Erynnis Horatius
''Erynnis horatius'', the Horace's duskywing, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found from Massachusetts, west to eastern South Dakota, south through most of the eastern United States to Florida, the Gulf Coast, and southern Texas, south in the west through south-eastern Utah, Colorado, north-eastern Arizona, and New Mexico. It is listed as a species of special concern in the US state of Connecticut. Fringes are brown. Upperside of male forewing is dark brown with little contrast and no white overscaling. Upperside of female forewing is light brown with a contrasting pattern and large transparent spots. Underside of hindwing is usually without two spots below the apex. The male has a costal fold containing yellow scent scales; the female has a patch of scent scales on the 7th abdominal segment. The wingspan is 36–49 mm. There are two generations in the north, with adults on the wing from April to September; there are three generations in the deep south and ...
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Samuel Hubbard Scudder
Samuel Hubbard Scudder (April 13, 1837 – May 17, 1911) was an American entomologist and paleontologist. He was a leading figure in entomology during his lifetime and the founder of insect paleontology in America. In addition to fossil insects, he was an authority on butterflies (Lepidoptera) and grasshoppers (Orthoptera). Biography Scudder was born on April 13, 1837, in Boston, Massachusetts, the son of Charles Scudder and Sarah Lathrop (Coit) Scudder. His father was a successful merchant, and both parents had Puritan roots dating back to the founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the 1620s. He was raised in a strict Calvinist Congregational household.Leach (2013) One of his younger brothers, Horace Scudder, became a noted author and editor of the ''Atlantic Monthly'',Cockerell (1911) while his niece Vida Dutton Scudder was a writer and social activist. Scudder attended Boston Latin School, and then enrolled in Williams College in 1853 at the age of 16. He studied with na ...
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Wingspan
The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip. For example, the Boeing 777–200 has a wingspan of , and a wandering albatross (''Diomedea exulans'') caught in 1965 had a wingspan of , the official record for a living bird. The term wingspan, more technically extent, is also used for other winged animals such as pterosaurs, bats, insects, etc., and other aircraft such as ornithopters. In humans, the term wingspan also refers to the arm span, which is distance between the length from one end of an individual's arms (measured at the fingertips) to the other when raised parallel to the ground at shoulder height at a 90º angle. Former professional basketball player Manute Bol stood at and owned one of the largest wingspans at . Wingspan of aircraft The wingspan of an aircraft is always measured in a straight line, from wingtip to wingtip, independently of wing shape or sweep. Implications for aircraft design and anima ...
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Butterflies Described In 1870
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises the large superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains at least one former group, the skippers (formerly the superfamily "Hesperioidea"), and the most recent analyses suggest it also contains the moth-butterflies (formerly the superfamily "Hedyloidea"). Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, as like most insects they undergo complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, and after its wings have expanded and dried, it flie ...
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Erynnis
''Erynnis'' is a genus in the skippers butterfly family Hesperiidae, known as the duskywings. ''Erynnis'' is found in the Neotropical realm and across the Palearctic, but the highest species diversity is in the Nearctic. The genus was erected by Franz von Paula Schrank in 1801. Species and notable subspecies Listed alphabetically: *''Erynnis afranius'' ( Lintner, 1878) – Afranius duskywing *''Erynnis baptisiae'' (Forbes, 1936) – wild indigo duskywing *'' Erynnis brizo'' ( Boisduval & LeConte, 837 – sleepy duskywing **''Erynnis brizo burgessi'' (Skinner, 1914) – Rocky Mountain sleepy duskywing *''Erynnis funeralis'' (Scudder & Burgess, 1870) – funereal duskywing *'' Erynnis horatius'' (Scudder & Burgess, 1870) – Horace's duskywing *'' Erynnis icelus'' (Scudder & Burgess, 1870) – dreamy duskywing *'' Erynnis juvenalis'' ( Fabricius, 1793) – Juvenal's duskywing *''Erynnis lucilius'' (Scudder & Burgess, 1870) – columbine duskywing *''Erynnis martialis'' (Scudder, 18 ...
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Winter Cress
''Barbarea'' (winter cress or yellow rocket) is a genus of about 22 species of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with the highest species diversity in southern Europe and southwest Asia. They are small herbaceous biennial or perennial plants with dark green, deeply lobed leaves and yellow flowers with four petals. Selected species *''Barbarea australis'' *'' Barbarea balcana'' *'' Barbarea bosniaca'' *'' Barbarea bracteosa'' *'' Barbarea conferta'' *'' Barbarea hongii'' *'' Barbarea intermedia'' *'' Barbarea lepuznica'' *'' Barbarea longirostris'' *'' Barbarea orthoceras'' *'' Barbarea rupicola'' *'' Barbarea sicula'' *''Barbarea stricta'' *'' Barbarea taiwaniana'' *''Barbarea verna'' *''Barbarea vulgaris'' Uses They grow quickly into dandelion-like rosettes of edible, cress-like foliage. ''Barbarea verna'', also known as upland cress, early winter cress, American cress, Belle Isle cress and scurvy grass, is ...
