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El Marada
The Marada Movement ( ar, تيار المردة, translit=Tayyār Al-Marada) is a Lebanese political party and a former militia active during the Lebanese Civil War named after the legendary Marada (also called Mardaites) warriors of the early Middle Ages that fought on the external edge of the Byzantine Empire. Originally designated the Marada Brigade ( ''Liwa al-Marada''), the group initially emerged as the personal militia of Suleiman Frangieh, president of Lebanon at the outbreak of the war in 1975. They were also initially known as the '' Zgharta Liberation Army'', after Frangieh's hometown of Zgharta in northern Lebanon. Marada in Lebanese History The Marada were a group of independent communities in Lebanon and the surrounding highlands after the conquest of Syria by the Arab army in 630 CE. While some historians argue that the Marada "States" were that of a Maronite Aramaic-speaking Christian warrior elite, other historians tend to their downplay importance, and describ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lebanese Nationalism
Lebanese nationalism, a nationalistic ideology, considers the Lebanese people as a distinct nation independent from the Arab world. The ideology considers the Lebanese people to be direct descendants of the Phoenicians. This ideology is rooted in the 19th-century sectarian war between the Maronites and Druze that occurred in Mount Lebanon. It took its formalized form during the inter-war period and the French Mandate of Syria, when it served primarily as a tool in opposing Arab nationalism and in justifying the existence of the nascent country of Lebanon. During the 20th century, especially during the Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese nationalism was associated with the Kataeb Party, Lebanese Forces, National Liberal Party and secularist movements like Guardians of the Cedars, National Bloc and the Lebanese Renewal Party, spearheaded by the renowned late Lebanese poet and philosopher Said Akl. Lebanese nationalism goes even further and incorporates irredentist views going beyon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mardaites
The Mardaites () or al-Jarajima ( syr, ܡܪ̈ܕܝܐ; ar, ٱلْجَرَاجِمَة / ALA-LC: ''al-Jarājimah''), inhabited the highland regions of the Nur Mountains. The Mardaites were early Christians following either Miaphysitism or Monothelitism. Little is known about their ethnicity, but it has been speculated that they might have been Persians (see, for a purely linguistic hypothesis, the Amardi, located south of the Caspian sea in classical times) or Armenians, yet other sources claim them to have been native to the Levant or possibly even from the Arabian peninsula. Their other Arabic name, ''al-Jarājimah'', suggests that some were natives of the town Jurjum in Cilicia; the name Marada in Arabic is the plural of Mared which could mean a giant, a supernatural beings like Jinn, a high mountain or a rebel. Whether their name was due to their existence outside of legitimate political authority or their residence in the mountains is not known. They were joined later by various ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lebanese National Movement
The Lebanese National Movement (LNM) ( ar, الحركة الوطنية اللبنانية, ''Al-Harakat al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya'') or Mouvement National Libanais (MNL) in French, was a front of leftist, pan-Arabist and Syrian nationalist parties and organizations active during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War, which supported the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). It was headed by Kamal Jumblatt, a prominent Druze leader of the Progressive Socialist Party (PSP). The Vice-President was Inaam Raad, leader of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon, Syrian Social Nationalist Party and Assem Qanso of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region, pro-Syrian Lebanese Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. The general secretary of the LNM was Mohsen Ibrahim, leader of the Communist Action Organization in Lebanon (CAOL). The LNM was one of two main coalitions during the first rounds of fighting in the Lebanese Civil War, the other being the militias of the mainly C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baabda
Baabda ( ar, بعبدا) is the capital city of Baabda District as well as the capital of Mount Lebanon Governorate, western Lebanon. Baabda was the capital city of the autonomous Ottoman Mount Lebanon. Baabda is known for the Ottoman Castle (the serail) and it has many embassies (Italian, Japanese, Jordanian, Polish, Ukrainian, Romanian, Indonesian, Spanish ... ), the Ministry of Defense and many important organization and administrative centres in Lebanon. Baabda Palace, residence of the President of Lebanon is also located in Baabda. The palace was built in 1956 on a hill in the mountain town of Baabda overlooking the Lebanese capital, Beirut. The first President to reside in it was President Charles Helou (25 September 1913 – 7 January 2001) During his two years, 1988 to 1990, as Lebanon's interim Prime Minister, Michel Aoun took up residence in the Baabda Palace surrounded by those troops from the Lebanese army who had remained loyal to him. Also in Baabda, Dany Chamo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republican Guard (Lebanon)
The Republican Guard Brigade ( , ''Liwāʾ al-Ḥaras al-ǧumhūrī''), also known as the Presidential Guard Brigade, is a unit of the Land Component of the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF), attached to the Directorate-General of the Presidency of Lebanon. Insignia The insignia of the Presidential Guard Brigade consists of: # The Lebanese flag in the form of a shield. # A wreath composed of two fronds of laurel and oak leaves. # Two crossed swords. # # The background of the insignia is a shield colored navy blue. The Lebanese flag is in the middle of the insignia, the two swords in its background, the wreath surrounding it. above it are inscribed the words "Republican Guard". Structure and organization The brigade comprises a 1st Battalion, 2nd Battalion, a Support Battalion, and a Logistics Battalion. The brigade was established on May 14, 1984 and was stationed in Baabda. Up until 1949, the Lebanese Republican Guard Brigade was called the Dragon brigade. The command ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nahr Al-Bared
