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Edward Friend
Edward Nicholas Friend (died 14 February 1948), also known as Teddy Friend, was a British people, British trade union leader. Friend worked in London as a bookbinder, specialising in binding account books using vellum. This was a small but established trade, and he joined a craft union, the Vellum (Account Book) Binders' Trade Society. Friend was an early supporter of the Labour Representation Committee (1900), Labour Representation Committee and its successor, the Labour Party (UK), Labour Party, in which union president Frederick Rogers (bookbinder), Frederick Rogers was prominent. Friend was also secretary of the Shoreditch Labour League. Pay and conditions for the vellum binders lagged behind those of other bookbinders, and by 1907, the union was strongly in favour of amalgamating with other, larger, unions in the trade. In 1909, Friend was elected as general secretary of the vellum binders, and he championed a merger between his union, the Bookbinders and Machine Rulers' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British People
British people or Britons, also known colloquially as Brits, are the citizens of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the British Overseas Territories, and the Crown dependencies.: British nationality law governs modern British citizenship and nationality, which can be acquired, for instance, by descent from British nationals. When used in a historical context, "British" or "Britons" can refer to the Ancient Britons, the indigenous inhabitants of Great Britain and Brittany, whose surviving members are the modern Welsh people, Cornish people, and Bretons. It also refers to citizens of the former British Empire, who settled in the country prior to 1973, and hold neither UK citizenship nor nationality. Though early assertions of being British date from the Late Middle Ages, the Union of the Crowns in 1603 and the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 triggered a sense of British national identity.. The notion of Britishness and a shared Brit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Union Of Bookbinders And Machine Rulers
{{Infobox union , name = National Union of Bookbinders and Machine Rulers , full_name = , image = , founded = 1911 , predecessor = , successor = , dissolved = 1921 , merged = National Union of Printing, Bookbinding, Machine Ruling and Paper Workers , members = 7,000 (1912) , publication = , location_country= United Kingdom , affiliation = Trades Union Congress , key_people = , headquarters = 9 Independent Buildings, Fargate, Sheffield , footnotes = The National Union of Bookbinders and Machine Rulers was a trade union representing bookbinders and related workers in the United Kingdom. The union was founded in 1911 when the Bookbinders' and Machine Rulers' Consolidated Union merged with the London Consolidated Society of Journeymen Bookbinders, the Vellum Account Book Binders' Trade Society and the Day Working Bookbinders of London.Arthur Marsh and John B. Smethurst, ''Historical Directory of Trade Unions'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1948 Deaths
Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect. ** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British Railways. * January 4 – Burma gains its independence from the United Kingdom, becoming an independent republic, named the ''Union of Burma'', with Sao Shwe Thaik as its first President, and U Nu its first Prime Minister. * January 5 ** Warner Brothers shows the first color newsreel (''Tournament of Roses Parade'' and the '' Rose Bowl Game''). ** The first Kinsey Report, ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Male'', is published in the United States. * January 7 – Mantell UFO incident: Kentucky Air National Guard pilot Thomas Mantell crashes while in pursuit of an unidentified flying object. * January 12 – Mahatma Gandhi begins his fast-unto-death in Delhi, to stop communal violence during the Partition of India. * January 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Year Of Birth Missing
A year or annus is the orbital period of a planetary body, for example, the Earth, moving in its orbit around the Sun. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by change in weather, the hours of daylight, and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility. In temperate and subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons are generally recognized: spring, summer, autumn and winter. In tropical and subtropical regions, several geographical sectors do not present defined seasons; but in the seasonal tropics, the annual wet and dry seasons are recognized and tracked. A calendar year is an approximation of the number of days of the Earth's orbital period, as counted in a given calendar. The Gregorian calendar, or modern calendar, presents its calendar year to be either a common year of 365 days or a leap year of 366 days, as do the Julian calendars. For the Gregorian calendar, the average length of the calendar year (the mea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Lindgren
George Samuel Lindgren, Baron Lindgren, JP, DL (11 November 1900 – 8 September 1971) was a British Labour Party politician. Born in Islington, London, at the 1935 general election he was an unsuccessful candidate in the safe Conservative seat of Hitchin in Hertfordshire, coming a distant second with 36.7% of the votes. At the 1945 general election, Lindgren was elected to the House of Commons as Member of Parliament for the marginal seat of Wellingborough in Northamptonshire, ousting the sitting Conservative MP Archibald James on a swing of 7.7% vote. He was immediately appointed to the new Labour government as a junior minister, serving as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of National Insurance from 1945 to 1946, as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Civil Aviation from 1946 to 1950, and as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Town and Country Planning from 1950 to 1951. He appears in a film held by the Cinema Museum in London opening council ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Stokes (trade Unionist)
John Stokes (12 May 1872''1939 England and Wales Register'' – 17 September 1942) was a British trade unionist and political activist. Stokes came to prominence as secretary of the small London Glass Bottle Makers union. He was also a member of the British Socialist Party (BSP), who put him forward as their proposed candidate for Bradford East at the election which was expected to take place in 1914 or 1915. However, this was against the wishes of local BSP activists, and he failed to gain the support of the local Independent Labour Party. Long active on the London Trades Council, Stokes replaced his BSP comrade Fred Knee as its secretary in 1914, serving for three years. Also in 1914, the BSP affiliated to the Labour Party, and Stokes immediately took a leading role in founding the London Labour Party, serving as its first Chairman. Although Stokes strongly opposed conscription during World War I, he did not oppose the war overall. This placed him on the right-wing o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1926 UK General Strike
