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Early Pagan Kingdom
The Early Pagan Kingdom ( my, ခေတ်ဦး ပုဂံ ပြည်) was a city-state that existed in the first millennium CE before the emergence of the Pagan Empire in the mid 11th century. The Burmese chronicles state that the "kingdom" was founded in the second century CE. The seat of power of the small kingdom was first located at Arimaddana, Thiri Pyissaya, and Tampawaddy until 849 CE when it was moved to Pagan (Bagan). Radiocarbon dating shows the earliest human settlement in the Pagan region dates only from the mid-7th century CE. It existed alongside Pyu city-states that dominated Upper Burma. The city-state of Pagan, according to mainstream scholarship, was founded in the mid 9th century by the Mranma of Nanzhao Kingdom. Burmans at Pagan expanded irrigation-based cultivation while borrowing extensively from the Pyus' predominantly Buddhist culture. It was one of many competing city-states in the Pyu realm until the late 10th century when the principality ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arimaddana
Arimardanna Pura ( my, အရိမဒ္ဒနာပူရ, ; ''Arimardanapur,'' ) is the most famous classical name of the city of Bagan (Pagan), Myanmar. It means the "City that Tramples on Enemies."Lieberman 2003: 91 The Burmese chronicles do not agree on the foundation facts. The 16th century chronicle ''Yazawin Kyaw'' states that it was founded in 156 CE by King Pyusawhti.Yazawin Kyaw 2010: 139 The oldest chronicle ''Zatadawbon Yazawin'' says it was founded in 190 CE (Sunday, 15th waxing of Tagu 112 of Early Pyu calendar) by King Pyusawhti.Zata 1960: 53 However, later standard chronicles of Toungoo and Konbaung dynasties, ''Maha Yazawin'' and ''Hmannan Yazawin'' respectively, state that the city was founded in 107 CE by King Thamoddarit, a scion of Sri Ksetra Kingdom.(Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 132–133) and (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 187–188) The chronicles continue that King Thinli Kyaung I (r. 344–387) moved the palace to nearby Thiri Pyissaya.Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyu City-states
, conventional_long_name = Pyu city-states , common_name = Pyu City States , era = Classical antiquity , status = City , event_start = Earliest Pyu presence in Upper Burma , year_start = c. 2nd century BCE , date_start = , event_end = Rise of Pagan Empire , year_end = c. 1050 , date_end = , event1 = Beikthano founded , date_event1 = c. 180 BCE , event2 = Pyu converted to Buddhism , date_event2 = 4th century , event3 = Burmese calendar begins , date_event3 = 22 March 638Aung-Thwin (2005), p. 24 , event4 = 2nd Sri Ksetra Dynasty founded , date_event4 = 25 March 739 , p1 = Prehistory of Burma , flag_p1 = , p2 = , flag_p2 = , p3 = , flag_p3 = , p4 = , flag_p4 = , s1 = Pagan Dynasty , flag_s1 = , flag_s2 = , flag_s3 = , flag_s4 = , image_flag = , flag = , flag_type = , image_coat = , image_map = Pyu Realm.png , symbol = , symbol_type = , image_map_capt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gautama Buddha
Siddhartha Gautama, most commonly referred to as the Buddha, was a wandering ascetic and religious teacher who lived in South Asia during the 6th or 5th century BCE and founded Buddhism. According to Buddhist tradition, he was born in Lumbini, in what is now Nepal, to royal parents of the Shakya clan, but renounced his home life to live as a wandering ascetic ( sa, śramaṇa). After leading a life of begging, asceticism, and meditation, he attained enlightenment at Bodh Gaya in what is now India. The Buddha thereafter wandered through the lower Indo-Gangetic Plain, teaching and building a monastic order. He taught a Middle Way between sensual indulgence and severe asceticism, leading to Nirvana, that is, freedom from ignorance, craving, rebirth, and suffering. His teachings are summarized in the Noble Eightfold Path, a training of the mind that includes meditation and instruction in Buddhist ethics such as right effort, mindfulness, and '' jhana''. He di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of The Twenty-eight Buddhas
