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Equalization (other)
Equalization may refer to: Science and technology * Bandwidth equalization, in computer networking * Blind equalization, a digital signal processing technique * Delay equalization * Equalization (communications), specific to communications systems * Equalization (audio), specific to audio signals and sound processing * Equalizing basin, a reservoir used to regulate water flow below a dam * Histogram equalization * RIAA equalization, the RIAA specification for the correct playback of gramophone records Economics and finance * Factor price equalization * Equalization payments * Equalization pool * Property tax equalization * Risk equalization * Tax equalization of wages across countries * Interest Equalization Tax Other * Equalization of pressure within the ear, a.k.a. ear clearing * Equalization of pressure in the Diving mask * Equalization, sharing of load in anchors for rappelling and rock climbing See also * Equalizer (other) * Equal (other) Equal(s) ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bandwidth Equalization
Bandwidth management is the process of measuring and controlling the communications (traffic, packets) on a network link, to avoid filling the link to capacity or overfilling the link,https://www.internetsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/BWroundtable_report-1.0.pdf Internet Society on Bandwidth Management which would result in network congestion and poor performance of the network. Bandwidth is described by bit rate and measured in units of bits per second (bit/s) or bytes per second (B/s). Bandwidth management mechanisms and techniques Bandwidth management mechanisms may be used to further engineer performance and includes: * Traffic shaping (rate limiting): **Token bucket **Leaky bucket ** TCP rate control - artificially adjusting TCP window size as well as controlling the rate of ACKs being returned to the sender * Scheduling algorithms: ** Weighted fair queuing (WFQ) ** Class based weighted fair queuing ** Weighted round robin (WRR) ** Deficit weighted round robin (DWRR ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equalization Pool
An equalization pool is a fund created to level out differences in financial risk, often across long periods of time, in a process known as risk equalization. Examples include mandatory health insurance and grower co-operatives. Health insurance In health insurance, equalization pools are used in countries such as Ireland, Australia, Germany and the Netherlands, to balance risks in groups of people of varying levels of health to ensure medical risks are covered for people who might otherwise be difficult to insure. The policies are also called high-risk pools and are made for covering the sickest uninsured people. For insurance companies, giving service to those citizens is deeply risky, so the government gives them some money to reduce the cost. In normal insurance markets, insurers price high-risk individuals at a higher premium to discourage them from buying insurance and offer lower-risk individuals lower premiums. That can make insurance phenomenally expensive for the elderly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anchor (climbing)
In rock climbing, an anchor can be any device or method for attaching a climber, a rope, or a load above or onto a climbing surfacetypically rock, ice, steep dirt, or a buildingeither permanently or temporarily. The intention of an anchor is case-specific but is usually for fall protection, primarily fall arrest and fall restraint. Climbing anchors are also used for hoisting, holding static loads, or redirecting (also called deviating) a rope. Types of anchors Depending on the surface being climbed, there are many types of protection that can be used to construct an anchor, including natural protection such as boulders and trees, or artificial protection such as cams, nuts, bolts or pitons. Natural anchor A natural anchor is a secure natural feature which can serve as a climbing anchor by attaching a sling, lanyard, or cordelette and a carabiner. Examples of natural anchors include trees, boulders, lodged chockstones, horns, icicles, and protrusions. Artificial anchor An ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diving Mask
Diving most often refers to: * Diving (sport), the sport of jumping into deep water * Underwater diving, human activity underwater for recreational or occupational purposes Diving or Dive may also refer to: Sports * Dive (American football), a type of play in American football * Diving (association football), a simulation of being fouled * Diving (ice hockey), embellishing an infraction in an attempt to draw a penalty * Sport diving (sport), competitive scuba diving using recreational techniques in a swimming pool * Taking a dive, or match fixing, intentionally losing a match, especially in boxing Film and television Film * ''Dive'' (film), a 1929 German silent film * ''The Dive'' (1990 film), a Norwegian action thriller * ''Dive!'' (film), a 2010 documentary film by Jeremy Sefert * ''Dive'', a 2014 New Zealand short film written and directed by Matthew J. Saville * ''The Dive'' (2018 film), an Israeli film TV * ''Dive'' (TV series), a 2010 British drama * "The Dive" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ear Clearing
Ear clearing or clearing the ears or equalization is any of various maneuvers to equalize the pressure in the middle ear with the outside pressure, by letting air enter along the Eustachian tubes, as this does not always happen automatically when the pressure in the middle ear is lower than the outside pressure. This need can arise in scuba diving, freediving/spearfishing, skydiving, fast descent in an aircraft, fast descent in a mine cage, and being put into pressure in a caisson or similar pressure-bearing structure, or sometimes even simply travelling at fast speeds in an automobile. People who do intense weight lifting, like squats, may experience sudden conductive hearing loss due to air pressure building up inside the ear. They are advised to engage in an ear clearing method to relieve pressure, or pain if any. Methods The ears can be cleared by various methods, some of which pose a distinct risk of barotrauma including perforation of the eardrum: * Yawning which he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interest Equalization Tax