The 1926 general strike in the United Kingdom was a general strike that lasted nine days, from 4 to 12 May 1926. It was called by the General Council of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in an unsuccessful attempt to force the British government to act to prevent wage reductions and worsening conditions for 1.2 million locked-out coal miners. Some 1.7 million workers went out, especially in transport and heavy industry. The government was well prepared, and enlisted middle class volunteers to maintain essential services. There was little violence and the TUC gave up in defeat. Causes From 1914 to 1918, the United Kingdom participated in World War I. Heavy domestic use of coal during the war depleted once-rich seams. Britain exported less coal during the war than it would have in peacetime, allowing other countries to fill the gap. This particularly benefited the strong coal industries of the United States, Poland, and Germany. In the early 1880s, coal production was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Union Of Printing, Bookbinding And Paper Workers
The National Union of Printing, Bookbinding and Paper Workers (NUPBPW) was a British trade union. History The union was founded in 1921 as the National Union of Printing, Bookbinding, Machine Ruling and Paper Workers when the National Union of Bookbinders and Machine Rulers and the National Union of Printing and Paper Workers merged. The Platen Printing Machine Minders' Society and the London Society of Machine Rulers soon also joined. In 1926, its central London branch broke away, but rejoined in 1931. In 1928, the union dropped "machine ruling" from its name.Arthur Marsh, Victoria Ryan and John B. Smethurst, ''Historical Directory of Trade Unions'' By 1960, the union over 160,000 members. Following mergers with several small unions, in 1966 it joined with the National Society of Operative Printers and Assistants to form the Society of Graphical and Allied Trades. Leadership General Secretaries :1921: Tom Newland Thomas George Newland (2 February 1872 – 14 Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
London Trades Council
The London Trades Council was an early labour organisation, uniting London's trade unionists. Its modern successor organisation is the Greater London Association of Trades (Union) Councils History Leading figures in the London trade union movement convened occasional meetings of the "Metropolitan Trades Delegates" from 1848, meeting at the Old Bell Inn by the Old Bailey. The London builders' strike of 1859 required ongoing co-ordination, and it was determined to organise a trades council. The formation of the London Trades Council was organised at George Potter's Building Trades Conference and led by George Odger's Operative Bricklayers' Society. The unions agreed to demand a maximum working day of nine hours from their employers. The employers refused, resulting in strike action and a lockout. Eventually the unions conceded, but the solidarity built prompted the formation of a citywide body able to co-ordinate future action.{{cite book , last1=Jacobs , first1=Julius , ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
London Consolidated Society Of Journeymen Bookbinders
The London Consolidated Lodge of Journeymen Bookbinders was a trade union representing bookbinders based in London. In 1839, there were three lodges of bookbinders in London, and they undertook a thirty-week strike to limit the number of apprentices being taken on. This was broadly successful, as the masters agreed to recognise the workers' right to unionise, and some limits were placed on future numbers of apprentices.{{cite book , last1=Bundock , first1=Clement , title=The Story of the National Union of Printing, Bookbinding and Paper Workers , date=1959 , publisher=Oxford University Press , location=Oxford, pages=9–132 Thomas Dunning emerged as the leading figure in the London bookbinders, and he used the prestige of the successful strike to convince the national Bookbinders' Consolidated Relief Fund to reorganise as a more centralised organisation, the Bookbinders' Consolidated Union. He also convinced the three London lodges of bookbinders to merge, with the plan of tak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vellum
Vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane, typically used as writing material. Parchment is another term for this material, from which vellum is sometimes distinguished, when it is made from calfskin, as opposed to that made from other animals, or otherwise being of higher quality. Vellum is prepared for writing or printing on, to produce single pages, scrolls, codices, or books. Modern scholars and custodians increasingly use only the less specific, potentially-confusing term "membrane".Stokes and Almagno 2001, 114Clemens and Graham 2007, pp. 9–10. Depending on factors such as the method of preparation it may be very hard to determine the animal species involved (let alone its age) without using a laboratory, and the term avoids the need to distinguish between vellum and parchment. Vellum is generally smooth and durable, although there are great variations depending on preparation and the quality of the skin. The manufacture involves the cleaning, bleaching, stretching ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Society Of Day-working Bookbinders Of London, Westminster, Etc
A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Societies are characterized by patterns of relationships (social relations) between individuals who share a distinctive culture and institutions; a given society may be described as the sum total of such relationships among its constituent of members. In the social sciences, a larger society often exhibits stratification or dominance patterns in subgroups. Societies construct patterns of behavior by deeming certain actions or concepts as acceptable or unacceptable. These patterns of behavior within a given society are known as societal norms. Societies, and their norms, undergo gradual and perpetual changes. Insofar as it is collaborative, a society can enable its members to benefit in ways that would otherwise be difficult on an individual bas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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