|
Electronic Literature
Electronic literature or digital literature is a genre of literature encompassing works created exclusively on and for digital devices, such as computers, tablets, and mobile phones. A work of electronic literature can be defined as "a construction whose literary aesthetics emerge from computation", "work that could only exist in the space for which it was developed/written/coded—the digital space". This means that these writings cannot be easily printed, or cannot be printed at all, because elements crucial to the text are unable to be carried over onto a printed version. As Di Rosario et al. 2021 note "Electronic literature is a digital-oriented literature, but the reader should not confuse it with digitized print literature." Definitions N. Katherine Hayles defines electronic literature as "'digital born' (..) and (usually) meant to be read on a computer", clarifying that this does not include e-books and digitised print literature. A definition offered by the Electronic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypertext Fiction
Hypertext fiction is a genre of electronic literature, characterized by the use of hypertext links that provide a new context for non-linearity in literature and reader interaction. The reader typically chooses links to move from one node of text to the next, and in this fashion arranges a story from a deeper pool of potential stories. Its spirit can also be seen in interactive fiction. The term can also be used to describe traditionally-published books in which a nonlinear narrative and interactive narrative is achieved through internal references. James Joyce's '' Ulysses'' (1922), Enrique Jardiel Poncela's '' La Tournée de Dios'' (1932), Jorge Luis Borges' ''The Garden of Forking Paths'' (1941), Vladimir Nabokov's ''Pale Fire'' (1962), Julio Cortázar's '' Rayuela'' (1963; translated as ''Hopscotch''), and Italo Calvino's '' The Castle of Crossed Destinies'' (1973) are early examples predating the word "hypertext", while a common pop-culture example is the ''Choose Your Ow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Weizenbaum
Joseph Weizenbaum (8 January 1923 – 5 March 2008) was a German American computer scientist and a professor at MIT. The Weizenbaum Award is named after him. He is considered one of the fathers of modern artificial intelligence. Life and career Born in Berlin, Germany to Jewish parents, he escaped Nazi Germany in January 1936, immigrating with his family to the United States. He started studying mathematics in 1941 at Wayne State University, in Detroit, Michigan. In 1942, he interrupted his studies to serve in the U.S. Army Air Corps as a meteorologist, having been turned down for cryptology work because of his "enemy alien" status. After the war, in 1946, he returned to Wayne State, obtaining his B.S. in Mathematics in 1948, and his M.S. in 1950. Around 1952, as a research assistant at Wayne, Weizenbaum worked on analog computers and helped create a digital computer. In 1956 he worked for General Electric on ERMA, a computer system that introduced the use of the magnetically ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stuart Moulthrop
Stuart Moulthrop (born 1957 in Baltimore, Maryland, United States) is an innovator of electronic literature and hypertext fiction, both as a theoretician and as a writer. He is author of the hypertext fiction works '' Victory Garden'' (1992), which was on the front-page of the New York Times Book Review in 1993, ''Reagan Library'' (1999), and ''Hegirascope'' (1995), amongst many others. Moulthrop is currently a Professor of Digital Humanities in the Department of English, at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. He also became a founding board member of the Electronic Literature Organization in 1999. Education Born in Baltimore, Maryland in 1957, he became an English major at George Washington University after reading '' Gravity's Rainbow'' by Thomas Pynchon in 1975. He received his PhD from Yale University in 1986. He taught at Yale from 1984–1990, and then at the University of Texas at Austin and the Georgia Institute of Technology. In 1994 he moved back to Baltim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Twine (software)
Twine is a free and open-source tool created by Chris Klimas for making interactive fiction in the form of web pages. It is available on Mac OS X, Windows, and Linux. Software Twine emphasizes the visual structure of hypertext, and does not require knowledge of a programming language as many other game development tools do. It is regarded as a tool which can be used by anyone interested in interactive fiction and experimental games. Twine 2 is a browser-based application written in HTML5 and Javascript, also available as a standalone desktop app; it also supports CSS. It is currently in version 2.5.1, as of September 2022. Rather than using a fixed scripting language, Twine supports the use of different "story formats". In Twine 1, these mostly affected how a story was displayed rather than how it was written, but Twine 2 story formats combine style, semantic rules and markup conventions and are described as "dialects" of the Twine language. There are many story formats; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypertext
Hypertext is text displayed on a computer display or other electronic devices with references ( hyperlinks) to other text that the reader can immediately access. Hypertext documents are interconnected by hyperlinks, which are typically activated by a mouse click, keypress set, or screen touch. Apart from text, the term "hypertext" is also sometimes used to describe tables, images, and other presentational content formats with integrated hyperlinks. Hypertext is one of the key underlying concepts of the World Wide Web, where Web pages are often written in the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). As implemented on the Web, hypertext enables the easy-to-use publication of information over the Internet. Etymology The English prefix "hyper-" comes from the Greek prefix "ὑπερ-" and means "over" or "beyond"; it has a common origin with the prefix "super-" which comes from Latin. It signifies the overcoming of the previous linear constraints of written text. The term ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Storyspace
Storyspace is a software program for creating, editing, and reading hypertext fiction. It can also be used for writing and organizing fiction and non-fiction intended for print. Maintained and distributed by Eastgate Systems, the software is available both for Windows and Mac. History Storyspace was the first software program specifically developed for creating, editing, and reading hypertext fiction. It was created in the 1980s by Jay David Bolter, UNC Computer Science Professor John B. Smith, and Michael Joyce. Bolter and Joyce presented it to the first international meeting on Hypertext at Chapel Hill in October 1987. Artistic and educational use Several classics of hypertext literature were created using Storyspace, such as '' Afternoon, a story'' by Michael Joyce, ''Victory Garden'' by Stuart Moulthrop, ''Patchwork Girl'' by Shelley Jackson, and ''Figurski at Findhorn on Acid'' by Richard Holeton. Storyspace has also been used extensively in secondary and tertiary educat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeremy Shaw