In Buddhism, Buddha (; Pali, Sanskrit: 𑀩𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥, बुद्ध), "awakened one", is a title for those who are awake, and have attained nirvana and Buddhahood through their own efforts and insight, without a teacher to point out the dharma (Sanskrit 𑀥𑀭𑁆𑀫; Pali ''dhamma''; "right way of living"). The title is most commonly used for Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, who is often simply known as "the Buddha". Buddhahood ( sa, 𑀩𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀢𑁆𑀯, buddhatva; pi, buddhatta or ; ) is the condition and rank of a buddha "awakened one". This highest spiritual state of being is also termed ''sammā-sambodhi'' (skt. samyaksaṃbodhi 'full complete awakening'). The title is also used for other beings who have achieved ''bodhi'' (awakening) and ''moksha'' (release from craving), such as the other human Buddhas who achieved enlightenment before Gautama, the five celestial Buddhas worshiped primarily in Mahayana, and the bodhisattva named M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burmese Buddhism
Buddhism ( my, ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ), specifically Theravāda Buddhism ( my, ထေရဝါဒဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ), is the State religion of Myanmar since 1961, and practiced by nearly 90% of the population. It is the most religious Buddhist country in terms of the proportion of monks in the population and proportion of income spent on religion. Adherents are most likely found among the dominant Bamar people, Shan, Rakhine, Mon, Karen, and Chinese who are well integrated into Burmese society. Monks, collectively known as the sangha (community), are venerated members of Burmese society. Among many ethnic groups in Myanmar, including the Bamar and Shan, Theravada Buddhism is practiced in conjunction with the worship of nats, which are spirits who can intercede in worldly affairs. Regarding the practice of Buddhism, two popular practices stand out: merit-making and vipassanā meditation. There is also the less popular weizza path. Merit-making is the most c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nyaung U
Nyaung-U ( my, ညောင်ဦးမြို့) is the administrative town of Nyaung-U Township of Nyaung-U District in the Mandalay Region of central Myanmar. It lies on the eastern bank of Ayeyarwaddy River. It is just 4 kilometers away from old Bagan, a popular tourist attraction. The Shwezigon Pagoda is located there. The other popular places in and around Nyaung-U were * Htilominlo Pagoda * Gubyaukgyi Pagoda * Ahlodawpyae Pagoda and * Hgnet Pyit Taung Hill It is the home of Nyaung U Airport Nyaung U Airport ( my, ပုဂံညောင်ဦးလေဆိပ်) is an airport located in Nyaung-U (or Nyaung Oo), a town in the Mandalay Region, Myanmar. It is the primary air gateway to the ancient sites of Bagan and surrounding .... It can be reached by air, by railway, by bus and by boat. The 8.10 inches (203 mm) rainfall of 19 Oct 2011 was the record breaking one for past 47 years. The previous record was 5.67 inches (144 mm) of 9 Oct 1989. It h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shakya
Shakya (Pali, Pāḷi: ; sa, शाक्य, translit=Śākya) was an ancient eastern Sub-Himalayan Range, sub-Himalayan ethnicity and clan of north-eastern region of the Indian subcontinent, whose existence is attested during the Iron Age in India, Iron Age. The Shakyas were organised into a Gaṇasaṅgha, (an Aristocracy, aristocratic Oligarchy, oligarchic republic), also known as the Shakya Republic. The Shakyas were on the periphery, both geographically and culturally, of the eastern Gangetic plain in the Greater Magadha cultural region. Location The Shakyas lived along the foothills of the Himalayas, Himālaya mountains, with their neighbours to the west and south being the kingdom of Kosala, their neighbours to the east across the Rohni River, Rohiṇī river being the related Koliya tribe, while on the north-east they bordered on the Malla (tribe), Mallakas of Kusinārā. To the north, the territory of the Shakyas stretched into the Himālayas until the forested regi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hmannan Yazawin
''Hmannan Maha Yazawindawgyi'' ( my, မှန်နန်း မဟာ ရာဇဝင်တော်ကြီး, ; commonly, ''Hmannan Yazawin''; known in English as the '' Glass Palace Chronicle'') is the first official chronicle of Konbaung Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar). It was compiled by the Royal Historical Commission between 1829 and 1832.Hla Pe 1985: 39–40 The compilation was based on several existing chronicles and local histories, and the inscriptions collected on the orders of King Bodawpaya, as well as several types of poetry describing epics of kings. Although the compilers disputed some of the earlier accounts, they by and large retained the accounts given ''Maha Yazawin'', the standard chronicle of Toungoo Dynasty. The chronicle, which covers events right up to 1821, right before the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826), was not written purely from a secular history perspective but rather to provide "legitimation according to religious criteria" of the monarchy. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buddha
