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Emile Garcke
Emile Oscar Garcke (1856 – 14 November 1930) was a naturalised British electrical engineer, industrial, commercial and political entrepreneur managing director of the British Electric Traction Company (BET), and early author on accounting.Michael Chatfield.Emile Garcke" in: ''History of Accounting: An International Encyclopedia.'' Michael Chatfield, Richard Vangermeersch eds. 1996/2014. p. 269-70. who is noted for writing the earliest standard text on cost accounting in 1887. Biography Born in Saxony, Germany in 1856, Garcke came to England at an early age, becoming a naturalised British citizen in 1880. In 1883 he became Secretary of the Anglo-American Brush Electric Light Corporation, was promoted to Manager in 1887 and became Managing Director of its successor company, Brush Electrical Engineering Company in 1891. In 1893 he was managing director of the Electric Construction Co and lead its reorganisation. He was a great believer in electric traction and set up the Briti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emile Garcke, Vanity Fair, 1910-11-09
Emil or Emile may refer to: Literature *''Emile, or On Education'' (1762), a treatise on education by Jean-Jacques Rousseau * ''Émile'' (novel) (1827), an autobiographical novel based on Émile de Girardin's early life *''Emil and the Detectives'' (1929), a children's novel *"Emil", nickname of the Kurt Maschler Award for integrated text and illustration (1982–1999) *''Emil i Lönneberga'', a series of children's novels by Astrid Lindgren Military *Emil (tank), a Swedish tank developed in the 1950s * Sturer Emil, a German tank destroyer People *Emil (given name), including a list of people with the given name ''Emil'' or ''Emile'' *Aquila Emil (died 2011), Papua New Guinean rugby league footballer Other * ''Emile'' (film), a Canadian film made in 2003 by Carl Bessai *Emil (river), in China and Kazakhstan See also * * *Aemilius (other) *Emilio (other) *Emílio (other) *Emilios (other) Emilios, or Aimilios, (Greek: Αιμίλιος) is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Business Man
A businessperson, businessman, or businesswoman is an individual who has founded, owns, or holds shares in (including as an angel investor) a private-sector company. A businessperson undertakes activities (commercial or industrial) for the purpose of generating cash flow, sales, and revenue by using a combination of human, financial, intellectual, and physical capital with a view to fueling economic development and growth. History Prehistoric period: Traders Since a "businessman" can mean anyone in industry or commerce, businesspeople have existed as long as industry and commerce have existed. "Commerce" can simply mean "trade", and trade has existed through all of recorded history. The first businesspeople in human history were traders or merchants. Medieval period: Rise of the merchant class Merchants emerged as a "class" in medieval Italy (compare, for example, the Vaishya, the traditional merchant caste in Indian society). Between 1300 and 1500, modern accountin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Hamilton Church
Alexander Hamilton Church (28 May 1866 – 11 February 1936) was an English efficiency engineer, accountant and writer on accountancy and management, known for his seminal work of management and cost accounting. Biography Church was born in Uxbridge near London to Richard Stephen Hamilton Church and Jane Grace Quick Clemence, both American. His father was the son of Angelica Schuyler and John Barker Church and grandson of Philip Schuyler, a general in the American Revolution and a United States Senator from New York. There were some rumors that his father was an illegitimate son of Alexander Hamilton, who had married another of General Schuyler's daughters. Alexander H. Church grew up in England, where he received a liberal education. Church started his career at the British National Telephone Company. Over the years he became a technical expert in electrical engineering and started working as manager in an electrical manufacturing business. He rejoined the telephone company a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indirect Costs
Indirect costs are costs that are not directly accountable to a cost object (such as a particular project, facility, function or product). Like direct costs, indirect costs may be either fixed or variable. Indirect costs include administration, personnel and security costs. These are those costs which are not directly related to production. Some indirect costs may be overhead, but other overhead costs can be directly attributed to a project and are direct costs. There are two types of indirect costs. One are the fixed indirect costs, which are unchanged for a particular project or company, like transportation of labor to the working site, building temporary roads, etc. The other are recurring indirect costs, which repeat for a particular company, like maintenance of records or the payment of salaries. Indirect vs direct costs Most cost estimates are broken down into direct costs and indirect costs. Direct costs are directly attributable to the object. In construction, the costs o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Alexander Lyons
James Alexander Lyons (1861–1920) was an American accountancy author, and publisher, known for publishing a series of books on bookkeeping and accountancy in the early 20th century. The first work Lyons published was the 1896 textbook entitled ''A Treatise on Business Practice'', which was designed as textbook for all business schools and as reference for all classes. Biography Lyons had started his commercial textbook business in cooperation with Orville Marcellus Powers (1852–1910s) under the name Powers & Lyons in the 1890s. One of the first books were ''The New Business Arithmetic; A Treatise on Commercial Calculations'', first published in 1893, and ''The Complete Accountant: Designed for the Use of Schools and Private Study : a book of reference for the counting house, embodying the latest forms and methods in use in the best business houses'', first published in 1898. Both books were authored by Powers, and ran in several editions. The firm Powers & Lyons had been diss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Work In Process
