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Epioblasma Capsaeformis
The oyster mussel (''Epioblasma capsaeformis'') is a rare species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae. This aquatic bivalve mollusk is native to the Cumberland and Tennessee River systems of Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, and Virginia in the United States. It has been extirpated from the states of Georgia It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. This mussel was once widely distributedUSFWS''Epioblasma capsaeformis'' Five-year Review.July 2011 and common. It has declined 80% from its historical abundance. It is now extirpated from the Cumberland River system and the main artery of the Tennessee River. It remains in the Nolichucky River of Tennessee and the Clinch River in Tennessee and Virginia. Specimens once classified as this species that remain in the Duck River in Tennessee have now been classified as a separate species, ''Epioblasma ahlstedti''.Jones, J.W., and R.J. Neves. 2010. "Descriptions of a new species and a new subspecies of freshwa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isaac Lea
Isaac; grc, Ἰσαάκ, Isaák; ar, إسحٰق/إسحاق, Isḥāq; am, ይስሐቅ is one of the three patriarchs of the Israelites and an important figure in the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. He was the son of Abraham and Sarah, the father of Jacob and Esau, and the grandfather of the twelve tribes of Israel. Isaac's name means "he will laugh", reflecting the laughter, in disbelief, of Abraham and Sarah, when told by God that they would have a child., He is the only patriarch whose name was not changed, and the only one who did not move out of Canaan. According to the narrative, he died aged 180, the longest-lived of the three patriarchs. Etymology The anglicized name "Isaac" is a transliteration of the Hebrew name () which literally means "He laughs/will laugh." Ugaritic texts dating from the 13th century BCE refer to the benevolent smile of the Canaanite deity El. Genesis, however, ascribes the laughter to Isaac's parents, Abraha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nolichucky River
The Nolichucky River is a river that flows through Western North Carolina and East Tennessee, in the southeastern United States. Traversing the Pisgah National Forest and the Cherokee National Forest in the Blue Ridge Mountains, the river's watershed is home to some of the highest mountains in the Appalachians, including Mount Mitchell in North Carolina, the highest point in the eastern United States. The river is a tributary of the French Broad River, and is impounded by Nolichucky Dam near Greeneville, Tennessee. Hydrography The Nolichucky River rises as the confluence of the North Toe River and the Cane River near the community of Huntdale, North Carolina. The stream succeeds the North Toe as the boundary between Yancey County and Mitchell County, North Carolina. Trending roughly westward, it flows along the northern base of Flattop Mountain. The gorge is especially steep on its north side. Geologically, the area is predominantly underlain by metamorphic rock of Precambrian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cottus Bairdi
The mottled sculpin (''Cottus bairdii'') is a species of freshawater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This species has a wide but scattered North American distribution. As the name suggests, its coloration is a combination of bars, spots, and speckles randomly distributed. The large pectoral fins are banded. The first dorsal fin is made of slender and somewhat soft spines, and just barely joins with the second dorsal. Maximum length is 15 cm. It feeds primarily on aquatic insect larvae, but will also eat crustaceans, small fish, fish eggs, and some plant material. In turn, the sculpin is preyed upon by other fish, notably trout. Favored habitat is well-oxygenated and clear water, such as over gravel riffles in mountain streams, springs, and along rocky lake shores. Spawning takes place during early winter and late spring. The male's head becomes darker, and he selects a protected nest site, such as under a rock or ledge. After courtsh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cottus Baileyi
The black sculpin (''Cottus baileyi'') is a species of freshawater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is endemic to the United States. Its range includes the extreme upper Clinch and Holston River systems in western Virginia and just into northeastern Tennessee. It reaches a maximum length of . The black sculpin was first formally described in 1961 by C. Richard Robins with its type locality given as " Middle fork of Holston River, 6 miles east-northeast of Marion, Smyth County, Virginia". Its specific name honors the ichthyologist Reeve Maclaren Bailey Reeve Maclaren Bailey (born May 2, 1911, in Fairmont, West Virginia - died July 2, 2011, in Ann Arbor, Michigan) was an American ichthyologist. Bailey was awarded Doctor of Philosophy degree from the University of Michigan in 1938. Bailey was ..., recognising his contribution to the study of American freshwater fishes. References Cottus (fish) Fish of the United States Fis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cottus Carolinae
The banded sculpin (''Cottus carolinae'') is a freshwater fish dwelling mostly in small to moderate sized streams in areas of swift current. Young and juvenile ''C. carolinae'' can mainly be found in pools, riffles, and other shallow habitats while adults tend to prefer deeper waters. ''C. carolinae'' primarily eats insects and insect larvae, but their large mouths enable them to eat prey nearly as large as themselves, including other sculpin. To prevent predation, including by other fish, the color and pattern of the sculpin tends to match its environment. Most ''Cottus carolinae'' are mottled brown with dark vertical banding and usually reach about three inches in length. They have a broad head which rather quickly narrows into a slim body, giving them the appearance of a tadpole reaching adulthood. ''Cottus carolinae'' has proven to be useful as a representative species for the effects of mining related impacts on fishing communities since it has been proven that their density ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Percina Sciera
