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Enrollment Over Secure Transport
The Enrollment over Secure Transport, or EST is a cryptographic protocol (computing), protocol that describes an X.509 certificate management protocol targeting public key infrastructure (PKI) clients that need to acquire client certificates and associated certificate authority (CA) certificates. EST is described in . EST has been put forward as a replacement for Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol, SCEP, being easier to implement on devices already having an HTTPS stack. EST uses HTTPS as transport and leverages Transport Layer Security, TLS for many of its security attributes. EST has described standardized URLs and uses the List of /.well-known/ services offered by webservers, well-known Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) definition codified in . Operations EST has a following set of operations: Usage example The basic functions of EST were designed to be easy to use and although not a Representational state transfer, REST API, it can be used in a REST-like manner using ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptographic
Cryptography, or cryptology (from grc, , translit=kryptós "hidden, secret"; and ''graphein'', "to write", or '' -logia'', "study", respectively), is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior. More generally, cryptography is about constructing and analyzing protocols that prevent third parties or the public from reading private messages. Modern cryptography exists at the intersection of the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, information security, electrical engineering, digital signal processing, physics, and others. Core concepts related to information security ( data confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation) are also central to cryptography. Practical applications of cryptography include electronic commerce, chip-based payment cards, digital currencies, computer passwords, and military communications. Cryptography prior to the modern age was effectively synonymous wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptographic Protocols
A security protocol (cryptographic protocol or encryption protocol) is an abstract or concrete protocol that performs a security-related function and applies cryptographic methods, often as sequences of cryptographic primitives. A protocol describes how the algorithms should be used and includes details about data structures and representations, at which point it can be used to implement multiple, interoperable versions of a program. Cryptographic protocols are widely used for secure application-level data transport. A cryptographic protocol usually incorporates at least some of these aspects: * Key agreement or establishment * Entity authentication * Symmetric encryption and message authentication material construction * Secured application-level data transport * Non-repudiation methods * Secret sharing methods * Secure multi-party computation Secure multi-party computation (also known as secure computation, multi-party computation (MPC) or privacy-preserving computation) is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Key Infrastructure
A public key infrastructure (PKI) is a set of roles, policies, hardware, software and procedures needed to create, manage, distribute, use, store and revoke digital certificates and manage public-key encryption. The purpose of a PKI is to facilitate the secure electronic transfer of information for a range of network activities such as e-commerce, internet banking and confidential email. It is required for activities where simple passwords are an inadequate authentication method and more rigorous proof is required to confirm the identity of the parties involved in the communication and to validate the information being transferred. In cryptography, a PKI is an arrangement that ''binds'' public keys with respective identities of entities (like people and organizations). The binding is established through a process of registration and issuance of certificates at and by a certificate authority (CA). Depending on the assurance level of the binding, this may be carried out by an automa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Certificate Authority
In cryptography, a certificate authority or certification authority (CA) is an entity that stores, signs, and issues digital certificates. A digital certificate certifies the ownership of a public key by the named subject of the certificate. This allows others (relying parties) to rely upon signatures or on assertions made about the private key that corresponds to the certified public key. A CA acts as a trusted third party—trusted both by the subject (owner) of the certificate and by the party relying upon the certificate. The format of these certificates is specified by the X.509 or EMV standard. One particularly common use for certificate authorities is to sign certificates used in HTTPS, the secure browsing protocol for the World Wide Web. Another common use is in issuing identity cards by national governments for use in electronically signing documents. Overview Trusted certificates can be used to create secure connections to a server via the Internet. A certificate is e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entrust
Entrust Corp., formerly Entrust Datacard, provides software and hardware used to issue financial cards, e-passport production, user authentication for those looking to access secure networks or conduct financial transactions, trust certificated for websites, mobile credentials, and connected devices. The privately-held company is based in Shakopee, Minnesota and employs more than 2,500 people globally. History Entrust Inc In 1994, Entrust built and sold the first commercially available public key infrastructure. In 1997, Nortel (formerly Northern Telecom) spun off Entrust when it became incorporated in Maryland as a part of a tax strategy. Entrust originally entered the public SSL market by chaining to the Thawte Root in 1999 creating Entrust.net. In May 2000 Entrust acquired enCommerce, a provider of authentication and authorization technologies. In April 2002, Entrust's public key infrastructure technology served as the foundation for the prototype of what is now t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EJBCA
