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Elementary Comparison Testing
Elementary comparison testing (ECT) is a white-box, control-flow, test-design methodology used in software development.Lee Copeland (2004). ''A Practitioners Guide to Software Test Design'', chapter 10. Artech House Publishers, Norwood. . The purpose of ECT is to enable detailed testing of complex software. Software code or pseudocode is tested to assess the proper handling of all decision outcomes. As with multiple-condition coverage and basis path testing, coverage of all independent and isolated conditions is accomplished through modified condition/decision coverage (MC/DC).Tim Kroom (2006). ''TMap Next, for result driven testing'', p. 668. UTN Publishers, Rotterdam. . Isolated conditions are aggregated into connected situations creating formal test cases. The independence of a condition is shown by changing the condition value in isolation. Each relevant condition value is covered by test cases. Test case A test case consists of a logical path through one or many decisions f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White-box Testing
White-box testing (also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, transparent box testing, and structural testing) is a method of software testing that tests internal structures or workings of an application, as opposed to its functionality (i.e. black-box testing). In white-box testing, an internal perspective of the system is used to design test cases. The tester chooses inputs to exercise paths through the code and determine the expected outputs. This is analogous to testing nodes in a circuit, e.g. in-circuit testing (ICT). White-box testing can be applied at the unit testing, unit, integration testing, integration and system testing, system levels of the software testing process. Although traditional testers tended to think of white-box testing as being done at the unit level, it is used for integration and system testing more frequently today. It can test paths within a unit, paths between units during integration, and between subsystems during a system–level test. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ECT Example Inductive Proof Plain 4
ECT may refer to: Educational institutions * École Canadienne de Tunis, a school in Tunis, Tunisia * Emirates College of Technology, in Abu Dhabi Government and politics * Catalan Workers' Left ( ca, Esquerra Catalana dels Treballadors, link=no), a defunct political party in France * Correios, the Brazilian postal service and postal administration * Election Commission of Thailand, the election management body of Thailand * Energy Charter Treaty, an international agreement guaranteeing investors in energy projects Medicine and psychology * Ecarin clotting time * Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor * Electroconvulsive therapy * Elementary cognitive task * Emission computed tomography * Expectation confirmation theory Religion * Eternal conscious torment, a view of Hell in Christianity * '' Evangelicals and Catholics Together'', an ecumenical document Technology * ECN-capable transport, a transport layer capable of using Explicit Congestion Notification * Eddy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decision-to-decision Path
A decision-to-decision path, or DD-path, is a path of execution (usually through a flow graph representing a program, such as a flow chart) between two decisions. More recent versions of the concept also include the decisions themselves in their own DD-paths. Definition In Huang's 1975 paper, The definition given there is citing: "Fortran automated verification system Level 1 — user's guide, Program Validation Project, General Research Corp., October 1974." a decision-to-decision path is defined as path in a program's flowchart such that all the following hold (quoting from the paper): * its first constituent edge emanates either from an entry node or a decision box; * its last constituent edge terminates either at a decision box or at an exit node; and * there are no decision boxes on the path except those at both ends Jorgensen's more recent textbooks restate it in terms of a program's flow graph (called a "program graph" in that textbook). First define some preliminary not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Control-flow Graph
In computer science, a control-flow graph (CFG) is a representation, using graph notation, of all paths that might be traversed through a program during its execution. The control-flow graph was discovered by Frances E. Allen, who noted that Reese T. Prosser used boolean connectivity matrices for flow analysis before. The CFG is essential to many compiler optimizations and static-analysis tools. Definition In a control-flow graph each node in the graph represents a basic block, i.e. a straight-line piece of code without any jumps or jump targets; jump targets start a block, and jumps end a block. Directed edges are used to represent jumps in the control flow. There are, in most presentations, two specially designated blocks: the ''entry block'', through which control enters into the flow graph, and the ''exit block'', through which all control flow leaves. Because of its construction procedure, in a CFG, every edge A→B has the property that: : outdegree(A) > 1 or inde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ECT Example Test Case Graph C
ECT may refer to: Educational institutions * École Canadienne de Tunis, a school in Tunis, Tunisia * Emirates College of Technology, in Abu Dhabi Government and politics * Catalan Workers' Left ( ca, Esquerra Catalana dels Treballadors, link=no), a defunct political party in France * Correios, the Brazilian postal service and postal administration * Election Commission of Thailand, the election management body of Thailand * Energy Charter Treaty, an international agreement guaranteeing investors in energy projects Medicine and psychology * Ecarin clotting time * Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor * Electroconvulsive therapy * Elementary cognitive task * Emission computed tomography * Expectation confirmation theory Religion * Eternal conscious torment, a view of Hell in Christianity * '' Evangelicals and Catholics Together'', an ecumenical document Technology * ECN-capable transport, a transport layer capable of using Explicit Congestion Notification * Eddy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Python (programming Language)
Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation. Python is dynamically-typed and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured (particularly procedural), object-oriented and functional programming. It is often described as a "batteries included" language due to its comprehensive standard library. Guido van Rossum began working on Python in the late 1980s as a successor to the ABC programming language and first released it in 1991 as Python 0.9.0. Python 2.0 was released in 2000 and introduced new features such as list comprehensions, cycle-detecting garbage collection, reference counting, and Unicode support. Python 3.0, released in 2008, was a major revision that is not completely backward-compatible with earlier versions. Python 2 was discontinued with version 2.7.18 in 2020. Python consistently ranks as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ECT Example Decision D2 Conditions
ECT may refer to: Educational institutions * École Canadienne de Tunis, a school in Tunis, Tunisia * Emirates College of Technology, in Abu Dhabi Government and politics * Catalan Workers' Left ( ca, Esquerra Catalana dels Treballadors, link=no), a defunct political party in France * Correios, the Brazilian postal service and postal administration * Election Commission of Thailand, the election management body of Thailand * Energy Charter Treaty, an international agreement guaranteeing investors in energy projects Medicine and psychology * Ecarin clotting time * Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor * Electroconvulsive therapy * Elementary cognitive task * Emission computed tomography * Expectation confirmation theory Religion * Eternal conscious torment, a view of Hell in Christianity * '' Evangelicals and Catholics Together'', an ecumenical document Technology * ECN-capable transport, a transport layer capable of using Explicit Congestion Notification * Eddy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ECT Example Control Flows
ECT may refer to: Educational institutions * École Canadienne de Tunis, a school in Tunis, Tunisia * Emirates College of Technology, in Abu Dhabi Government and politics * Catalan Workers' Left ( ca, Esquerra Catalana dels Treballadors, link=no), a defunct political party in France * Correios, the Brazilian postal service and postal administration * Election Commission of Thailand, the election management body of Thailand * Energy Charter Treaty, an international agreement guaranteeing investors in energy projects Medicine and psychology * Ecarin clotting time * Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor * Electroconvulsive therapy * Elementary cognitive task * Emission computed tomography * Expectation confirmation theory Religion * Eternal conscious torment, a view of Hell in Christianity * '' Evangelicals and Catholics Together'', an ecumenical document Technology * ECN-capable transport, a transport layer capable of using Explicit Congestion Notification * Eddy-cur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ECT Example Inductive Proof Plain
ECT may refer to: Educational institutions * École Canadienne de Tunis, a school in Tunis, Tunisia * Emirates College of Technology, in Abu Dhabi Government and politics * Catalan Workers' Left ( ca, Esquerra Catalana dels Treballadors, link=no), a defunct political party in France * Correios, the Brazilian postal service and postal administration * Election Commission of Thailand, the election management body of Thailand * Energy Charter Treaty, an international agreement guaranteeing investors in energy projects Medicine and psychology * Ecarin clotting time * Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor * Electroconvulsive therapy * Elementary cognitive task * Emission computed tomography * Expectation confirmation theory Religion * Eternal conscious torment, a view of Hell in Christianity * '' Evangelicals and Catholics Together'', an ecumenical document Technology * ECN-capable transport, a transport layer capable of using Explicit Congestion Notification * Eddy-cur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Control Flow
In computer science, control flow (or flow of control) is the order in which individual statements, instructions or function calls of an imperative program are executed or evaluated. The emphasis on explicit control flow distinguishes an ''imperative programming'' language from a '' declarative programming'' language. Within an imperative programming language, a ''control flow statement'' is a statement that results in a choice being made as to which of two or more paths to follow. For non-strict functional languages, functions and language constructs exist to achieve the same result, but they are usually not termed control flow statements. A set of statements is in turn generally structured as a block, which in addition to grouping, also defines a lexical scope. Interrupts and signals are low-level mechanisms that can alter the flow of control in a way similar to a subroutine, but usually occur as a response to some external stimulus or event (that can occur asynchronously), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Test Case
In software engineering, a test case is a specification of the inputs, execution conditions, testing procedure, and expected results that define a single test to be executed to achieve a particular software testing objective, such as to exercise a particular program path or to verify compliance with a specific requirement. Test cases underlie testing that is methodical rather than haphazard. A battery of test cases can be built to produce the desired coverage of the software being tested. Formally defined test cases allow the same tests to be run repeatedly against successive versions of the software, allowing for effective and consistent regression testing. Formal test cases In order to fully test that all the requirements of an application are met, there must be at least two test cases for each requirement: one positive test and one negative test. If a requirement has sub-requirements, each sub-requirement must have at least two test cases. Keeping track of the link between t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modified Condition/decision Coverage
Modified condition/decision coverage (MC/DC) is a code coverage criterion used in software testing. Overview MC/DC requires all of the below during testing: #Each entry and exit point is invoked #Each decision takes every possible outcome #Each condition in a decision takes every possible outcome #Each condition in a decision is shown to independently affect the outcome of the decision. Independence of a condition is shown by proving that only one condition changes at a time. MC/DC is used in avionics software development guidance DO-178B and DO-178C to ensure adequate testing of the most critical (Level A) software, which is defined as that software which could ''provide (or prevent failure of)'' continued safe flight and landing of an aircraft. It is also highly recommended for SIL 4 in part 3 Annex B of the basic safety publication and ASIL D in part 6 of automotive standard ISO 26262. Additionally, NASA requires 100% MC/DC coverage for any safety critical software component i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