The dusky darter (''Percina sciera'') is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is found in, but not confined to, both large and small rivers, and shallow creeks (1-3rd order), in the eastern, southern, and southeastern United States, particularly the Mississippi River drainage system. ''Percina'' are benthic and benthic-associated fishes. ''Percina sciera'' belongs to the family Percidae, which along with Etheostomatinae comprise approximately 20-percent of the recognized diversity in North American freshwater fish.Carlson, R.L., and P.C. Wainwright. 2010. The ecological morphology of darter fishes (Percidae: Etheostomatinae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 100:30-45. Land development may threaten ''P. sciera'' habitat.Skyfield, J.P., and G.D. Grossman. 2008. Microhabitat use, movements and abundance of gilt darters ("Percina evides" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etheostoma Camarum
''Etheostoma'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Percidae native to North America. Most are restricted to the United States, but species are also found in Canada and Mexico. They are commonly known as darters, although the term "darter" is shared by several other genera. Many can produce alarm pheromones that serve to warn nearby fish in case of an attack.Smith, R.J.F. (1992): Alarm signals in fishes. ''Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2 (1): 33-63.'' Species The 157 recognized species in this genus are: * ''Etheostoma acuticeps'' R. M. Bailey, 1959 (sharphead darter) * ''Etheostoma akatulo'' Layman & Mayden, 2009 (bluemask darter) * ''Etheostoma artesiae'' ( O. P. Hay, 1881) (redspot darter) * ''Etheostoma asprigene'' ( S. A. Forbes, 1878) (mud darter) * ''Etheostoma atripinne'' ( D. S. Jordan, 1877) (Cumberland snubnose darter) * ''Etheostoma australe'' D. S. Jordan, 1889 (Conchos darter) * '' Etheostoma autumnale'' Mayden, 2010 (autumn darter) * '' Eth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etheostoma Rufilineatum
''Etheostoma rufilineatum'', the redline darter, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to the southeastern United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie .... This fish, like most other darter species, tends to inhabit clear, rocky riffles of streams, creeks, and small rivers. Both currently and historically, this fish is known from only the Tennessee and Cumberland River drainages in Tennessee, Virginia, Kentucky, Alabama, North Carolina, Georgia, and Mississippi. The average length for this fish is 6.9 cm, with a maximum recorded length of 8.4 cm. The maximum recorded life span in the wild for this species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etheostoma Vulneratum
The wounded darter (''Etheostoma vulneratum'') is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to the eastern United States. Its range includes the upper Tennessee River drainage, western Virginia, western North Carolina, and eastern Tennessee. Its typical habitat is among boulders or coarse rubble and cobble, often with overhanging ledges, in medium to large slow-moving rivers. It feeds on small insect larvae, especially midge larvae. Spawning occurs when the water warms up in late spring. Females deposit clutches of adhesive eggs on the underside of rock ledges or slabs, and the male guards the nest. The population trend of this fish seems to be decreasing slowly but it is a relatively common species with numerous sub-populations, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glochidium
The glochidium (plural glochidia) is a microscopic larval stage of some freshwater mussels, aquatic bivalve mollusks in the families Unionidae and Margaritiferidae, the river mussels and European freshwater pearl mussels. These larvae are tiny and are typically between 100 and 200 micrometers, or approximately a third of the size of a grain of salt. They can be round or have hooks, attaching to the gills, fins and scales of fish (for example to the gills of a fish host species) for a period before it detaches and falls to the substrate and takes on the typical form of a juvenile mussel. Since a fish is active and free-swimming, this process helps distribute the mussel species to potential areas of habitat that it could not reach any other way. Before the origin of this larval form was understood, it was described as "parasitic worms" on the fish host, although under normal circumstances, glochidia do not harm fish. Overexposure or heavy infections of glochidia may however g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nacre
Nacre ( , ), also known as mother of pearl, is an organicinorganic composite material produced by some molluscs as an inner shell layer; it is also the material of which pearls are composed. It is strong, resilient, and iridescent. Nacre is found in some of the most ancient lineages of bivalves, gastropods, and cephalopods. However, the inner layer in the great majority of mollusc shells is porcellaneous, not nacreous, and this usually results in a non-iridescent shine, or more rarely in non-nacreous iridescence such as ''flame structure'' as is found in conch pearls. The outer layer of cultured pearls and the inside layer of pearl oyster and freshwater pearl mussel shells are made of nacre. Other mollusc families that have a nacreous inner shell layer include marine gastropods such as the Haliotidae, the Trochidae and the Turbinidae. Physical characteristics Structure and appearance Nacre is composed of hexagonal platelets of aragonite (a form of calcium carbonate) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Periostracum
The periostracum ( ) is a thin, organic coating (or "skin") that is the outermost layer of the shell of many shelled animals, including molluscs and brachiopods. Among molluscs, it is primarily seen in snails and clams, i.e. in gastropods and bivalves, but it is also found in cephalopods such as ''Allonautilus scrobiculatus''. The periostracum is an integral part of the shell, and it forms as the shell forms, along with the other shell layers. The periostracum is used to protect the organism from corrosion. The periostracum is visible as the outer layer of the shell of many molluscan species from terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats, and may be seen in land snails, river mussels, and other kinds of freshwater bivalves, as well as in many kinds of marine shelled molluscs. The word ''periostracum'' means "around the shell", meaning that the periostracum is wrapped around what is usually the more calcareous part of the shell. Technically, the calcareous part of the shel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