Jeremy Shaw (born 1977) is a Canadian visual artist based in Berlin, Germany. Shaw's art deals with altered states and the cultural and scientific practices investigating transcendental experience, with recurring themes around belief-systems, drugs, neuroscience, subculture, dance and evolution. His works often combine elements of cinema vérité, conceptual art, music video, scientific research, and science fiction. His practice incorporates media including film, video, photography, sculpture, music and performance. Exhibitions Shaw's solo exhibitions have been hosted by the Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris (2020); Schinkel Pavillon, Berlin (2013); and MoMA PS1, New York (2011); and he has participated in international surveys, including the 57th Venice Biennale (2017), and Manifesta 11, Zurich (2016). In 2016 Shaw was awarded the Sobey Art Award. Shaw's work is included in numerous permanent collections including the Museum of Modern Art, New York, US, Tate Modern, London ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastgate Systems
Eastgate Systems is a publisher and software company headquartered in Watertown, Massachusetts, which publishes hypertext. Eastgate is a pioneer in hypertext publishing and electronic literature and one of the best known publishers of hypertext fiction. It publishes fiction, non-fiction, and poetry hypertexts by established authors with careers in print, as well as new authors. Its software tools include Storyspace, a hypertext system created by Jay David Bolter, Michael Joyce, and John B. Smith in which much early hypertext fiction was written, and Tinderbox, a tool for managing notes and information. Storyspace was used in a project in Michigan to put judicial "bench books" into electronic form. Eastgate's chief scientist, Mark Bernstein, is a well-known figure in hypertext research, and has improved and extended Storyspace as well as developing new hypertext software. Product list * Tinderbox, a content assistant for managing, analyzing and mapping notes in a hypertextual e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afternoon, A Story
''afternoon, a story'', spelled with a lowercase 'a', is a work of electronic literature written in 1987 by American author Michael Joyce. It was published by Eastgate Systems in 1990 and is known as one of the first works of hypertext fiction. ''afternoon'' was first offered to the public as a demonstration of the hypertext authoring system Storyspace, announced in 1987 at the first Association for Computing Machinery Hypertext conference in a paper by Michael Joyce and Jay David Bolter. In 1990, it was published on diskette and distributed in the same form by Eastgate Systems. It was followed by a series of other Storyspace hypertext fictions, including Stuart Moulthrop's ''Victory Garden'', Shelley Jackson's '' Patchwork Girl'' and Deena Larsen's ''Marble Springs''. Eastgate continues to publish the work in the 2010s and distributes it on a USB flash drive. Plot and structure The hypertext fiction tells the story of Peter, a recently divorced man who witnessed a car ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The WELL
The Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link, normally shortened to The WELL, was launched in 1985. It is one of the oldest continuously operating virtual communities. By 1993 it had 7,000 members, a staff of 12, and gross annual income of $2 million. A 1997 feature in ''Wired'' magazine called it "The world's most influential online community." In 2012, when it was last publicly offered for sale, it had 2,693 members. It is best known for its Internet forums, but also provides email, shell accounts, and web pages. Discussion topics are organized into conferences that cover broad areas of interest. User anonymity is prohibited. History The WELL was started by Stewart Brand and Larry Brilliant in 1985. The name follows the naming of some of Brand's earlier projects, including the '' Whole Earth Catalog''. Initially The WELL was owned 50% by The Point Foundation, publishers of the Whole Earth Catalog and Whole Earth Review, and 50% by NETI Technologies Inc. a Vancouver-based company of w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judy Malloy
Judy Malloy (born Judith Ann Powers January 9, 1942) is a poet whose works embrace the intersection of hypernarrative, magic realism, and information art. Beginning with ''Uncle Roger'' in 1986, Malloy has composed works in both new media literature and hypertext fiction. She was an early creator of online interactive and collaborative fiction on The WELL and the website ArtsWire. Malloy has served as editor and leader for books and web projects. Her literary works have been exhibited worldwide. Recently she has been a Digital Studies Fellow at the Rutgers Camden Digital Studies Center (2016-2017) and a Visiting Lecturer at Princeton University in Social Media Poetics (2013) and Electronic Literature (2014). Biography Early life and education Born in Boston a month after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Malloy was raised in Massachusetts. Her mother was a journalist and newspaper editor, and her father, a Normandy veteran, worked as an assistant district attorney in two Massachuset ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bp Nichol
Barrie Phillip Nichol (30 September 1944 – 25 September 1988), known as bpNichol, was a Canadian poet, writer, sound poet, editor, Creative Writing teacher at York University in Toronto and grOnk/Ganglia Press publisher. His body of work encompasses poetry, children's books, television scripts, novels, short fiction, computer texts, and sound poetry. His love of language and writing, evident in his many accomplishments, continues to be carried forward by many. Work Nichol was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. Though his early writing consisted of fiction and lyrical poems, he first received international recognition in the 1960s for concrete poetry. The first major publications included ''Journeying & the returns'' (1967), a purple box containing visual & lyrical poems and ''Konfessions of an Elizabethan Fan Dancer'' (1969) a book of concrete poetry. He won the 1970 Governor General's Award for poetry with four publications: the prose booklet ''The True Eventual Story ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
