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Engelbert François Van Berckel
Engelbert François van Berckel (Rotterdam, 8 October 1726 – Amsterdam, 30 March 1796) was a Dutch politician during the ''Patriottentijd''. Personal life Van Berckel was the son of Engelbert van Berckel, a ''bewindhehebber'' (managing director) of the VOC, and ''burgemeester'' of Rotterdam, and Theodora Petronella van Hogendorp. He was a brother of Pieter Johan van Berckel. He studied at the University of Utrecht where he received his law degree on 15 August 1748 with a dissertation entitled ''Dissertatio politica de morali civilis corporis gubernatione''. He married two times, first with Geertruy Roskam in May 1759, and after she died in June 1782, with Jacoba Elisabeth Verbeek on 18 May 1783 in Amsterdam.Both marriages remained childless. The Van Berckel family lived in the imposing canal-side building, now known as ''Herengracht 497'', which has the nickname Kattenkabinet. Career After he received his law degree he practiced law as an attorney at the Hof van Holland in The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reinier Vinkeles, Afb 010097008094
Reinier is the Dutch form of the Germanic masculine given name ''Raginheri'', composed of the two elements ''ragin'' ("advice") and ''heri'' ("army"). It is equivalent to Scandinavian ''Ragnar'', German '' Rainer'', French '' Rainier'', and Spanish and Italian ''Raniero''. An archaic spelling is Reynier or Reijnier. People with the name Reinier include: ;Reinier * Reinier Alcántara (born 1982), Cuban footballer * Reinier Asmoredjo (born 1962), Surinamese artist * Reinier Cornelis Bakhuizen van den Brink (born 1881), Dutch biologist * Reinier Cornelis Bakhuizen van den Brink (born 1911), Dutch biologist, and son of the above. * Reinier Beeuwkes (1884–1963), Dutch footballer * Reinier Blom (1867–1943), Dutch gymnast * Reinier Boitet (1691–1758), Dutch publisher and writer * Reinier Butöt, Dutch curler * Reinier Camminga (fl. 1300-1306), Governor of Friesland * Reinier Craeyvanger (1812–1880), Dutch painter and etcher * Reinier Estpinan (born 1982), Cuban sport sho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stadtholder
In the Low Countries, ''stadtholder'' ( nl, stadhouder ) was an office of steward, designated a medieval official and then a national leader. The ''stadtholder'' was the replacement of the duke or count of a province during the Burgundian and Habsburg period (1384 – 1581/1795). The title was used for the official tasked with maintaining peace and provincial order in the early Dutch Republic and, at times, became ''de facto'' head of state of the Dutch Republic during the 16th to 18th centuries, which was an effectively hereditary role. For the last half century of its existence, it became an officially hereditary role under Prince William IV of Orange. His son, Prince William V, was the last ''stadtholder'' of the republic, whose own son, William I of the Netherlands, became the first sovereign king of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. The title ''stadtholder'' is roughly comparable to the historical titles of Lord Protector in England, Statthalter in the Holy Roman Emp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orangism (Dutch Republic)
In the history of the Dutch Republic, Orangism or ''prinsgezindheid'' ("pro-prince stance") was a political force opposing the ''Staatsgezinde'' (pro-Republic) party. Orangists supported the Princes of Orange as Stadtholders (a position held by members of the House of Orange) and military commanders of the Republic, as a check on the power of the ''regenten''. The Orangist party drew its adherents largely from traditionalists – mostly farmers, soldiers, noblemen and orthodox Protestant preachers, though its support fluctuated heavily over the course of the Republic's history and there were never clear-cut socioeconomic divisions. History The coup of stadtholder Maurice against Oldenbarnevelt Orangism can be seen as a continuation of the political opposition between the remonstrants and counter-remonstrants during the Twelve Years' Truce (1609-1621). The Remonstrants were tolerant and republican, with a liberal view on biblical interpretation, no belief in predestination and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joachim Rendorp
Joachim Rendorp, ''Vrijheer'' of Marquette (19 January 1728 in Amsterdam – 21 September 1792 in Amsterdam) was a Dutch politician of the Patriottentijd in the Dutch Republic. Personal life Rendorp was the son of Amsterdam brewer and ''burgemeester'' Pieter Rendorp and Margaretha Calkoen. He was a scion of an originally German, Lutheran family of wealthy brewers, that despite the discrimination against non-members of the Dutch Reformed Church had been admitted to the Amsterdam ''Regenten'' class in the 1640s. In 1744 he got a sinecure at the Amsterdam Lutheran congregation as a member of its board of regency. Two years later he received a commission in the Amsterdam ''schutterij''. He got his law degree in 1750. He married Wilhelmina Hildegonda Schuijt, a ''burgemeester's'' daughter in 1756. They had five children of whom only one son survived into adulthood. Career Though his brewery was an important income source, Rendorp was mainly a ''rentier'' who had a lot of time on his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourth Anglo-Dutch War
The Fourth Anglo-Dutch War ( nl, Vierde Engels-Nederlandse Oorlog; 1780–1784) was a conflict between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Dutch Republic. The war, contemporary with the War of American Independence (1775-1783), broke out over British and Dutch disagreements on the legality and conduct of Dutch trade with Britain's enemies in that war. Although the Dutch Republic did not enter into a formal alliance with the rebelling American colonies and their allies, American ambassador (and future president) John Adams managed to establish diplomatic relations with the Dutch Republic, making it the second European country to diplomatically recognise the Continental Congress in April 1782. In October 1782, a treaty of amity and commerce was concluded as well. Most of the war consisted of a series of British operations against Dutch colonial economic interests, although British and Dutch naval forces also met once off the Dutch coast. The war ended disastrously for the Dut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Yorke, 1st Baron Dover