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Boneset
Boneset may refer to: Plants *Various species of ''Ageratina'' *Various species of ''Eupatorium'' **Particularly ''Eupatorium perfoliatum'' *''Symphytum officinale'', a garden herb also called comfrey Album *''Boneset'', an album by Diane Cluck Diane Cluck is an American singer-songwriter. She describes her music as "intuitive folk". She currently resides in Virginia. Early life Cluck was raised in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. She began taking piano lessons at the age of 7, and was classi ...

Peppermint
Peppermint (''Mentha'' × ''piperita'') is a hybrid species of mint, a cross between watermint and spearmint. Indigenous to Europe and the Middle East, the plant is now widely spread and cultivated in many regions of the world.Euro+Med Plantbase Project''Mentha'' × ''piperita''/ref> It is occasionally found in the wild with its parent species.Flora of NW Europe''Mentha'' × ''piperita'' Although the genus ''Mentha'' comprises more than 25 species, the one in most common use is peppermint. While Western peppermint is derived from ''Mentha × piperita'', Chinese peppermint, or ''bohe'', is derived from the fresh leaves of ''M. haplocalyx''. ''M. × piperita'' and ''M. haplocalyx'' are both recognized as plant sources of menthol and menthone, and are among the oldest herbs used for both culinary and medicinal products. Botany Peppermint was first described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus from specimens that had been collected in England; he treated it as a species,Linnaeus, C. (17 ...
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Goldenrod
Goldenrod is a common name for many species of flowering plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae, commonly in reference to the genus ''Solidago''. Several genera, such as ''Euthamia'', were formerly included in a broader concept of the genus ''Solidago''. Some authors treat ''Oligoneuron'', the flat-topped goldenrods, as a separate genus than ''Solidago'', while others consider it a section: ''Solidago'' sect. ''Ptarmicoidei''. Goldenrods can be used as a sustainable method to enrich soil with nitrogen. With an increase of nitrogen levels, there can then be an increase of vegetative growth. Plants known as goldenrods include: *''Bigelowia'' spp., rayless goldenrods, 2 species native to the Southeastern United States *''Cuniculotinus gramineus'', Panamint rock goldenrod *''Euthamia'' spp., flat-topped goldenrods or grass-leaved goldenrods, 5 species native to North America *''Gundlachia triantha'', Trans-Pecos desert goldenrod *'' Lorandersonia microcephala'', small-headed ...
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Sneezeweed
Sneezeweed is a common name for several plants in the family Asteraceae and may refer to: *'' Achillea ptarmica'', with white flowers *'' Hymenoxys hoopesii'', with long yellow petals, native to western North America *Various species of ''Helenium ''Helenium'' is a genus of annuals and herbaceous perennial plants in the family Asteraceae, native to the Americas. They bear yellow or orange daisy-like composite flowers. A number of these species (particularly ''Helenium autumnale'') have ...'', with short yellow petals, native to North and Central America *In Australia, '' Centipeda cunninghamii'' or "old man weed" is also referred to as common sneezeweed {{Plant common name ...
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Buttonbush
Buttonbush is a common name for several plants and may refer to: *''Cephalanthus'', a genus of shrubs or small trees in the madder family, Rubiaceae, especially: **''Cephalanthus occidentalis'', the common ''Cephalanthus'' species in eastern North America *''Conocarpus ''Conocarpus'' is a genus of two species of flowering plants in the family Combretaceae, native to tropical regions of the world. One of the species is a widespread mangrove species, and the other is restricted to a small area around the southern ...

Dogbane
Dogbane, dog-bane, dog's bane, and other variations, some of them regional and some transient, are names for certain plants that are reputed to kill or repel dogs; "bane" originally meant "slayer", and was later applied to plants to indicate that they were poisonous to particular creatures. History of the term The earliest reference to such names in common English usage was in the 16th century, in which they were applied to various plants in the Apocynaceae, in particular ''Apocynum''. Some plants in the Asclepiadoideae, now a subfamily of the Apocynaceae, but until recently regarded as the separate family Asclepiadaceae, were also called dogbane even before the two families were united. It is not clear how much earlier the name had been in use in the English language, which originated about 1000 years earlier in mediaeval times. However, centuries before the appearance of the English language, Pedanius Dioscorides, in his ''De Materia Medica'', had already described members of ...
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Quercus Phellos
''Quercus phellos'', the willow oak, is a North American species of a deciduous tree in the red oak group of oaks. It is native to the south-central and eastern United States. Description It is a medium-sized tree growing to tall (exceptionally to ), with a trunk up to in diameter (exceptionally ). It is distinguished from most other oaks by its leaves, which are shaped like willow leaves, long and broad with an entire (untoothed and unlobed) margin; they are bright green above, paler beneath, usually hairless but sometimes downy beneath. The fruit is an acorn, long, and almost as wide as long, with a shallow cup; it is one of the most prolific producers of acorns. The tree starts acorn production around 15 years of age, earlier than many oak species. Willow oaks can grow moderately fast (height growth up to a year), and tend to be conic to oblong when young, rounding out and gaining girth at maturity (i.e. more than 50 years). Distribution and habitat The species is ...
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