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Estonian SSR
The Estonian SSR,, russian: Эстонская ССР officially the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic,, russian: Эстонская Советская Социалистическая Республика was an National delimitation in the Soviet Union, ethnically based administrative subdivision of the former Soviet Union (USSR) covering the Occupation of the Baltic states, occupied and annexed territory of Estonia in 1940–1941 and 1944–1991. The Estonian SSR was nominally established to replace the until then Estonia, independent Republic of Estonia on 21 July 1940, a month after the 16–17 June 1940 Timeline of the occupation of the Baltic states, Soviet military invasion and occupation of the country during World War II. After the installation of a Stalinism, Stalinist communist government, government which, backed by the occupying Soviet Red Army, declared Estonia a Soviet constituency, the Estonian SSR was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union as a "R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emblem Of The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
Emblem of the Estonian SSR was adopted by the Stalinist authorities after the Soviet Union had occupied and annexed Estonia in August 1940. The emblem features a sunrise accented by sunbeams, the hammer and sickle for the victory of communism and the "world-wide socialist community of states", and the red star to represent the affiliation to communism. The emblem consists mainly of the colors red, yellow and green. In the lower part the interlaced text reads, in Estonian (for ''Eesti Nõukogude Sotsialistlik Vabariik'', ''Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic''). To the right, rye stalks encircle the center of the coat of arms, and to the left arcs a branch of a coniferous tree. The banner bears the USSR State motto ("Proletarians of all countries, unite!") in both Estonian ('''') and Russian ( ''Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes′!''). The official usage of the Soviet emblem was discontinued in Estonia in 1990, as the country switched back to the original coat of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthem Of The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
The anthem of the Estonian SSR; russian: Гимн Эстонской ССР was the Soviet regional anthem of the Estonian SSR between 1945 and 1990 when Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union (USSR). Background The anthem was presented to the central government of the USSR in May 1944, three months after the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR had issued a decree on 3 February 1944, "On the State Anthems of the Soviet Republics." The melody of the anthem was composed by Gustav Ernesaks, and the lyrics written by Johannes Semper. It, the Anthem of Karelo-Finnish SSR, anthem of the Karelo-Finnish SSR, and the anthem of the Georgian SSR were the only Soviet regional anthems not to mention the Russians, Russian people. After Stalin died in 1953, a period of de-Stalinization began. On July 21, 1956, the third stanza of the anthem's lyrics was changed to remove all mentions of Stalin. Throughout most of the time Estonia was a part of the USSR (1940–1991) performing or r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occupation Of The Baltic States
The Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were invaded and occupied in June 1940 by the Soviet Union, under the leadership of Stalin and auspices of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact that had been signed between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in August 1939, immediately before the outbreak of World War II. The three countries were then annexed into the Soviet Union (formally as "constituent republics") in August 1940. The United States and most other Western countries never recognised this incorporation, considering it illegal. On 22 June 1941, Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union and within weeks occupied the Baltic territories. In July 1941, the Third Reich incorporated the Baltic territory into its ''Reichskommissariat Ostland''. As a result of the Red Army's Baltic Offensive of 1944, the Soviet Union recaptured most of the Baltic states and trapped the remaining German forces in the Courland pocket until their formal surrender in May 1945. Latvian plenipotenti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of Estonia
The Communist Party of Estonia ( et, Eestimaa Kommunistlik Partei, abbreviated EKP) was a subdivision of the Soviet communist party which in 1920-1940 operated illegally in Estonia and, after the 1940 occupation and annexation of Estonia by the Soviet Union, was formally re-merged into the USSR's All-Union Communist Party (bolsheviks). The predecessor of EKP was formed on 5 November 1920, when the Central Committee of the Estonian Sections of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was separated from its mother party. During the first half of the 1920s the Bolsheviks' hopes for an immediate world revolution were still high, and Estonian communists had their own hopes of restoring their power. Widespread economic and social crisis supported their hopes. Activists of the party had not only to support the agenda, but also to be ready to participate in the illegal actions, such as organising conspirative apartments, transporting weapons and communist propaganda material, hide unde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Soviet Of The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR ( Estonian: ''Eesti NSV Ülemnõukogu'') was the rubber stamp "legislative assembly" of the Estonian SSR – an administrative subunit of the Soviet Union in 1940–1991. After its first democratic elections on 18 March 1990, the institution was renamed the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia on 8 May 1990. Organization The structure and formal functions of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR were copied from the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The sessions of the Supreme Soviet lasted only several days twice a year and decisions were made unanimously and without much discussion. Supreme Soviet elections were irregular until 1975 and were held every five years in 1975–1985. The Supreme Soviet gathered in Tallinn, in the Toompea Castle building which now houses the Riigikogu. Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet Presidents of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet The presidium was the permanent body of the Supreme Soviet. Its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indrek Toome