Siddhartha Gautama, most commonly referred to as the Buddha, was a śramaṇa, wandering ascetic and religious teacher who lived in South Asia during the 6th or 5th century BCE and founded Buddhism. According to Buddhist tradition, he was born in Lumbini, in what is now Nepal, to royal parents of the Shakya clan, but Great Renunciation, renounced his Householder (Buddhism), home life to live as a wandering ascetic ( sa, śramaṇa). After leading a life of begging, asceticism, and meditation, he attained Enlightenment in Buddhism, enlightenment at Bodh Gaya in what is now India. The Buddha thereafter wandered through the lower Indo-Gangetic Plain, teaching and building a Sangha, monastic order. He taught a Middle Way between sensual indulgence and severe asceticism, leading to Nirvana (Buddhism), Nirvana, that is, Vimutti, freedom from Avidyā (Buddhism), ignorance, Upādāna, craving, Saṃsāra (Buddhism), rebirth, and suffering. His teachings are summarized in the Noble ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sri Ksetra Kingdom
, conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Sri Ksetra , common_name = Kingdom of Sri Ksetra , era = Classical Antiquity , status = City-state , event_start = Founding of Kingdom , year_start = c. 3rd to 9th century CE , date_start = , event_end = Fall of Kingdom , year_end = 1050s , date_end = , event1 = Launch of Burmese calendar , date_event1 = 21 March 640 , event2 = Duttabaung ascends to throne , date_event2 = 25 March 739 , event3 = , date_event3 = , event4 = , date_event4 = , p1 = , flag_p1 = , p2 = , flag_p2 = , s1 = Pagan Kingdom , flag_s1 = , s2 = , flag_s2 = , image_flag = , flag = , flag_type = , image_coat = , image_map = Pyu Realm.png , symbol = , symbol_type = , image_map_caption = , capital = Sri Ksetra , common_languages = Pyu , religion = Buddhism, Animism, Vaishnavism , government_type = Monarchy , leader1 = , year_leader1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maha Yazawin
The ''Maha Yazawin'', fully the ''Maha Yazawindawgyi'' ( my, မဟာ ရာဇဝင်တော်ကြီး, ) and formerly romanized as the ,. is the first national chronicle of Burma/Myanmar. Completed in 1724 by U Kala, a historian at the Toungoo court, it was the first chronicle to synthesize all the ancient, regional, foreign and biographic histories related to Burmese history. Prior to the chronicle, the only known Burmese histories were biographies and comparatively brief local chronicles. The chronicle has formed the basis for all subsequent histories of the country, including the earliest English language histories of Burma written in the late 19th century.Myint-U 2001: 80Lieberman 1986: 236 The chronicle starts with the beginning of the current world cycle according to Buddhist tradition and the Buddhist version of ancient Indian history, and proceeds "with ever increasing detail to narrate the political story of the Irrawaddy basin from quasi-legendary dynasti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yazawin Kyaw
''Maha Thanmada Wuntha'' ( my, မဟာသမ္မတဝံသ, ; pi, Mahā Sammata Vaṃsa) or more commonly known as ''Yazawin Kyaw'' ( my, ရာဇဝင် ကျော်, ; the Celebrated Chronicle) is an early 16th-century chronicle of Buddhist religious history and Burmese history. The chronicle was written in two parts by Shin Maha Silavamsa, the famous learned monk, author and poet. The first part, written in 1502, is mainly a religious history document, and essentially a Burmese version of the '' Mahavamsa'' and '' Dipavamsa''. The first part focuses on the kings of ancient India and Ceylon, according to Buddhist mythology The Buddhist traditions have created and maintained a vast body of mythological literature. The central myth of Buddhism is the life of the Buddha. This is told in relatively realistic terms in the earliest texts, and was soon elaborated into ... and history.Aung-Thwin 2005: 124Yazawin Kyaw 2010: 183 In 1520, the author added a supplement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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