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Equal Pay Act 1970
The Equal Pay Act 1970 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that prohibited any less favourable treatment between men and women in terms of pay and conditions of employment. The Act was proposed by the then Labour government, and was based on the Equal Pay Act of 1963 of the United States. It has now been mostly superseded by Part 5, chapter 3, of the Equality Act 2010. History In the 1964 general election, the Labour Party's manifesto had proposed a charter of rights including 'the right to equal pay for equal work'. September 1965 saw the Trades Union Congress resolving 'its support for the principles of equality of treatment and opportunity for women workers in industry, and calls upon the General Council to request the government to implement the promise of 'the right to equal pay for equal work' as set out in the Labour Party election manifesto'. However, there was no immediate action by either government or unions. Brian Harrison says polls in 1968–69 showed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equality Act 2010
The Equality Act 2010 is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom passed during the Brown ministry with the primary purpose of consolidating, updating and supplementing the numerous prior Acts and Regulations, that formed the basis of anti-discrimination law in mostly England, Scotland and Wales; some sections also apply to Northern Ireland. These consisted, primarily, of the Equal Pay Act 1970, the Sex Discrimination Act 1975, the Race Relations Act 1976, the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 and three major statutory instruments protecting discrimination in employment on grounds of religion or belief, sexual orientation and age. The Act has broadly the same goals as the four major EU Equal Treatment Directives, whose provisions it mirrors and implements. However, the Act also offers protection beyond the EU directives, protecting against discrimination based on a person's nationality and citizenship and also extending individuals' rights in areas of life beyond the work ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shield V E Coomes Holding Ltd
A shield is a piece of personal armour held in the hand, which may or may not be strapped to the wrist or forearm. Shields are used to intercept specific attacks, whether from close-ranged weaponry or projectiles such as arrows, by means of active blocks, as well as to provide passive protection by closing one or more lines of engagement during combat. Shields vary greatly in size and shape, ranging from large panels that protect the user's whole body to small models (such as the buckler) that were intended for hand-to-hand-combat use. Shields also vary a great deal in thickness; whereas some shields were made of relatively deep, absorbent, wooden planking to protect soldiers from the impact of spears and crossbow bolts, others were thinner and lighter and designed mainly for deflecting blade strikes (like the roromaraugi or qauata). Finally, shields vary greatly in shape, ranging in roundness to angularity, proportional length and width, symmetry and edge pattern; different s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rainey V Greater Glasgow Health Board
''Rainey v Greater Glasgow Health Board'' 987IRLR 26 is a UK labour law case concerning the justifications for unequal pay. Facts Ms Rainey was a prosthetist. Men had been recruited from private practice, to the Board’s new prosthetic fitting service, which had previously been done by private contractors. The men had comparable qualifications and experience. They were paid 40% more. The women were directly recruited on the NHS pay scale. There had been no arrangements to phase out the pay disparities. Judgment Lord Keith, overturning Lord Denning in ''Clay Cross'' said that ‘material’ meant ‘significant and relevant’ and one should consider all the case’s circumstances, which may well go beyond personal qualities. He noted the ECJ would probably not exclude administrative efficiency concerns. He then said that the Whitley Council pay scale had been the natural thing for the NHS women to join. It was an ‘accident’ that the people coming from the private sector ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clay Cross (Quarry Services) Ltd V Fletcher
''Clay Cross (Quarry Services) Ltd v Fletcher'' 9781 WLR 1429 is a UK labour law case concerning sex discrimination, unequal pay, and the limits of justifications for it. It would now fall under the Equality Act 2010 sections 64 to 80. Facts Mrs Fletcher was paid £35 per week, with three other clerks. A colleague left and was replaced by Mr Tunnicliffe, aged 24. He was the only suitable candidate and was paid £43 per week, which matched his previous salary. Pay was increased by £6 a week, but the disparity stayed. An expert said that clerks’ wages should be set at £43.46, but Mr Tunnicliffe’s wage still remained higher, at £49. Mrs Fletcher spent a while training him, and then when the EPA 1970 came into force in 1975, she complained. Tribunal held that Ms Fletcher did have an equal pay claim. The EAT reversed this, holding that the man’s previous salary was a genuine material factor. Mrs Fletcher successfully appealed. Judgment Lord Denning MR held that the factor re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Defrenne V Sabena
''Defrenne v Sabena (No 2)'' (1976Case 43/75is a foundational European Union law case, concerning direct effect and the European Social Charter in the European Union. It held that the EU: The case was championed by the Belgian lawyer Éliane Vogel-Polsky, who was responsible for much of the heavy involvement in sex discrimination law of the time by the European Court of Justice. Facts A woman named Gabrielle Defrenne worked as a flight attendant for the Belgian national airline Sabena. Under Belgian law, female flight attendants were obliged to retire at the age of 40, unlike their male counterparts. Defrenne had been forced to retire from Sabena in 1968. Defrenne complained that the lower pension rights this entailed violated her right to equal treatment on grounds of gender under article 119 of the Treaty of the European Community, (now Article 157 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) - prior to the Lisbon Treaty, this was article 141 TEC). Ju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Cumbria Acute Hospitals NHS Trust V Potter