EJBCA (formerly: ''Enterprise JavaBeans Certificate Authority'') is a free software public key infrastructure (PKI) certificate authority software package maintained and sponsored by the Swedish for-profit company PrimeKey Solutions AB, which holds the copyright to most of the codebase. The project's source code is available under the terms of the Lesser GNU General Public License (LGPL). The EJBCA software package is used to install a privately operated certificate authority. This is in contrast to commercial certificate authorities that are operated by a trusted third party. Since its inception EJBCA has been used as certificate authority software for different use cases, including eGovernment, endpoint management, research, energy, eIDAS eIDAS (electronic IDentification, Authentication and trust Services) is an EU regulation on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the European Single Market. It was established in EU Regulation 9 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Automated Certificate Management Environment
The Automatic Certificate Management Environment (ACME) protocol is a communications protocol for automating interactions between certificate authorities and their users' servers, allowing the automated deployment of public key infrastructure at very low cost. It was designed by the Internet Security Research Group (ISRG) for their Let's Encrypt service. The protocol, based on passing JSON-formatted messages over HTTPS, has been published as an Internet Standard in by its own chartered IETF working group. Client implementations The ISRG provides free and open-source reference implementations for ACME: certbot is a Python-based implementation of server certificate management software using the ACME protocol, and ''boulder'' is a certificate authority implementation, written in Go. Since 2015 a large variety of client options have appeared for all operating systems. ACME service providers Providers which support no-cost or low-cost ACME based certificate services inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Certificate Management Over CMS
The Certificate Management over CMS (CMC) is an Internet Standard published by the IETF, defining transport mechanisms for the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS). It is defined in , its transport mechanisms in . Similarly to the Certificate Management Protocol (CMP), it can be used for obtaining X.509 digital certificates in a public key infrastructure (PKI). CMS is one of two protocols utilizing the Certificate Request Message Format (CRMF), described in , with the other protocol being CMP. The Enrollment over Secure Transport (EST) protocol, described in {{IETF RFC, 7030, can be seen as a profile of CMC for use in provisioning certificates to end entities. As such, EST can play a similar role to SCEP. See also * Certificate Management Protocol (CMP) * Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol (SCEP) * Enrollment over Secure Transport (EST) * Automated Certificate Management Environment The Automatic Certificate Management Environment (ACME) protocol is a communications ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Certificate Management Protocol
The Certificate Management Protocol (CMP) is an Internet protocol standardized by the IETF used for obtaining X.509 digital certificates in a public key infrastructure (PKI). CMP is a very feature-rich and flexible protocol, supporting any types of cryptography. CMP messages are self-contained, which, as opposed to EST, makes the protocol independent of the transport mechanism and provides end-to-end security. CMP messages are encoded in ASN.1, using the DER method. CMP is described in . Enrollment request messages employ the Certificate Request Message Format (CRMF), described in . The only other protocol so far using CRMF is Certificate Management over CMS (CMC), described in . History An obsolete version of CMP is described in , the respective CRMF version in . CMP Updateis in preparation as well as Lightweight CMP Profilefocusing on industrial use. PKI Entities In a public key infrastructure (PKI), so-called end entities (EEs) act as CMP client, requesting one or more c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Certificate Signing Request
In public key infrastructure (PKI) systems, a certificate signing request (also CSR or certification request) is a message sent from an applicant to a certificate authority of the public key infrastructure in order to apply for a digital identity certificate. It usually contains the public key for which the certificate should be issued, identifying information (such as a domain name) and a proof of authenticity including integrity protection (e.g., a digital signature). The most common format for CSRs is the PKCS #10 specification; others include the more capable CRMF and the Signed Public Key and Challenge SPKAC format generated by some web browsers. Procedure Before creating a CSR for an X.509 certificate, the applicant first generates a key pair, keeping the private key secret. The CSR contains information identifying the applicant (such as a distinguished name), the public key chosen by the applicant, and possibly further information. When using the PKCS #10 format, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protocol (computing)
A communication protocol is a system of rules that allows two or more entities of a communications system to transmit information via any kind of variation of a physical quantity. The protocol defines the rules, syntax, semantics and synchronization of communication and possible error recovery methods. Protocols may be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of both. Communicating systems use well-defined formats for exchanging various messages. Each message has an exact meaning intended to elicit a response from a range of possible responses pre-determined for that particular situation. The specified behavior is typically independent of how it is to be implemented. Communication protocols have to be agreed upon by the parties involved. To reach an agreement, a protocol may be developed into a technical standard. A programming language describes the same for computations, so there is a close analogy between protocols and programming languages: ''protocols are t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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