Interest Equalization Tax was a domestic tax measure implemented by U.S. President John F. Kennedy in July 1963. It was meant to make it less profitable for U.S. investors to invest abroad by taxing the purchase of foreign securities. The design of the tax was to reduce the balance-of-payment deficit. Originally intended to be a temporary tax, it lasted until 1974. Purpose The purpose of the tax was to decrease the balance of payments deficit in the US. This was achieved conceptually by making investments in foreign securities less appealing. By increasing the price of the security, investors will buy fewer of them, all else equal. With fewer domestic investors purchasing foreign securities, capital outflows will be lower, thereby reducing the balance-of-payments deficit. The equation for the balance of payments is: : \text = \text + \text \pm \text \, The identity for the capital account is: : \begin \mbox & = \mbox \\ & - \mbox \\ \end So when capital outflows decrease, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tax Equalization
{{Taxation, expanded=International Tax equalization is a policy applied by some international companies under which employees who are hired in one country and later accept a (temporary) assignment in another country do not have their total after-tax ("take-home") compensation changed depending on the tax regimes of the country they move to. If the employees is assigned to a country with lower taxes, the company takes the savings. On the other hand, if they move to a country with higher taxation, the company pays the excess. Either way, under a tax equalizaiton policy, the after-tax compensation received by the employee is same. The purpose of such policies is to help companies fulfill international staffing needs without employees being incentivized or disincentivized from accepting particular assignments due to tax differences between countries. A similar policy which only benefits the employee (reducing taxes if working abroad results in higher taxes, but not raising them if wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Risk Equalization
Risk equalization is a way of equalizing the risk profiles of insurance members to avoid loading risk premium, premiums on the insured to some predetermined extent. In health insurance, it enables private health insurance to operate in some countries to be offered at a common rate for all even though insurers are not allowed by law to reject clients or impose special conditions for their health insurance. That is achieved by transfer payments by a risk equalization pool usually run by a neutral party, such as a government agency. Health care In unregulated competitive markets for individual health insurance, risk-rated premiums are observed to differ across subgroups of insured people, which are defined by rating factors such as ageing, age, gender, family size, geographic area (because costs of care may be higher or lower in some coverage areas than others) profession, occupation, length of contract period, the level of deductible, health status at time of enrollment, health habi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Property Tax Equalization
Equalization is a step in property taxation to bring a uniformity to tax assessment levels across different geographical areas or classes of properties. Equalization is usually in the form of a uniform percentage of increase or decrease to each area or class of property. Attempts at explicit equalization in tax assessments date back at least as early as 1799. See also * Fair market value The fair market value of property is the price at which it would change hands between a willing and informed buyer and seller. The term is used throughout the Internal Revenue Code, as well as in bankruptcy laws, in many state laws, and by several ... References {{tax-stub Evaluation methods Equalization Tax law ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equalization Payments
Equalization payments are cash payments made in some federal systems of government from the federal government to subnational governments with the objective of offsetting differences in available revenue or in the cost of providing services. Many federations use fiscal equalisation to reduce the inequalities in the fiscal capacities of sub-national governments arising from the differences in their geography, demography, natural endowments and economies. The level of equalisation sought can vary, however. The payments are generally calculated based on the magnitude of the subnational "fiscal gap": essentially the difference between fiscal need and fiscal capacity. Fiscal capacity and fiscal need are not equivalent to measures of fiscal revenue and expenditure, as making them so would induce perverse incentives to subnational governments to reduce fiscal effort. Australia Australia introduced a formal system of horizontal fiscal equalisation (HFE) in 1933 to compensate states/territ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blind Equalization
Blind equalization is a digital signal processing technique in which the transmitted signal is inferred ( equalized) from the received signal, while making use only of the transmitted signal statistics. Hence, the use of the word ''blind'' in the name. Blind equalization is essentially blind deconvolution applied to digital communications. Nonetheless, the emphasis in blind equalization is on online estimation of the equalization filter, which is the inverse of the channel impulse response, rather than the estimation of the channel impulse response itself. This is due to blind deconvolution common mode of usage in digital communications systems, as a means to extract the continuously transmitted signal from the received signal, with the channel impulse response being of secondary intrinsic importance. The estimated equalizer is then convolved with the received signal to yield an estimation of the transmitted signal. Problem statement Noiseless model Assuming a linear time i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Factor Price Equalization
Factor price equalization is an economic theory, by Paul A. Samuelson (1948), which states that the prices of identical factors of production, such as the wage rate or the rent of capital, will be equalized across countries as a result of international trade in commodities. The theorem assumes that there are two goods and two factors of production, for example capital and labour. Other key assumptions of the theorem are that each country faces the same commodity prices, because of free trade in commodities, uses the same technology for production, and produces both goods. Crucially these assumptions result in factor prices being equalized across countries without the need for factor mobility, such as migration of labor or capital flows. A simple summary of this theory is when the prices of the output goods are equalized between countries as they move to free trade, then the prices of the factors (capital and labor) will also be equalized between countries. Whichever factor receives ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
