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Esmonde Higgins
Esmonde Macdonald Higgins (26 March 1897 - 25 December 1960) was an Australian political activist and adult education proponent. He was a prominent figure in the early years of the Communist Party of Australia, serving as editor of its official newspaper and running its agitprop department. However, he later became disillusioned with the party and concentrated on his work with the Workers' Educational Association (WEA). Early life Higgins was born on 26 March 1897 in Malvern, Victoria. He was the second of the six surviving children of Catherine (née McDonald) and John Higgins. His sister Nettie Palmer became a prominent literary critic. Their father, an accountant, was born in Ireland, as were his siblings H. B. Higgins, who served on the High Court of Australia, and Ina Higgins, a landscape architect. Higgins attended Scotch College, Melbourne, where he was a prefect and dux. His sister Nettie and brother-in-law Vance Palmer introduced him to the Victorian Socialist Par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malvern, Victoria
Malvern () is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria (Australia), Victoria, Australia, 8 km south-east of Melbourne's Melbourne city centre, Central Business District, located within the City of Stonnington Local government areas of Victoria, local government area. Malvern recorded a population of 9,929 at the 2021 Australian census, 2021 census. History The area of Malvern was first settled by Europeans in 1835. John Gardiner (Australia), John Gardiner was one of its first European settlers. A small hamlet known as "Gardiners Creek" (1851 Melbourne Postal Directory) was settled, but it diminished with the gold rush. The Gardiners Creek, nearby creek was also named Gardiners Creek. Gardiners Creek Road (now Burwood Highway, Toorak Road) ran from South Yarra, east to the junction of Gardiners Creek and onto the Gardiner Homestead, which is now the site of Scotch College, Melbourne, Scotch College. In the 1860s the Road districts of Victoria (Australia), Gardiners Creek Roads Boar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scotch College, Melbourne
(For God, for Country, and for Learning) , established = , type = Independent, day and boarding , gender = Boys , denomination = Presbyterian , slogan = , principal = Robert McLaren (Acting) , chairman = Alex Sloan , founder = James Forbes , chaplain = Rev. Douglas Campbell & Rev. David Assender , streetaddress = 1 Morrison Street , city = Hawthorn , state = Victoria , postcode = 3122 , country = Australia , coordinates = , enrolment = 1,868 , grades_label = Years , grades = P– 12 , staff = ~300 , colours = Cardinal, gold and blue , affiliation = Associated Public Schools of Victoria , homepage = ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lance Sharkey
Lawrence Louis Sharkey (19 August 1898 – 13 May 1967), commonly known as Lance Sharkey or L. L. Sharkey, was an Australian trade unionist and communist leader. From 1948 to 1965 he served as the secretary-general of Communist Party of Australia (CPA). Sharkey was an orthodox Communist throughout his political career, closely following the prevailing Soviet line in each major turn of policy. Biography Early years Lawrence Sharkey was born on 18 August 1898 at Warree Creek, near Cargo, via Orange, New South Wales. His farming parents, Michael and Mary, were Irish and raised him as a Roman Catholic: a religious background he would share with numerous other Australian communist officials. He left school when only 14 years old, and commenced an apprenticeship as a coachmaker in Orange. Later he worked as a farmhand, claiming that itinerant bushworkers drew him into the anti- conscription struggle during World War I and into support of the Industrial Workers of the World. After ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Fascism
Social fascism (also socio-fascism) was a theory that was supported by the Communist International (Comintern) and affiliated communist parties in the early 1930s that held that social democracy was a variant of fascism because it stood in the way of a dictatorship of the proletariat, in addition to a shared corporatist economic model. At the time, leaders of the Comintern such as Joseph Stalin and Rajani Palme Dutt argued that capitalist society had entered the Third Period in which a proletarian revolution was imminent, but this could be prevented by social democrats and other "fascist" forces. The term ''social fascist'' was used pejoratively to describe social democratic parties, anti-Comintern and progressive socialist parties and dissenters within Comintern affiliates throughout the interwar period. The social fascism theory was advocated vociferously by the Communist Party of Germany, which was largely controlled and funded by the Soviet leadership from 1928. Overview A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
6th World Congress Of The Comintern
The Sixth Congress of the Communist International was held in Moscow from July 17 to September 1, 1928. The Congress was attended by 515 delegates from 65 organizations (including 50 Communist Parties) from 57 countries. Adopting the theory of the "Third Period", Congress proclaimed social democracy to be "social fascism." General assessment of the political environment The Congress noted the approach of a new ("third") period in the revolutionary development of the world after the October Revolution - a period of a sharp exacerbation of all the contradictions of capitalism, characterized by an impending global economic crisis, an increase in class struggle and a new upsurge of the liberation movement in colonial and dependent countries. In this regard, the Congress approved the tactics outlined by the 9th plenum of the ECCI (February 1928), expressed by the formula "class against class". Social fascism thesis The Congress developed the strategic directive adopted by the Fifth C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wesley College, Perth
