|
Endemic Birds Of New Caledonia
This article is one of a series providing information about endemism among birds in the world's various zoogeographic zones. For an overview of this subject, see Endemism in birds. Patterns of endemism New Caledonia has a single endemic family, the Rhynochetidae. Endemic Bird Areas Birdlife International has defined the whole of New Caledonia—the main island of Grande Terre, the Loyalty Islands (Ouvéa, Lifou and Maré), the Île des Pins and other smaller surrounding islands—as an Endemic Bird Area (EBA). List of species The following is a list of species endemic to New Caledonia. Except where indicated, the species is only found on Grande Terre. * White-bellied goshawk * † Powerful goshawk * † Gracile goshawk * New Caledonian rail * † New Caledonian gallinule * Kagu * †Lowland kagu * Cloven-feathered dove * New Caledonian imperial pigeon * †New Caledonian ground dove * New Caledonian lorikeet * Horned parakeet - found on Grande Terre and Ouvéa * New Caledonia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endemic (ecology)
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can be also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or in scientific literature as an ''endemite''. For example '' Cytisus aeolicus'' is an endemite of the Italian flora. '' Adzharia renschi'' was once believed to be an endemite of the Caucasus, but it was later discovered to be a non-indigenous species from South America belonging to a different genus. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. A rare alternative term for a species that is endemic is "precinctive", which applies to s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Caledonian Rail
The New Caledonian rail (''Cabalus lafresnayanus'') is a large and drab flightless rail that is found on the island of New Caledonia in the Pacific. It is a dull brown above, with grey underparts, and has a yellowish, downward-curving bill. No one knows what it sounds like and it is not known whether it is nocturnal or crepuscular. It most likely was driven to extinction from predation by feral cats, dogs, and pigs. Status This cryptic rail is only known from seventeen specimens taken between 1860 and 1890 on New Caledonia. This bird is supposed to live in evergreen forests and seems to have moved higher up on the island to escape introduced predators. Its diet consists of invertebrates, including earthworms. Though the bird has not been confirmed since 1890, unconfirmed reports from the 1960s and 1984 say that some still live in the higher montane forests. A survey in 1998 produced no firm evidence from hunters or fieldwork. However, many still believe it persists in sm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yellow-bellied Robin
The yellow-bellied flyrobin (''Cryptomicroeca flaviventris'') is a species of passerine bird in the Australasian robin family Petroicidae. It is the only species in the genus ''Cryptomicroeca''. The yellow-bellied flyrobin is endemic to New Caledonia, where it occurs on the island of Grande Terre. It occupies a range of habitats, including dry lowlands, woodland, ''Pinus'' and '' Pandanus'' forest, and humid forest from sea level up to . Taxonomy The yellow-bellied flyrobin was described in 1860 by the French ornithologists, Jules Verreaux and Oeillet des Murs, from a specimen collected in New Caledonia. They coined the binomial name ''Eopsaltria flavigastra''. The English ornithologist, Richard Bowdler Sharpe, realised that the specific epithet was preoccupied, and in 1903 he proposed ''flaviventris'' as a replacement. The species was long considered one of the yellow robins of the genus ''Eopsaltria''. However, a 2009 genetic study showed it to be nested within the flyrob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Caledonian Grassbird
The New Caledonia thicketbird or New Caledonia grassbird (''Cincloramphus mariae''), is a bird species. Previously placed in the "Old World warbler" family Sylviidae, it does not seem to be a close relative of the typical warblers; probably it belongs in the grass warbler family Locustellidae. This species is endemic to New Caledonia. This is a long-tailed, medium-sized "warbler Various Passeriformes (perching birds) are commonly referred to as warblers. They are not necessarily closely related to one another, but share some characteristics, such as being fairly small, vocal, and insectivorous. Sylvioid warblers Th ..." with a distinctive bold white supercilium. The bird's plumage is unstreaked, with olive-brown uppersides (including the crown and wings) and creamy white undersides. The New Caledonia grassbird typically inhabits scrubby areas in the lowlands and hills of New Caledonia, particularly '' maquis minier'' with ferns, but also secondary forest and grasslan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Caledonian Cuckooshrike
The New Caledonian cuckooshrike or New Caledonian cicadabird (''Edolisoma anale'') is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. It is endemic to New Caledonia. Some taxonomists place this species in the genus Analisoma. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine climate in these regions strongly affects the ecosystem because temperatures fall as elevation increases, causing the ecosystem to stratify. This stratification is a crucial .... References New Caledonian cuckooshrike Endemic birds of New Caledonia New Caledonian cuckooshrike Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{NewCaledonia-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Caledonian Barn Owl
The New Caledonian barn owl (''Tyto letocarti''), also referred to as Letocart's barn owl, is an extinct species of owl in the barn owl family. It was endemic to the island of New Caledonia in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific region. It was described from Holocene aged subfossil bones found at the Gilles Cave paleontological site on the west coast of Grande Terre. The holotype is a complete adult left femur (NCG 1000), held by the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris. The owl was described as ''Tyto? letocarti'', indicating uncertainty as to generic placement at the time. The specific epithet An epithet (, ), also byname, is a descriptive term (word or phrase) known for accompanying or occurring in place of a name and having entered common usage. It has various shades of meaning when applied to seemingly real or fictitious people, di ... honours Yves Letocart of New Caledonia's Water and Forest Service, who was active in bird conservation and paleontolog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Caledonian Owlet-nightjar