Indrek Toome (born 19 September 1943) is a former communist Estonian politician and businessman. He served from 1988 to 1990, and was the last Prime Minister (head of the Council of Ministers) of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic. Early life Toome was born into a working-class family in Tallinn. He completed his studies in 1968 as an electrical engineer at the Polytechnic Institute in Tallinn (Estonian ''Tallinna Polütehniline Instituut,'' now Tallinn University of Technology). Career From 1972 to 1990, Toome held various senior posts in the Leninist Young Communist League of Estonia (''Eestimaa Leninlik Kommunistlik Noorsooühing'' - ELKNÜ) and the Communist Party of Estonia (ERP). From 16 November 1988 until 1990, Toome was chairman of the Ministers of the Estonian SSR and therefore prime minister of communist Estonia. It was under his leadership that the government succumbed to pressure from the Singing Revolution, the peaceful liberation of Estonia from the do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Lauristin
Johannes Lauristin (pseudonym: Juhan Madarik; 29 October 1899 – 28 August 1941) was an Estonian communist politician, activist, writer and statesman who served as the first Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic. Hs wife was communist politician Olga Lauristin and his daughter was politician Marju Lauristin. Biography Lauristin was born in to a family of industrial workers. After the revolutionary events of 1917, he quit his work and joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks). In 1919, he was enrolled in the Army of the Republic of Estonia and participated in the War of Independence. After independence, Lauristin became a member of the illegal Estonian Communist Youth Union and worked as an editor in various underground newspapers and magazines. In the same year, he joined the Communist Party of Estonia and became a member of the Central Council of the Estonian Workers' General Union. He was a membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Chairmen Of The Council Of Ministers Of The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic was the second-highest official in the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, which was in turn a part of the Soviet Union. Below is a list of office-holders: {, class="wikitable" ! Name ! Entered office ! Left office , - , Johannes Lauristin , August 25, 1940 , August 28, 1941 , - , colspan="3" align=center, ''Vacant (August 28, 1941 – June 17, 1942)'' , - , Oskar Sepre (acting)In RSFSR exile 1942-1944 , June 17, 1942 , September 28, 1944 , - , Arnold Veimer , September 28, 1944 , March 29, 1951 , - , Aleksei Müürisepp , March 29, 1951 , October 12, 1961 , - , Valter Klauson , October 12, 1961 , January 18, 1984 , - , Bruno Saul , January 18, 1984 , November 16, 1988 , - , Indrek Toome , November 16, 1988 , April 3, 1990 See also *Prime Minister of Estonia The Prime Minister of Estonia (Estonian: ''peaminister'') is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. The prime min ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnold Rüütel
Arnold Rüütel OIH () (born 10 May 1928) is an Estonian politician and agricultural scientist. He has served as the last chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR from 8 April 1983 to 29 March 1990, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR (from 8 May 1990: Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia) from 29 March 1990 to 6 October 1992, and was the third president of Estonia from 8 October 2001 to 9 October 2006. He was the second president since Estonia regained independence in 1991. Rüütel also served as one of fifteen Deputy Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Childhood Rüütel born in Pahavalla village in Laimjala Parish, Saaremaa. His parents were Feodor Rüütel (1900−1965) and Juulia Rüütel (1905−1990). He graduated from the Agricultural College in Jäneda in 1949. During the Soviet era He worked as a senior agronomist in Saaremaa (1949−1950) and then as a teacher at the Tartu School of Agricultural Mechanizat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Vares
Johannes Vares (pen name Barbarus or Vares-Barbarus – 29 November 1946) was an Estonian and Soviet poet, medical doctor, and politician. Vares was born in a farmer family in the village of Kiisa, near Viljandi, Estonia. He received secondary education at Pärnu Gymnasium, and in 1910–1914 studied medicine at the University of Kyiv. Vares served as a military physician in World War I, and after that as a military physician for the Estonian Army during the Estonian War of Independence (1918–1920). He was awarded the Estonian Cross of Liberty for the participation. In the 1920s, Vares started working as a medical doctor in Pärnu. He subsequently became a well-known poet as well as a radical socialist, using the pen name Johannes Barbarus. When Soviet troops occupied Estonia in June 1940, Andrei Zhdanov forced president Konstantin Päts to appoint Vares as prime minister of a communist-dominated puppet government. Päts resigned in July 1940, and Vares formally took over ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Chairmen Of The Presidium Of The Supreme Soviet Of The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic was the highest official in the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, which was in turn a part of the Soviet Union. Below is a list of office-holders: {, class="wikitable" ! Image ! Name ! Entered office ! Left office , - , , Johannes VaresIn RSFSR exile 1941-1944 , August 25, 1940 , November 29, 1946 , - , , Nigol Andresen (acting) , November 29, 1946 , March 5, 1947 , - , , Eduard Päll , March 5, 1947 , July 4, 1950 , - , , August Jakobson , July 4, 1950 , February 4, 1958 , - , , Johan Eichfeld , February 4, 1958 , October 12, 1961 , - , , Aleksei Müürisepp , October 12, 1961 , October 7, 1970 , - , , Aleksander Ansberg (acting) , October 7, 1970 , December 22, 1970 , - , , Artur Vader , December 22, 1970 , May 25, 1978 , - , , Meta Vannas (acting) , May 25, 1978 , July 26, 1978 , - , , Johannes Käbin , July 26, 1978 , April 8, 1983 , - , , Arnold Rüütel , April ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaino Väljas
Vaino Väljas (; born 28 March 1931 in Külaküla, Hiiumaa) is a former Soviet and Estonian politician. He was the Chairman of the 6th Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR from 18 April 1963 to 19 March 1967, first secretary of communist party of Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic from 16 June 1988 to April 1990 and chairman of the party from April 1990 to August 1991. Biography Early life He was born on 28 March 1931 on the island of Hiiumaa in Estonia. After Estonia was annexed by the Soviet Union, Väljas became a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1952. In 1955, he graduated from Tartu State University (TSU). Career In 1949, he began working at the Komsomol. From 1955 to 1961 he held the office of First Secretary of the Central Committee of the ELKNÜ. From 1961 to 1971, Väljas was First Secretary of the Tallinn City Committee of the Communist Party of Estonia. From 1971 to 1980, he was Secretary of the Central Committee of the EKP. Since Vä ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
