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European Credit Transfer System
The European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) is a standard means for comparing academic credits, i.e., the "volume of learning based on the defined learning outcomes and their associated workload" for higher education across the European Union and other collaborating European countries. For successfully completed studies, ECTS credits are awarded. One academic year corresponds to 60 ECTS credits that are normally equivalent to 1500–1800 hours of total workload, irrespective of standard or qualification type. ECTS credits are used to facilitate transfer and progression throughout the Union. ECTS also includes a standard grading scale, intended to be shown in addition to local (i.e. national) standard grades. Current systems See also * Educational policies and initiatives of the European Union * Bologna Process * European Higher Education Area * ECTS grading scale * Carnegie Unit and Student Hour * Erasmus Programme * Academic mobility Academic mobility ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academic Credit
A credit is the recognition for having taken a course at school or university, used as measure if enough hours have been made for graduation. University credits United States Credit hours In a college or university in the United States, students generally receive credit hours based on the number of "contact hours" per week in class, for one term, better known as semester credit hours (SCH). A contact hour includes any lecture or lab time when the professor is teaching the student or coaching the student while they apply the course information to an activity. Regardless of the duration of the course (i.e. a short semester like summer or intersession) and depending on the state or jurisdiction, a semester credit hour is 15-16 contact hours per semester. Most college and university courses are three semester credit hours (SCH) or 45-48 contact hours, so they usually meet for three hours per week over a 15-week semester. Homework is time the student spends applying the class materi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Légifrance
Légifrance is the official website of the French government for the publication of legislation, regulations, and legal information. Access to the site is free. Virtually complete, it presents or refers to all concerned institutions or administrations, all texts still in force since 1539 and all the upper courts jurisprudence since 1986 as well as the most pertinent one of all courts since 1875. C.E. 19 February 1875, Prince Napoléon, 46707. See also *References ''All texts in French unless otherwise noted.''[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Higher Education In Portugal
Higher education in Portugal is divided into two main subsystems: university and polytechnic education. It is provided in autonomous public and private universities, university institutes, polytechnic institutes and higher education institutions of other types. The higher education institutions of Portugal grant the licentiate, master's and doctoral academic degrees, with the last one being reserved to be granted only by the university institutions. Higher education in state-run educational establishments is provided on a competitive basis, a system of ''numerus clausus'' is enforced through a national database on student admissions. In addition, every higher education institution offers also a number of additional vacant places through other extraordinary admission processes for sportsmen, mature applicants (over 23 years old), international students, foreign students from the Lusosphere, degree owners from other institutions, students from other institutions (academic trans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Education In Poland
Education in Poland is compulsory; every child must receive education from when they are 7 years old until they are 18 years old. It is also mandatory for 6-year-old children to receive one year of kindergarten ( pl, przedszkole, literally ''pre-school'') education, before starting primary school ( pl, szkoła podstawowa) at 7 years old. Primary school lasts eight years (grades 1–8), and students must take a final exam at the end of the eighth grade. After graduating from primary school, people typically go on to attend secondary school ( pl, szkoła średnia), which lasts 4 or 5 years. They can also choose to educate themselves towards a specific profession or trade, and receive work experience and qualifications through apprenticeships. After graduating from secondary school and passing the final exam, called the ''matura'', one can pursue a higher education at a university, college, etc. The Polish Ministry of Education established by King Stanisław August Poniatowski in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Education In The Netherlands
Education in the Netherlands is characterized by division: education is oriented toward the needs and background of the pupil. Education is divided over schools for different age groups, some of which are divided in streams for different educational levels. Schools are furthermore divided in public, special (religious), and general-special (neutral) schools, although there are also a few private schools. The Dutch grading scale runs from 1 (very poor) to 10 (outstanding). The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), coordinated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), ranks the education in the Netherlands as the 9th best in the world as of 2008, being significantly higher than the OECD average. General overview Educational policy is coordinated by the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science with municipal governments. Compulsory education (''leerplicht'') in the Netherlands starts at the age of five, although in practice, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Education In Malta
