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Eastern Low Prussian
, state = Lithuania, Poland, Russia (formerly Germany) , region = East Prussia , ethnicity=Germans, Prussian Lithuanians , familycolor=Indo-European , fam2= Germanic , fam3=West Germanic , fam4=North Sea Germanic , fam5=Low German , fam6=East Low German , fam7=Low Prussian , isoexception=dialect Eastern Low Prussian (german: Mundart des Ostgebietes) is a subdialect of Low Prussian that was spoken around Angerburg (now Węgorzewo, Poland), Insterburg (Chernyakhovsk, Russia), Memelland (Klaipėda County, Lithuania), and Tilsit (Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia) in the eastern territories of East Prussia in the former eastern territories of Germany. Many speakers of this subdialect were Prussian Lithuanians. Geography Eastern Low Prussian had borders with Ostsamländisch, Natangian, and Standard German. Lithuanian language was spoken within its area. Phonology In difference to varieties to the West, it had no vocalization of /r/. Its alveolar /r/ proba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithuania
Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania shares land borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and Russia to the southwest. It has a Maritime boundary, maritime border with Sweden to the west on the Baltic Sea. Lithuania covers an area of , with a population of 2.8 million. Its capital and largest city is Vilnius; other major cities are Kaunas and Klaipėda. Lithuanians belong to the ethno-linguistic group of the Balts and speak Lithuanian language, Lithuanian, one of only a few living Baltic languages. For millennia the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea were inhabited by various Balts, Baltic tribes. In the 1230s, Lithuanian lands were united by Mindaugas, Monarchy of Lithuania, becoming king and founding the Kingdom of Lithuania ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Klaipėda County
Klaipėda County ( lt, Klaipėdos apskritis) is one of ten counties in Lithuania, bordering Tauragė County to the southeast, Telšiai County to the northeast, Kurzeme in Latvia to the north, and Kaliningrad Oblast in Russia to the south. To the west is the Baltic Sea. It lies in the west of the country and is the only county to have a coastline and not landlocked. Its capital is Klaipėda. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Klaipėda County remains as the territorial and statistical unit. Geography The topography of Klaipėda County is divided into three regions, the highest in the east and lowest in the west: the Western Zemaičiai Plateau in the east, the Western Zemaičiai Plain in the center, and the Pajurys Lowland in the west and on the Baltic coast. Klaipėda County borders Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, to the south via the Nemunas, which drains into the Curonian Lagoon. The Curonian Spit, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is split ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gusev, Kaliningrad Oblast
Gusev (russian: Гу́сев; german: Gumbinnen; lt, Gumbinė; pl, Gąbin) is a town and the administrative center of Gusevsky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Pissa and Krasnaya Rivers, near the border with Poland and Lithuania, east of Chernyakhovsk. Population: History The settlement of Gumbinnen (from lt, Gumbinė: pumpkin) in the Duchy of Prussia, a vassal duchy of the Kingdom of Poland, was first mentioned in a 1580 deed. A Protestant parish was established in Gumbinnen at the behest of the Hohenzollern thanks to Duke Albert of Prussia about 1545 and the first church was erected in 1582. It became part of Brandenburg-Prussia in 1618, remaining a fief of Poland. From the 18th century, it was part of the Kingdom of Prussia. Between 1709 and 1711 the area was devastated by the Great Northern War plague outbreak and had to be redeveloped under the rule of the "Soldier King" Frederick William I of Prussia, who granted Gumbinnen town ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salzburg Protestants