North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. ''North'' is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography. Etymology The word ''north'' is related to the Old High German ''nord'', both descending from the Proto-Indo-European unit *''ner-'', meaning "left; below" as north is to left when facing the rising sun. Similarly, the other cardinal directions are also related to the sun's position. The Latin word ''borealis'' comes from the Greek '' boreas'' "north wind, north", which, according to Ovid, was personified as the wind-god Boreas, the father of Calais and Zetes. ''Septentrionalis'' is from ''septentriones'', "the seven plow oxen", a name of ''Ursa Major''. The Greek ἀρκτικός (''arktikós'') is named for the same constellation, and is the source of the English word ''Arctic''. Other languages have other derivations. For example, in Lezgian, ''kefer'' can mean ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ratcliffe V North Yorkshire County Council
Ratcliffe or Ratcliff may refer to: Places United Kingdom * Ratcliff or Ratcliffe, former hamlet, Tower Hamlets, London * Ratcliffe-on-Soar, a village in Nottinghamshire * Ratcliffe on the Wreake, a village in Leicestershire ** Ratcliffe College, a school in Leicestershire * Ratcliffe Culey, a village in Leicestershire United States * Ratcliff, Arkansas, a city People * Arthur Ratcliffe (1882–1963), British Conservative Member of Parliament for Leek 1931–1935 * Derek Ratcliffe (1929–2005), British ecologist * Don Ratcliffe (1934–2014), English footballer * Francis Ratcliffe (1904–1970), Australian zoologist * Henry Butler Ratcliffe (1845–1929), British Conservative Member of Parliament for Bradford Central 1918–1922 * J. A. Ratcliffe (1902–1987), British ionospheric physicist and academic * Jack Ratcliffe (footballer) (1880–1948), English footballer * Jim Ratcliffe (born 1952), British billionaire, chemical engineer and financier * Jo Ratcliffe, British arti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lawrence V Regent Office Care Ltd
Lawrence may refer to: Education Colleges and universities * Lawrence Technological University, a university in Southfield, Michigan, United States * Lawrence University, a liberal arts university in Appleton, Wisconsin, United States Preparatory & high schools * Lawrence Academy at Groton, a preparatory school in Groton, Massachusetts, United States * Lawrence College, Ghora Gali, a high school in Pakistan * Lawrence School, Lovedale, a high school in India * The Lawrence School, Sanawar, a high school in India Research laboratories * Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States * Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, United States People * Lawrence (given name), including a list of people with the name * Lawrence (surname), including a list of people with the name * Lawrence (band), an American soul-pop group * Lawrence (judge royal) (died after 1180), Hungarian nobleman, Judge royal 1164–1172 * Lawrence (musician), Lawrence Hayward (born 1961), British musicia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Coal Corporation V Smith
''British Coal Corporation v Smith'' 996IRLR 404 is a UK labour law case, concerning equal pay. Facts Three collective agreements covered canteen, clerical and surface mineworkers who were British Coal employees. All, however, had pay and conditions set through a centralised industry level agreement. The mineworkers got production extra bonuses, varying locally. The female canteen and clerical workers claimed they were being unequally paid. They did not get a coal bonus, but got everything else. The Tribunal held that the bonuses were ‘locally varied fulfilment of the same universally accepted central terms’. Judgment Court of Appeal Balcombe LJ 994ICR 810 overturned this, arguing under the Equal Pay Act 1970 section 1(6) that conditions needed to be the same if one chose a comparator at a different establishment - and not broadly or essentially similar terms. House of Lords Lord Slynn restored the tribunal, saying, ‘the terms and conditions do not have to be identical’ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leverton V Clywd County Council
Leverton may refer to: Places ;In England * Leverton, Berkshire, a hamlet * Leverton, Lincolnshire, a village * North Leverton with Habblesthorpe, a village and parish in Nottinghamshire * South Leverton, a village and parish in Nottinghamshire ;Elsewhere * Leverton, Missouri, a community in the United States People * Jim Leverton Jim Leverton (born 1946, Dover, Kent, England) is an English professional musician, with a career spanning nearly fifty years, including as a sidesman to the Jimi Hendrix Experience's Noel Redding, Steve Marriott, Blodwyn Pig and the Canterbur ... (b. 1946), English musician * Norm Leverton (1924-2009), Australian rules footballer * Ruth M. Leverton (1908-1982), American home economist * Thomas Leverton (c.1743-1824), English architect See also * Laverton (other) {{Disambiguation, geo, surname ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diocese Of Hallam Trustee V Connaughton
In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associated in a larger unit, the diocese (Latin ''dioecesis'', from the Greek term διοίκησις, meaning "administration"). Christianity was given legal status in 313 with the Edict of Milan. Churches began to organize themselves into dioceses based on the civil dioceses, not on the larger regional imperial districts. These dioceses were often smaller than the provinces. Christianity was declared the Empire's official religion by Theodosius I in 380. Constantine I in 318 gave litigants the right to have court cases transferred from the civil courts to the bishops. This situation must have hardly survived Julian, 361–363. Episcopal courts are not heard of again in the East until 398 and in the West in 408. The quality of these courts was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macarthys Ltd V Smith (No 2)
''Macarthys Ltd v Smith'' (1980is an EU law, UK constitutional law and UK labour law case, concerning the construction of a sex discrimination statute, and its compatibility with European treaties, now in the European Union. Facts Ms Wendy Smith worked for Macarthys Ltd in their factory. She was paid £50 a week, but a man who had previously worked in the same job for the company had been paid £60 a week. Ms Smith claimed this was unlawful according either to the Equal Pay Act 1970, or the Treaty of the European Community article 119. The company argued she had no claim because the UK's Equal Pay Act 1970 did not allow comparisons with former colleagues. Ms Smith argued that, if this was true under UK law, then European Community law did allow such a comparison, and it would override the UK statute. Judgment Court of Appeal A majority held that Ms Smith had no claim because the EC treaties could not be used as an aid to interpreting UK law. Lord Denning MR dissented, and said t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