Work in process (WIP), work in progress (WIP), goods in process, or in-process inventory refers to a company's partially finished goods waiting for completion and eventual sale, or the value of these items. The term is used in supply chain management, and WIP is a key input for calculating inventory on a company's balance sheet. WIP inventory in supply chain management WIP inventory calculations can help a company assess their supply chain health and guide in supply chain planning. In most cases, it is ideal to have low WIP inventory levels, and companies that manage their inventory level efficiently tend to have lower costs. Managing WIP inventory requires coordination between several functions within a company, as well as with suppliers and customers. Higher WIP inventory levels are advantageous in that they can support a surge in demand, as well as improve cycle time since there is more material in production. However, this can also increase storage costs and obsolescence risk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Material Costs
Direct materials cost the cost of direct materials which can be easily identified with the unit of production. For example, the cost of glass is a direct materials cost in light bulb manufacturing. The manufacture of products or goods required material as the prime element. In general, these materials are divided into two categories. These categories are direct materials and indirect materials. Direct materials are also called productive materials, raw materials, raw stock, stores and only materials without any descriptive title. Direct materials cost estimation Steps to estimate the direct material costs:Phillip W. Gillet, Jr., J.D. notes, Chapter three #Find the total amount to be produced. This is usually noted as the order size. #Calculate the total amount of raw materials required to produce the order size. #Multiply that amount by the cost associated with the raw materials. #If there is a waste or scrap, its cost should be added to the costs in step 3. #If the waste or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labour Costs
A wage is payment made by an employer to an employee for work done in a specific period of time. Some examples of wage payments include compensatory payments such as ''minimum wage'', ''prevailing wage'', and ''yearly bonuses,'' and remunerative payments such as ''prizes'' and ''tip payouts.'' Wages are part of the expenses that are involved in running a business. It is an obligation to the employee regardless of the profitability of the company. Payment by wage contrasts with salaried work, in which the employer pays an arranged amount at steady intervals (such as a week or month) regardless of hours worked, with commission which conditions pay on individual performance, and with compensation based on the performance of the company as a whole. Waged employees may also receive tips or gratuity paid directly by clients and employee benefits which are non-monetary forms of compensation. Since wage labour is the predominant form of work, the term "wage" sometimes refers to all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hugo Diemer
Hugo Diemer (November 18, 1870 – March 3, 1939)SAM, "Necrology Hugo Diemer, November 18, 1960 - March 3, 1939," in: ''The Society for the Advancement of Management Journal,'' Volume 4, Nr 1-4. 1939. p. 35/56 was an American engineer, management consultant, and professor at the Penn State University, who in 1910 published the first industrial engineering textbook: ''Factory Organization and Administration''. Biography Youth, education and early career Born and raised in Cincinnati, Ohio, son of Theodore Diemer and Bertha (Huene) Diemer.''Who's who in the Central States,'' 1929. p. 254 After attending the local public school, Diemer started working. In 1892, at the age of 22, he started his studies in engineering at the Ohio State University, where he graduated in 1896. Between 1896 and 1900 Diemer was production engineer and production manager with the Bullock Engineering and Manufacturing Company and afterwards with Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. Later ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contract Labour
Employment is a relationship between two party (law), parties Regulation, regulating the provision of paid Labour (human activity), labour services. Usually based on a employment contract, contract, one party, the employer, which might be a corporation, a not-for-profit organization, a co-operative, or any other entity, pays the other, the employee, in return for carrying out assigned work. Employees work in return for wages, which can be paid on the basis of an hourly rate, by piecework or an annual salary, depending on the type of work an employee does, the prevailing conditions of the sector and the bargaining power between the parties. Employees in some sectors may receive gratuity, gratuities, bonus payments or employee stock option, stock options. In some types of employment, employees may receive benefits in addition to payment. Benefits may include health insurance, housing, disability insurance. Employment is typically governed by Labour law, employment laws, organisati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trevor Boyns
Trevor Boyns (born 1953) is a British business historian and Professor of Accounting & Business History at the Cardiff University, known for his work in the field of the history of accountancy and business history. Biography Boyns obtained his first class degree in mathematics and economics in 1974 from the University of Warwick, and his PhD in econometric history in 1982 from the University of WalesProfessor Trevor Boyns, Professor of Accounting & Business History at ''business.cardiff.ac.uk.'' Accessed 11.2014. with the thesis, entitled "Labour productivity in the British coal industry, 1874-1913." Boyns spends his academic career at the Cardiff University, where he started in 1976 as tutorial fellow. In 1978 he was appointed lecturer, in 1997 senior lecturer and in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