The Salzburg Protestants (german: Salzburger Exulanten) were Protestant refugees who had lived in the Catholic Archbishopric of Salzburg until the 18th century. In a series of persecutions ending in 1731, over 20,000 Protestants were expelled from their homeland by the Prince-Archbishops. Their expulsion from Salzburg triggered protests from the Protestant states within the Holy Roman Empire and criticism across the rest of the Protestant world, and the King in Prussia offered to resettle them in his territory. The majority of the Salzburg Protestants accepted the Prussian offer and traveled the length of Germany to reach their new homes in Prussian Lithuania. The rest scattered to other Protestant states in Europe and the British colonies in America. Background The prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg was an ecclesiastical state within the Holy Roman Empire. The official religion was Roman Catholicism, and the state was ruled by a Prince-Archbishop. However, Lutheranism had gaine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High German Consonant Shift
In historical linguistics, the High German consonant shift or second Germanic consonant shift is a phonological development (sound change) that took place in the southern parts of the West Germanic dialect continuum in several phases. It probably began between the third and fifth centuries and was almost complete before the earliest written records in High German were produced in the eighth century. From Proto-Germanic, the resulting language, Old High German, can be neatly contrasted with the other continental West Germanic languages, which for the most part did not experience the shift, and with Old English, which remained completely unaffected. General description The High German consonant shift altered a number of consonants in the southern German dialects – which includes Standard German, Yiddish, and Luxembourgish – and so explains why many German words have different consonants from the related words in English, Dutch and the Scandinavian languages. The term is sometimes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nehrungisch
Nehrungisch is a dialect (''Mundart'') of Low Prussian, belonging to the Low German language variety. It was spoken in East Prussia and West Prussia, in the region around the Vistula Spit (''Frische Nehrung'') near Gdansk. The easternmost locality where this variety was spoken was Narmeln, and it was spoken from Narmeln to Krakau (Krakowiec). The dialect survives in Chortitza- Plautdietsch, a dialect of Low Prussian brought to Ukraine by migrants from the Vistula region. Nehrungisch shares features with Eastern Low Prussian. History Those of the Mennonites from the Vistula lowlands, that originated from the lower part of the Rhine belonged together with those from Gdańsk (Danzig), Elbląg (Elbing), and the Żuławy Gdańskie (Danziger Werder) and entered the larger area in the second half of the 1540s. The Chortitza Colony Plautdietsch language had no major linguistic difference from the original Nehrungisch, which had changed by 1880. By then, the most conspicuous feature ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samlandic
Samlandic was a Low Prussian dialect of Low German. It was divided into Ostsamländisch and Westsamländisch. Both were from East Prussia.Thorwald Poschenrieder: ''Deutsch- und baltischsprachige Preußen des Memellandes.'' 1995, esp. p. 130 http://www.tausendschoen-verlag.de/PDF/Memelland.pdf Geography Westsamländisch was spoken West of Königsberg. Westsamländisch had a border with Ostsamländisch. Ostsamländisch was spoken around Königsberg, Labiau and Wehlau. Ostsamländisch had a border with Natangian, Westsamländisch and Eastern Low Prussian. Samlandic was spoken around Neukuhren and Heydekrug.Walther Ziesemer:'' Die ostpreußischen Mundarten''. Ferdinand Hirt, 1924, p. 127 Phonology Westsamländisch has, in contrast to the remainder of Samlandic, for (I) ''go'', (I) ''stand'' etc. ''jon'', ''schton'' etc. ''O'' before R is spoken with a long vowel. It has ''ick sint'' meaning ''I am'' and ''tije'' for ''ten''. Westsamländisch has long u as long ü. ''A'' i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Werdersch
Werdersch (german: Mundart der Weichselwerder) is a subdialect of Low Prussian, which itself is a subdialect of Low German. This dialect is spoken in Poland and was spoken in the former province of West Prussia. The (''Vistula river islands'') were Żuławy Gdańskie between Wisła Gdańska and Gdańskie Wyżyny and Żuławy Malborskie between Vistula, Szkarpawa, Vistula Lagoon, and Nogat. History Werdersch developed after Dutch-speaking Mennonites from the Netherlands moved in the sixteenth century to the region where Werdersch is spoken. Half of the Dutch there were Mennonites, the other half other Protestants. Though not all were from Holland, they were referred to as Hollanders. German colonists were also referred to as Hollanders. Catherine the Great called Mennonite immigrants from the area to Russia. Werdersch is closely related to Nehrungisch. Plautdietsch was spoken in this area even by non-Mennonites. Many of the Mennonites spoke Low German. Groups of Flemish Menno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithuanian Language
