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Elsa Conrad
Elsa Conrad, nicknamed "Igel" (9 May 1887 - 19 February 1963) was a German lesbian businesswoman and night club entrepreneur. In the 1930s she was arrested and interned at Moringen concentration camp by the Nazi Party and was forced to emigrate, due to her Lesbians in Nazi Germany, sexuality, non-Aryan origins and political views. Biography Born Elsa Rosenberg on 9 May 1887 in Berlin, she was the daughter of a Jewish mother, Bertha Rosenberg (1861-1940), and an otherwise unknown non-Jewish father. She completed a commercial apprenticeship. In 1910 she married Wilhelm Conrad. This marriage ended in divorce in 1931; it may have been a sham marriage and that Wilhelm was homosexual.Schoppman, C'Elsa Conrad – Margarete Rosenberg – Mary Pünjer – Henny Schermann'in, Eschebach, Insa, ed. Homophobie und Devianz: weibliche und männliche Homosexualität im Nationalsozialismus'. Metropol, 2012. After the end of the First World War, Elsa Conrad, nicknamed "Igel", on account of her s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berlin
Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constituent states, Berlin is surrounded by the State of Brandenburg and contiguous with Potsdam, Brandenburg's capital. Berlin's urban area, which has a population of around 4.5 million, is the second most populous urban area in Germany after the Ruhr. The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region has around 6.2 million inhabitants and is Germany's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions. Berlin straddles the banks of the Spree, which flows into the Havel (a tributary of the Elbe) in the western borough of Spandau. Among the city's main topographical features are the many lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs formed by the Spree, Havel and Dahme, the largest of which is Lake Müggelsee. Due to its l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berta Stenzel
Berta is a female Germanic name or may also be a colloquial shortening of Alberta or Roberta. Berta may refer to: * Berta people, an ethnic group from western Ethiopia and eastern Sudan ** Berta language, their language * ''Berta'' (moth), a geometer moth genus * Berta monastery, a medieval Georgian monastery in modern Turkey * Berta, a fictional character on the American sitcom ''Two and a Half Men'', portrayed by Conchata Ferrell * Berta, a former name of Ortaköy, Artvin, Turkey See also *Bertha (other) *Alberta (other) *Roberta (given name) Roberta is a feminine version of the given name Robert. People with the name *Roberta Achtenberg (born 1950), American attorney * Roberta Alaimo, Italian politician *Roberta Alenius (born 1978), Swedish politician * Roberta Alexander (born 1949), A ... {{Disambig, geo German feminine given names ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holocaust Survivors
Holocaust survivors are people who survived the Holocaust, defined as the persecution and attempted annihilation of the Jews by Nazi Germany and Axis powers, its allies before and during World War II in Europe and North Africa. There is no universally accepted definition of the term, and it has been applied variously to Jews who survived the war in German-occupied Europe or other Axis territories, as well as to those who fled to Allies (World War II), Allied and Neutral powers during World War II, neutral countries before or during the war. In some cases, non-Jews who also experienced collective persecution under the Nazi regime are also considered Holocaust survivors. The definition has evolved over time. Survivors of the Holocaust include those persecuted civilians who were still alive in the Nazi concentration camps, concentration camps when they were liberated at the end of the war, or those who had either Jewish partisans, survived as partisans or been hidden with the Righte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lesbians
A lesbian is a homosexual woman.Zimmerman, p. 453. The word is also used for women in relation to their sexual identity or sexual behavior, regardless of sexual orientation, or as an adjective to characterize or associate nouns with female homosexuality or same-sex attraction. The concept of "lesbian" to differentiate women with a shared sexual orientation evolved in the 20th century. Throughout history, women have not had the same freedom or independence as men to pursue homosexual relationships, but neither have they met the same harsh punishment as homosexual men in some societies. Instead, lesbian relationships have often been regarded as harmless, unless a participant attempts to assert privileges traditionally enjoyed by men. As a result, little in history was documented to give an accurate description of how female homosexuality was expressed. When early sexologists in the late 19th century began to categorize and describe homosexual behavior, hampered by a lack ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1963 Deaths
Events January * January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Cove River, Sydney, Australia. * January 2 – Vietnam War – Battle of Ap Bac: The Viet Cong win their first major victory. * January 9 – A total penumbral lunar eclipse is visible in the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Asia, and is the 56th lunar eclipse of Lunar Saros 114. Gamma has a value of −1.01282. It occurs on the night between Wednesday, January 9 and Thursday, January 10, 1963. * January 13 – 1963 Togolese coup d'état: A military coup in Togo results in the installation of coup leader Emmanuel Bodjollé as president. * January 17 – A last quarter moon occurs between the penumbral lunar eclipse and the annular solar eclipse, only 12 hours, 29 minutes after apogee. * January 19 – Soviet spy Gheorghe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1887 Births