Nahr al-Bared ( ar, نهر البارد, literally: Cold River) is a Palestinian refugee camp in northern Lebanon, 16 km from the city of Tripoli. Some 30,000 displaced Palestinians and their descendants live in and around the camp, which was named after the river that runs south of the camp. Under the terms of the 1969 Cairo Agreement, the Lebanese Army does not conventionally enter the Palestinian camps, and internal security is provided by Palestinian factions. The camp was established in December 1949 by the League of Red Cross Societies in order to accommodate the Palestinian refugees suffering from the difficult winter conditions in the Beqaa Valley and the suburbs of Tripoli. The camp was established outside any major Lebanese towns or settlements, which left Nahr al-Bared more isolated from the Lebanese society than many of the other camps in Lebanon. Despite this, due to its position on the main road to Syria and its proximity to the Syrian border, Nahr al-Bared g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beddawi Refugee Camp
Beddawi camp is a second camp in north Lebanon. It is located in the high region which is in front of Tripoli city. It has two entrances, one southward from the Al-qobi region and the other northward from Beddawi city. It was established in 1955 in 1 km2. It is 120m above sea level and about 5 km north of Tripoli city. Sectors The camp is divided into four sectors: Sector A This contains 30% of the occupants. Most of them are from Safad region, Shafaamer, Nahf, Safouri, Yafa, Yafa Badoun, Al-Ghabisiyya, Al- Safsf. Sector B This contains 20% of the occupants. Most of them are from, Safad region, Al-Safsf, Sohmata, Al- Brwih, Hayfa, Al- Bozih, Jahoula, Al- Naami. Sector C This contains 30% of the occupants. Most of them are from, Safad region, Al- Bozih, Safouri, Hayfa region, Yafa, Khalesah. Sector D This contains 20%, distributed among 3 regions: * PLO region: they are living in temporary houses and the occupants of these houses are displaced from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koura District
Koura District ( ar, ٱلْكُورَة, from gr, χώρα, lit=country) is a district in the North Governorate, Lebanon. Koura is one of the 26 districts of Lebanon, particularly known for its olive tree cultivation and olive oil production. It comprises a total of 52 villages, and its capital and largest town is Amioun, with about 10,000 inhabitants as of 2010. The district stretches from the Mediterranean Sea up to Mount Lebanon, and comprises a series of foothills surrounding a low-lying plain where olive is cultivated. The olive orchards of Koura are among the most extensive in Lebanon. 72% of Koura's inhabitants belong to the Greek Orthodox confession, while the rest are split between Maronites, Sunni Muslims, Shia Muslims and a small Alawite minority. It is the only majority Greek Orthodox district in Lebanon. The University of Balamand is headquartered in the Koura District. Cities and towns *Amioun *Enfeh *Deddeh *Kousba *Kfaraakka See also *University of Balam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tripoli District, Lebanon
The Tripoli District is a small, but very densely populated district in the North Governorate of Lebanon. It consists of the city Tripoli and the surrounding area. The vast majority of residents are Sunni Muslim (approximately 80%), a small minority Orthodox and Maronite Christians, and a small minority of Alawite Muslims. Municipalities * Al-Qalamoun * el-Mina * Tripoli Tripoli or Tripolis may refer to: Cities and other geographic units Greece *Tripoli, Greece, the capital of Arcadia, Greece * Tripolis (region of Arcadia), a district in ancient Arcadia, Greece * Tripolis (Larisaia), an ancient Greek city in ... * Baddawi Denominational makeup of the population By registed voters in the district. References {{Tripoli District Districts of Lebanon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christianity In Lebanon
Christianity in Lebanon has a long and continuous history. Biblical Scriptures purport that Peter and Paul evangelized the Phoenicians, whom they affiliated to the ancient patriarchate of Antioch. The spread of Christianity in Lebanon was very slow where paganism persisted especially in the mountaintop strongholds of Mount Lebanon. A 2015 study estimates some 2,500 Lebanese Christians have Muslim ancestry, whereas the majority of Lebanese Christians are direct descendants of the original early Christians. The Maronite Catholics and the Druze founded modern Lebanon in the early eighteenth century, through a governing and social system known as the " Maronite-Druze dualism" in the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate. Proportionally, Lebanon has the highest rate of Christians in the Middle East, where the percentage ranges between 34% and 40%, followed directly by Egypt and Syria at roughly 10%, and Jordan at 3 to 6%. Lebanon's displaced population and diaspora, estimated at 12 mill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zgharta Liberation Army
The Zgharta Liberation Army – ZLA ( ar, جيش تحرير زغرتا, Jayish Tahrir Zaghrita), also known as Zghartawi Liberation Army or Armée de Liberation de Zgharta (ALZ) in French, was the paramilitary branch of the Lebanese Marada Movement during the Lebanese Civil War. The militia was formed in 1967 by the future President of Lebanon and za'im Suleiman Frangieh as the Marada Brigade (also translated as Mardaite Brigade) seven years before the war began. The force was initially commanded by Suleiman Franjieh's son, Tony Frangieh. It operated mainly out of Tripoli and Zgharta, but it also fought in Beirut. The ZLA fought against various Palestinian and Lebanese Muslim militias as well as the Lebanese Forces in Bsharri and Ehden. Origins The Al-Marada's military wing was secretly formed in 1967 and at the outbreak of the war in April 1975, they numbered just 700-800 men armed with obsolete firearms acquired on the black market. They first came to light on 17 August 1970 a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_in_Lebanon.jpg "Click for more on -> Koura District")