Lithuanian ( ) is an Eastern Baltic language belonging to the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family. It is the official language of Lithuania and one of the official languages of the European Union. There are about 2.8 million native Lithuanian speakers in Lithuania and about 200,000 speakers elsewhere. Lithuanian is closely related to the neighbouring Latvian language. It is written in a Latin script. It is said to be the most conservative of the existing Indo-European languages, retaining features of the Proto-Indo-European language that had disappeared through development from other descendant languages. History Among Indo-European languages, Lithuanian is conservative in some aspects of its grammar and phonology, retaining archaic features otherwise found only in ancient languages such as Sanskrit (particularly its early form, Vedic Sanskrit) or Ancient Greek. For this reason, it is an important source for the reconstruction of the Proto-Indo-Euro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standard German
Standard High German (SHG), less precisely Standard German or High German (not to be confused with High German dialects, more precisely Upper German dialects) (german: Standardhochdeutsch, , or, in Switzerland, ), is the standardized variety of the German language used in formal contexts and for communication between different dialect areas. It is a pluricentric Dachsprache with three codified (or standardised) specific regional variants: German Standard German, Austrian Standard German and Swiss Standard German. Regarding the spelling and punctuation, a recommended standard is published by the Council for German Orthography which represents the governments of all majority and minority German-speaking countries and dependencies. Adherence is obligatory for government institutions, including schools. Regarding the pronunciation, although there is no official standards body, there is a long-standing ''de facto'' standard pronunciation (Bühnendeutsch), most commonly used in fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natangian
Natangian was Low Prussian dialect of Low German. It is from East Prussia. The name is from the Natangians, a tribe of the Old Prussians. Geography It was spoken around Kornevo, Bartoszyce, Pravdinsk, Srokowo and Kętrzyn. Natangian has or used to have a border with Standard German, Mundart des Kürzungsgebiets, Westkäslausch, Ostsamländisch, Mundart des Ostgebietes, Ostkäslausch and Breslausch. There was a border of Prince-Bishopric of Warmia to the state of the Teutonic Order The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem, commonly known as the Teutonic Order, is a Catholic religious institution founded as a military society in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem. It was formed to aid Christians on ..., which also was the border of Natangian to Ostkäslausch. Phonology In difference to Samländisch, vowel breaking of every long e to ei and every o to ou and the word ''dirch'' are characteristic. It has significant features shared with Mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostsamländisch
Samlandic was a Low Prussian dialect of Low German. It was divided into Ostsamländisch and Westsamländisch. Both were from East Prussia.Thorwald Poschenrieder: ''Deutsch- und baltischsprachige Preußen des Memellandes.'' 1995, esp. p. 130 http://www.tausendschoen-verlag.de/PDF/Memelland.pdf Geography Westsamländisch was spoken West of Königsberg. Westsamländisch had a border with Ostsamländisch. Ostsamländisch was spoken around Königsberg, Labiau and Wehlau. Ostsamländisch had a border with Natangian, Westsamländisch and Eastern Low Prussian. Samlandic was spoken around Neukuhren and Heydekrug.Walther Ziesemer:'' Die ostpreußischen Mundarten''. Ferdinand Hirt, 1924, p. 127 Phonology Westsamländisch has, in contrast to the remainder of Samlandic, for (I) ''go'', (I) ''stand'' etc. ''jon'', ''schton'' etc. ''O'' before R is spoken with a long vowel. It has ''ick sint'' meaning ''I am'' and ''tije'' for ''ten''. Westsamländisch has long u as long ü. ''A'' is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