Education in Malta is compulsory through age sixteen and is offered through three different providers: the state, the church, and the private sector. The state is responsible for promoting education and instruction and ensuring universal access to education for all Maltese citizens the existence of a system of schools and institutions accessible to all Maltese citizens. The objectives of education in Malta include intellectual and moral development and the preparation of every citizen to contribute productively to the national economy. Although Maltese citizens had access to education during the Arab administration of 870 to 1090, the arrival of a number of religious orders in the following four centuries brought religious-based education to the island for wealthy families. The arrival of the Knights Hospitaller saw the establishment of the University of Malta, around which a number of primary, secondary and post-secondary institutions were established. Education in Malta has been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Luxembourg
The University of Luxembourg ( French: ''Université du Luxembourg''; German: ''Universität Luxemburg''; Luxembourgish: ''Universitéit Lëtzebuerg'') is a public research university in Luxembourg. History The University of Luxembourg was founded in 2003 by combining four existing education and research institutes: the Centre universitaire, Institut supérieur d'études et de recherches pédagogiques, Institut supérieur de technologie, and Institut d'études éducatives et sociales. The university is the only public university in Luxembourg. Description The university has three campuses: the Belval Campus, the Kirchberg Campus, and the Limpertsberg Campus. The university is governed by a board of governors, a rector, and a university council. The current rector of the University of Luxembourg is Stéphane Pallage. Academics The university offers fourteen bachelor's degrees, forty-two master's degrees, and doctorates. Bachelor's degrees require a semester abroad. The u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Education In Lithuania
The first documented school in Lithuania was established in 1387 at Vilnius Cathedral. The school network was influenced by the Christianization of Lithuania. Several types of schools were present in medieval Lithuania – cathedral schools, where pupils were prepared for priesthood; parish schools, offering elementary education; and home schools dedicated to educating the children of the Lithuanian nobility. Before Vilnius University was established in 1579, Lithuanians seeking higher education attended universities in foreign cities, including Kraków, Prague, and Leipzig, among others. During the Interbellum a national university – Vytautas Magnus University was founded in Kaunas. Education is free of charge and compulsory from the age of 6 or 7 to 16 years (covering "primary" and "basic" education), as stated in the national Law on Education. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Education In Latvia
Education in Latvia is free and compulsory. Compulsory education includes two years of preschool education (usually starting at 5 years old) and a further nine years of primary education (usually until 15/16 years of age). In 1996, the gross primary enrollment rate was 95.8 percent, while the net primary enrollment rate was 89.5 percent."Latvia" . ''Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor (2001)''. , (2002). ''This article incorporates text from this source, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Education In Italy
Education in Italy is compulsory from 6 to 16 years of age, and is divided into five stages: kindergarten (''scuola dell'infanzia''), primary school (''scuola primaria'' or ''scuola elementare''), lower secondary school (''scuola secondaria di primo grado'' or ''scuola media inferiore''), upper secondary school (''scuola secondaria di secondo grado'' or ''scuola media superiore'') and university (''università''). Education is free in Italy and free education is available to children of all nationalities who are residents in Italy. Italy has both a private and public education system. In 2018, the Italian secondary education was evaluated as below the OECD average. Italy scored below the OECD average in reading and science, and near OECD average in mathematics. Mean performance in Italy declined in reading and science, and remained stable in mathematics. Trento and Bolzano scored at an above the national average in reading. Compared to school children in other OECD countries, chi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Education In The Republic Of Ireland
The levels of Ireland's education are primary education, primary, Secondary education, secondary and higher education, higher (often known as "third-level" or tertiary education, tertiary) education. In recent years further education has grown immensely with 51% of working age adults having completed higher education by 2020. Growth in the Economy of the Republic of Ireland, economy since the 1960s has driven much of the change in the education system. For universities there are student service fees (up to €3,000 in 2015), which students are required to pay on registration, to cover examinations, insurance and registration costs. Student Finance.ie, information for Undergraduate students University College Dublin, Administrative Services - Fees & Grants The Department of Education (Ireland), Department of Education, under the control of the Minister for Education (Ireland), Minister for Education, is in overall control of policy, funding and direction, while other important o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