Wesley College, informally known as Wesley, is an independent, day and boarding school for boys and girls (co-ed to Year 6 and boys only Years 7–12), situated in South Perth, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia. The college is a Uniting Church school, which traces its origins back to 1923 when it was established by members of the Methodist Church which was founded by John Wesley. Since its foundation, the college has been located on a 19 hectare riverside property, near the banks of the Swan River. The campus consists of a Junior School (Manning House) for Pre-kindergarten to Year 4, a Middle School (Years 5 to 8) and a Senior School (Years 9 to 12), performing arts, sporting grounds and boarding facilities for 150 students. Wesley College is affiliated with the Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA), the Australian Boarding Schools' Association (ABSA), the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA), the Association of Independent Sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harry Pollitt
Harry Pollitt (22 November 1890 – 27 June 1960) was a British communist who served as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) from 1929 to September 1939 and again from 1941 until his death in 1960. Pollitt spent most of his life advocating communism. Ideologically a Marxist-Leninist, Pollitt was an adherent particularly of Joseph Stalin even after Stalin's death and disavowal by Nikita Khrushchev. Pollitt's acts included opposition to the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War and Polish–Soviet War, support for the Spanish Republicans during the Spanish Civil War, both support and opposition to the war against Nazi Germany, defence of the communist coup in Czechoslovakia, and support for the 1956 Soviet invasion of Hungary. He contested a number of parliamentary elections, but never won, despite coming close in 1945. Throughout his time as leader of CPGB, he was in direct secret radio contact with Moscow as CPGB's "Code Holder", and wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labor Council Of New South Wales
The Labor Council of New South Wales, branded Unions NSW, is the peak body for trade unions in the state of New South Wales, Australia. As of 2005 there are 67 unions and 8 Rural and Regional Trades & Labor Councils affiliated to the Labor Council, representing 800,000 workers in NSW. It is registered as the State Peak Council of Employees under Section 215 of the ''Industrial Relations Act 1996'' (NSW). The council is affiliated with the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU). History The Labor Council was formed by six unions in 1871, and originally called the ''Trades & Labor Council of Sydney''. The council experienced rapid growth during its early history, with the number of affiliated unions tripling between 1885 and 1890, and total membership reaching 35,000 in that year, or 60% of union members in the Colony of New South Wales. By 1891, 21.5% of all employees in the colony were union members, making it the most organised workforce in the world. Union organisation in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sydney
Sydney ( ) is the capital city of the state of New South Wales, and the most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Sydney Harbour and extends about towards the Blue Mountains to the west, Hawkesbury to the north, the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west. Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs, spread across 33 local government areas. Residents of the city are known as "Sydneysiders". The 2021 census recorded the population of Greater Sydney as 5,231,150, meaning the city is home to approximately 66% of the state's population. Estimated resident population, 30 June 2017. Nicknames of the city include the 'Emerald City' and the 'Harbour City'. Aboriginal Australians have inhabited the Greater Sydney region for at least 30,000 years, and Aboriginal engravings and cultural sites are common throughout Greater Sydney. The traditional custodians of the land on which modern Sydney stands are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labour Research Department
The Labour Research Department (LRD) is an independent trade union based research organisation, based in London, that provides information to support trade union activity and campaigns. About 2,000 trade union organisations, including 51 national unions in the UK, representing more than 99% of total Trades Union Congress (TUC) membership, are affiliated. LRD had its beginnings as the Committee of Inquiry into the Control of Industry, set up by the Fabian Society in 1912. The following year the committee was consolidated as the Fabian Research Department. Its first monthly bulletin was established in 1917, as the ''Monthly Circular''. In 1918 the organisation broadened its membership and changed its name to the Labour Research Department. Publications LRD publishes extensively on employment law, including the annual guide Law at Work. LRD publishes LRD booklets, Labour Research, Workplace Report, Fact Service and Safety Rep. Full information on LRD's publications is available on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Australian Imperial Force
The First Australian Imperial Force (1st AIF) was the main expeditionary force of the Australian Army during the First World War. It was formed as the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) following Britain's declaration of war on Germany on 15 August 1914, with an initial strength of one infantry division and one light horse brigade. The infantry division subsequently fought at Gallipoli between April and December 1915, with a newly raised second division, as well as three light horse brigades, reinforcing the committed units. After being evacuated to Egypt, the AIF was expanded to five infantry divisions, which were committed to the fighting in France and Belgium along the Western Front in March 1916. A sixth infantry division was partially raised in 1917 in the United Kingdom, but was broken up and used as reinforcements following heavy casualties on the Western Front. Meanwhile, two mounted divisions remained in the Middle East to fight against Turkish forces in the Sinai an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick Sinclaire
Frederick Sinclaire (1881–1954) was a notable New Zealand Unitarian minister, pacifist, social critic, university professor and essayist. He was born in Papakura Valley, Auckland, New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ... in 1881. References External links Annotations' (1920 booklet by Sinclaire) 1881 births 1954 deaths New Zealand Unitarians New Zealand academics People from Auckland Social critics {{NewZealand-academic-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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