The New Caledonian owlet-nightjar (''Aegotheles savesi''), also known as the enigmatic owlet-nightjar, is a large owlet-nightjar Owlet-nightjars are small crepuscular birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths. Most are native to New Guinea, but some species extend to Australia, the Moluccas, and New Caledonia. A flightless species from New Zealand is extinct. There i ... with vermiculated grey-brown and black plumage. It has a long, slightly rounded tail, short, rounded wings, and long, stout legs. Its voice is unknown, but other owlet-nightjar species make churring and whistling sounds. It is the second-largest known owlet-nightjar (only the extinct New Zealand owlet-nightjar was larger), much larger than the Australian owlet-nightjar. The New Caledonian owlet-nightjar is endemic to New Caledonia’s '' Melaleuca'' savanna and humid forests. Other owlet-nightjars are solitary, nest in holes in trees, and forage from a perch, both sallying out to catch flying insects an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horned Parakeet
The horned parakeet (''Eunymphicus cornutus'') is a species of parrot in the genus '' Eunymphicus'', in the family Psittaculidae. It is a medium-sized parrot endemic to New Caledonia. It is called "horned" because it has two black feathers that protrude from the head and have red tips. Taxonomy The horned parakeet was formally described in 1788 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's ''Systema Naturae''. He placed it with all the other parrots in the genus '' Psittacus'' and coined the binomial name ''Psittacus cornutus''. Gmelin based his description on the "horned parrot" that had been described and illustrated in 1781 by the English ornithologist John Latham in his ''A General Synopsis of Birds''. Latham's specimen had been obtained from New Caledonia during Captain James Cook's first voyage to the south Pacific Ocean. The specimen formed part of the collection of Joseph Banks. The horned parakeet is now placed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Caledonian Lorikeet
The New Caledonian lorikeet (''Vini diadema'') is a potentially extinct lorikeet endemic to the Melanesian island of New Caledonia. Taxonomy The New Caledonian lorikeet was formerly assigned to the genus ''Charmosyna''. It was moved to the genus '' Vini'' based on a molecular phylogenetic study of the lorikeets published in 2020; although this species was not sampled, it was transferred to the newly-expanded ''Vini'' based on consideration of plumage and biogeography. Description The New Caledonian lorikeet is 18–19 cm long (the size of a large hand), 7–8 cm of which is the slim and pointed tail. The wings are slender and pointed, measuring 91 mm in the only specimen. Its tarsus is 16 cm long. Female birds are green overall, with deep violet blue crown and dark bluish thighs, a yellowish face and underside face, and a red anal region. The tail is green above and yellowish olive below, with the four lateral feathers with red basal markings followed b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Caledonian Ground Dove
The New Caledonian ground dove (''Pampusana longitarsus'') is a large, extinct species of ''Pampusana'' ground dove in the pigeon family, and the largest member of its genus. It was endemic to the island of New Caledonia in Melanesia in the south-west Pacific The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the contine ... region. It was described from subfossil bones found at the Pindai Caves paleontological site on the west coast of Grande Terre. The specific epithet refers to the slender and elongated tarsometatarsus, or lower leg bone, of the species. References Pampusana Extinct birds of New Caledonia Holocene extinctions Birds described in 1989 Taxa named by Jean-Christophe Balouet {{columbiformes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Caledonian Imperial Pigeon
The goliath imperial pigeon (''Ducula goliath''), also known as the New Caledonian imperial pigeon and the notou, is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to New Caledonia. Its natural habitat is humid forests. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed it as a near-threatened species. Taxonomy This species was described as ''Carpophaga'' (''Phænorhina'') ''goliath'' by George Robert Gray in 1859. It is a monotypic species. Description The goliath imperial pigeon is about long, making it one of the largest species of arboreal pigeon. It is a slender bird with a long tail, weighing . The head and neck are blue-grey. The upperparts and wings are sooty-grey, with a grey panel on the primaries' bases. The tail is black and has a dark chestnut band. The neck and upper breast have bifurcated feathers, so they appear shaggy or furrowed. The lower breast is sooty-grey, the belly and flanks are purplish-chestnut, and the vent is buffy-yel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cloven-feathered Dove
The cloven-feathered dove (''Drepanoptila holosericea'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is monotypic within the genus ''Drepanoptila'', but this genus is possibly better merged into ''Ptilinopus''.Gibb, G.C., & D. Penny (2010). Two aspects along the continuum of pigeon evolution: A South-Pacific radiation and the relationship of pigeons within Neoaves. Mol Phyl Evol 56(2): 698-706. The cloven-feathered dove is endemic to New Caledonia where found in forest and '' Melaleuca'' savanna at altitudes up to . It is considered near-threatened by the IUCN due to habitat degradation and hunting. Distribution and Population ''Drepanoptila holosericea'' is endemic to the island of New Caledonia where it is commonly found in its forest habitat. It is also found south of New Caledonia all throughout Ile des Pins but not the Loyalty Islands. Research groups in 1998 have estimated that 140,000 total individual birds live throughout its total range. Ecology The cloven-f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Endemic (ecology)")
