acquire Estonian citizenship on condition that they be proficient in the Estonian language and know the country's history. But about 125,000 people (most but not all of whom were Russian speakers) who failed the tests or refused to take them have become stateless, or “non-citizens”, who hold a grey passpo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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