General Joseph Yorke, 1st Baron Dover Order of the Bath, KB, Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, PC (24 June 1724 – 2 December 1792), styled The Honourable Joseph Yorke until 1761 and The Honourable Sir Joseph Yorke between 1761 and 1788, was a British soldier, diplomat and Whig (British political faction), Whig politician. Background Yorke was the third son of Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke, by Margaret, daughter of Charles Cocks. Philip Yorke, 2nd Earl of Hardwicke, Charles Yorke and James Yorke (bishop), James Yorke were his brothers. Career Yorke was commissioned an ensign in the Coldstream Guards, 2nd Regiment of Foot Guards on 25 April 1741, and was promoted to lieutenant in the Grenadier Guards, 1st Regiment of Foot Guards on 24 April 1743. Yorke served in the War of the Austrian Succession as an aide-de-camp to the Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, Duke of Cumberland, and fought in the Battle of Fontenoy on 11 May 1745. On 27 May, he became captain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against France. The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century; the oldest of the UK's armed services, it is consequently known as the Senior Service. From the middle decades of the 17th century, and through the 18th century, the Royal Navy vied with the Dutch Navy and later with the French Navy for maritime supremacy. From the mid 18th century, it was the world's most powerful navy until the Second World War. The Royal Navy played a key part in establishing and defending the British Empire, and four Imperial fortress colonies and a string of imperial bases and coaling stations secured the Royal Navy's ability to assert naval superiority globally. Owing to this historical prominence, it is common, even among non-Britons, to ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dutch Republic
The United Provinces of the Netherlands, also known as the (Seven) United Provinces, officially as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (Dutch: ''Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden''), and commonly referred to in historiography as the Dutch Republic, was a federal republic that existed from 1579, during the Dutch Revolt, to 1795 (the Batavian Revolution). It was a predecessor state of the Netherlands and the first fully independent Dutch nation state. The republic was established after seven Dutch provinces in the Spanish Netherlands revolted against rule by Spain. The provinces formed a mutual alliance against Spain in 1579 (the Union of Utrecht) and declared their independence in 1581 (the Act of Abjuration). It comprised Groningen, Frisia, Overijssel, Guelders, Utrecht, Holland and Zeeland. Although the state was small and contained only around 1.5 million inhabitants, it controlled a worldwide network of seafaring trade routes. Through its tradin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Laurens
Henry Laurens (December 8, 1792) was an American Founding Father, merchant, slave trader, and rice planter from South Carolina who became a political leader during the Revolutionary War. A delegate to the Second Continental Congress, Laurens succeeded John Hancock as its president. He was a signatory to the Articles of Confederation and, as president, presided over its passage. Laurens had earned great wealth as a partner in the largest slave-trading house in North America, Austin and Laurens. In the 1750s alone, this Charleston firm oversaw the sale of more than 8,000 enslaved Africans. Laurens served for a time as vice president of South Carolina and as the United States minister to the Netherlands during the Revolutionary War. He was captured at sea by the British and imprisoned for several years in the Tower of London. His oldest son, John Laurens, was an '' aide-de-camp'' to George Washington and a colonel in the Continental Army. Early life and education Laurens' fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Lee (diplomat)
William Lee (1739–1795) was a Virginia merchant and member of the Lee Family of Virginia who served as an American diplomat during the Revolutionary War, became a plantation owner through marriage, and represented Elizabeth City, Warwick and York Counties in the Virginia Senate. His son William Ludwell Lee (who survived him only by a decade) became an early Lee family genealogist as well as left a will freeing his slaves. Background Born at Stratford Hall Plantation in Westmoreland County, Virginia to planter Thomas Lee (1690–1750) and his wife, the former Hannah Harrison Ludwell (1701–1750). He could trace his descent from Richard Lee I, a merchant and colonial officeholder who had founded the influential Virginia family in the previous century. Lee was thus born into the First Families of Virginia and received a private education appropriate to his class. Two of his elder brothers, Richard Henry Lee (1732–1794) and Francis Lightfoot Lee (1734–1797) were planters a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean De Neufville
Jean de Neufville or John de Neufville (Amsterdam, May 25, 1729 - Cambridge, Massachusetts, in December 1796) was an Amsterdam banker who had a meeting in Aachen on September 4, 1778 with US William Lee, a diplomat. Biography Jean was the son of Leendert de Neufville Jansz (1698-1762) and Agneta de Wolff (1703-1750), who inherited from her mother Catharina de Neufville 350.000 guilders when she was 27. Their son Jean, a Mennonite, married in 1753 to Cornelia de Neufville (-1777) from Haarlem. In 1755 his son Leendert was born. (Jean had a cousin Leendert Pieter de Neufville who went bankrupt in 1763.) In 1765 Neufville bought a canal house, Keizersgracht 224 which he rebuilt. In 1776 he bought an estate, called Wester-Amstel. De Neufville traded on the West-Indies. Already in 1761 he did business in America. In 1768 he started a cotton printery. In 1773 he bought coffee and sugar plantations in Suriname; he sold his part in 1778. In 1779 he began to direct shipping of goods (i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Revolution
The American Revolution was an ideological and political revolution that occurred in British America between 1765 and 1791. The Americans in the Thirteen Colonies formed independent states that defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), gaining independence from the British Crown and establishing the United States of America as the first nation-state founded on Enlightenment principles of liberal democracy. American colonists objected to being taxed by the Parliament of Great Britain, a body in which they had no direct representation. Before the 1760s, Britain's American colonies had enjoyed a high level of autonomy in their internal affairs, which were locally governed by colonial legislatures. During the 1760s, however, the British Parliament passed a number of acts that were intended to bring the American colonies under more direct rule from the British metropole and increasingly intertwine the economies of the colonies with those of Brit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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