Events January–March * January 11 – Louis Pasteur's anti-rabies treatment is defended in the Académie Nationale de Médecine, by Dr. Joseph Grancher. * January 20 ** The United States Senate allows the Navy to lease Pearl Harbor as a naval base. ** British emigrant ship ''Kapunda'' sinks after a collision off the coast of Brazil, killing 303 with only 16 survivors. * January 21 ** The Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) is formed in the United States. ** Brisbane receives a one-day rainfall of (a record for any Australian capital city). * January 24 – Battle of Dogali: Abyssinian troops defeat the Italians. * January 28 ** In a snowstorm at Fort Keogh, Montana, the largest snowflakes on record are reported. They are wide and thick. ** Construction work begins on the foundations of the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. * February 2 – The first Groundhog Day is observed in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania. * February 4 – The Interstate Commerce Act ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mary Pünjer
Mary Pünjer (24 August 1904 – 28 May 1942) was a German lesbian Jew, who was murdered in the Bernburg Euthanasia Centre during the Holocaust. Life Mary Kümmermann was born on 24 August 1904 in Wandsbek to a Jewish family. After graduating from the Wandsbeker Lyzeum high school in 1922, Mary initially worked as a saleswoman in her parents' women's clothing store. In 1929 she married a schoolfriend, Fritz Pünjer, who was not Jewish. On 24 July 1940, she was arrested and was interned in the Fuhlsbüttel concentration camp in Hamburg for three months. The camp's entry register described her as “anti-social” and, as an addendum - “a very active lesbian”. She also supposedly “exchanged tendernesses” with another woman. The fact that she was Jewish was not included in these records. In October 1940 Pünjer was transferred to the Ravensbrück concentration camp. On her admission to the concentration camp, “lesbian” was not noted as the main reason, but only as an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henny Schermann
Henny Schermann (19 February 1912 – 30 May 1942) was a Jewish lesbian from Germany, who was murdered in Bernburg Euthanasia Centre. Biography Henny Schermann was born on 19 February 1912 in Frankfurt. She was the first of three children to a Jewish couple; her father was a Russian immigrant, but her mother was German. Her parents separated in 1931 and her mother, Selma, took over the running of the family shoe shop at Meisengasse 6; the shop was later forced to close due to anti-Semitic boycotts. After the seizure of power by the Nazi Party in 1933, all Jewish women were forced, by decree, to add Sara as a middle name, which was intended as a defamatory mark of belonging to the alleged Jewish "race". Despite this, Schermann, who worked as an assistant in a shop, refused to use the middle name. She continued to visit lesbian bars in Frankfurt, behaviour which was dangerous since Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany, homosexuality was illegal in Nazi Germany. In March 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holocaust Studies
Holocaust studies, or sometimes Holocaust research, is a scholarly discipline that encompasses the historical research and study of the Holocaust. Institutions dedicated to Holocaust research investigate the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary aspects of Holocaust methodology, demography, sociology, and psychology. It also covers the study of Nazi Germany, World War II, Jewish history, religion, Christian-Jewish relations, Holocaust theology, ethics, social responsibility, and genocide on a global scale. Exploring trauma, memories, and testimonies of the experiences of Holocaust survivors, human rights, international relations, Jewish life, Judaism, and Jewish identity in the post-Holocaust world are also covered in this type of research. Academic research Among the research institutions and academic programs specializing in Holocaust research are: * Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. Center for Holocaus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laurie Marhoefer
Laurie Marhoefer is a historian of queer and trans politics who is employed as the Jon Bridgman Endowed Professor of History at the University of Washington. In January 2021, together with Jennifer V. Evans, they facilitated the Jack and Anita Hess Research Seminar at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) is the United States' official memorial to the Holocaust. Adjacent to the National Mall in Washington, D.C., the USHMM provides for the documentation, study, and interpretation of Holocaust hi ... on LGBTQ+ histories of the Holocaust. Works * * References {{reflist Living people University of Washington faculty Historians of Germany Historians of sexuality Year of birth missing (living people) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mechthild Grossmann
Mechthild is a female Germanic given name. It is an old form of the first name Mathilde and means "powerful in combat, powerful fighter". Bearers of this name include: People * Mechthild of Bavaria (1532–1565), German noblewoman * Mechthild of the Palatinate (1418–1482), princess and literary patron (Mechthild of Germany) * Mechthild of Magdeburg (1207– c. 1282/1294), medieval German mystic * Mechtild of Holstein (1220/1225–1288), wife of Danish king Abel * Mechthild of Hackeborn (1241–1299), cistercian und christian mystic * Mechthild of Sayn (c. 1203 – c. 1291), wife of Henry III, Count of Sayn (Mechthild of Landsberg) * Mechthild of Bienburg (c. 1223 – c. 1265), abbess of Buchau Abbey * Mechthild of Baden (died 1258), countess of Württemberg * Mechthild of Diessen (c. 1125–1160), abbess of Edelstetten (Mathilde von Andechs) * Mechthild of Giessen (c. 1155 – c. 1203), countess of Giessen * Mechthild Heil (born 1961), German politician * Mechthild Großmann Mec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
