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Erwin Ferlemann
Erwin Ferlemann (16 March 1930 – 24 September 2000) was a German trade unionist. Born in Wuppertal, Ferlemann's father was interned by the Nazi government for several years in the 1930s. Ferlemann attended school during World War II, then completed two apprenticeships: one as an export clerk, and one as a lithographer. He joined the Printing and Paper Union (IG Druck), and became more active in it after moving to Cologne. He also joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany. In 1969, Ferlemann wrote the book ''Druckindustrie und Elektronik''. That year, he began working full time for IG Druck, as head of its economics and technology department. He was elected as vice president of the union in 1976, then as president in 1983. He was also elected president of the International Graphical Federation. As leader of IG Druck, Ferlemann courted controversy for describing East German writers who had defected to West German as a "fifth column". In 1989, he took IG Druck into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German People
, native_name_lang = de , region1 = , pop1 = 72,650,269 , region2 = , pop2 = 534,000 , region3 = , pop3 = 157,000 3,322,405 , region4 = , pop4 = 21,000 3,000,000 , region5 = , pop5 = 125,000 982,226 , region6 = , pop6 = 900,000 , region7 = , pop7 = 142,000 840,000 , region8 = , pop8 = 9,000 500,000 , region9 = , pop9 = 357,000 , region10 = , pop10 = 310,000 , region11 = , pop11 = 36,000 250,000 , region12 = , pop12 = 25,000 200,000 , region13 = , pop13 = 233,000 , region14 = , pop14 = 211,000 , region15 = , pop15 = 203,000 , region16 = , pop16 = 201,000 , region17 = , pop17 = 101,000 148,00 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wuppertal
Wuppertal (; "''Wupper Dale''") is, with a population of approximately 355,000, the seventh-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia as well as the 17th-largest city of Germany. It was founded in 1929 by the merger of the cities and towns of Elberfeld, Barmen, Ronsdorf, Cronenberg and Vohwinkel, and was initially "Barmen-Elberfeld" before adopting its present name in 1930. It is regarded as the capital and largest city of the Bergisches Land (historically this was Düsseldorf). The city straddles the densely populated banks of the River Wupper, a tributary of the Rhine called ''Wipper'' in its upper course. Wuppertal is located between the Ruhr (Essen) to the north, Düsseldorf to the west, and Cologne to the southwest, and over time has grown together with Solingen, Remscheid and Hagen. The stretching of the city in a long band along the narrow Wupper Valley leads to a spatial impression of Wuppertal being larger than it actually is. The city is known for its steep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithographer
Lithography () is a planographic method of printing originally based on the immiscibility of oil and water. The printing is from a stone (lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface. It was invented in 1796 by the German author and actor Alois Senefelder and was initially used mostly for musical scores and maps.Meggs, Philip B. A History of Graphic Design. (1998) John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p 146 Carter, Rob, Ben Day, Philip Meggs. Typographic Design: Form and Communication, Third Edition. (2002) John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p 11 Lithography can be used to print text or images onto paper or other suitable material. A lithograph is something printed by lithography, but this term is only used for fine art prints and some other, mostly older, types of printed matter, not for those made by modern commercial lithography. Originally, the image to be printed was drawn with a greasy substance, such as oil, fat, or wax onto the surface of a smooth and flat limestone plat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Printing And Paper Union (Germany)
The Printing and Paper Union (german: Industriegewerkschaft Druck und Papier, IG DruPa) was a trade union representing printing industry workers in West Germany. The union was founded on 29 November 1948, to represent workers in book printing, type founding, planographic printing, gravure printing, image production, bookbinding and paper processing. A few journalists also joined, and in 1951, they were given their own section, the "German Journalists Union". In 1949, the union became a founder member of the International Graphical Federation. By 1988, the union had 150,288 members. The following year, it merged with the Arts Union, to form the Media Union. Presidents :1949: Christian Fette :1951: Heinrich Hansen :1962: Heinrich Bruns :1968: Werner Schmidt (acting) :1968: Leonhard Mahlein :1983: Erwin Ferlemann Erwin Ferlemann (16 March 1930 – 24 September 2000) was a German trade unionist. Born in Wuppertal, Ferlemann's father was interned by the Nazi government for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cologne
Cologne ( ; german: Köln ; ksh, Kölle ) is the largest city of the German western States of Germany, state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and the List of cities in Germany by population, fourth-most populous city of Germany with 1.1 million inhabitants in the city proper and 3.6 million people in the Cologne Bonn Region, urban region. Centered on the left bank of the Rhine, left (west) bank of the Rhine, Cologne is about southeast of NRW's state capital Düsseldorf and northwest of Bonn, the former capital of West Germany. The city's medieval Catholic Cologne Cathedral (), the third-tallest church and tallest cathedral in the world, constructed to house the Shrine of the Three Kings, is a globally recognized landmark and one of the most visited sights and pilgrimage destinations in Europe. The cityscape is further shaped by the Twelve Romanesque churches of Cologne, and Cologne is famous for Eau de Cologne, that has been produced in the city since 1709, and "col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Democratic Party Of Germany
The Social Democratic Party of Germany (german: Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, ; SPD, ) is a centre-left social democratic political party in Germany. It is one of the major parties of contemporary Germany. Saskia Esken has been the party's leader since the 2019 leadership election together with Lars Klingbeil, who joined her in December 2021. After Olaf Scholz was elected chancellor in 2021 the SPD became the leading party of the federal government, which the SPD formed with the Greens and the Free Democratic Party, after the 2021 federal election. The SPD is a member of 11 of the 16 German state governments and is a leading partner in seven of them. The SPD was established in 1863. It was one of the earliest Marxist-influenced parties in the world. From the 1890s through the early 20th century, the SPD was Europe's largest Marxist party, and the most popular political party in Germany. During the First World War, the party split between a pro-war mainstream ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Graphical Federation
The International Graphical Federation (IGF) was a global union federation bringing together unions of printing workers around the world. History Moved to establish the federation began in 1939, when the Lithographers' International, International Typographers' Secretariat, and International Federation of Bookbinders and Kindred Trades, agreed to merge. However, due to World War II, no progress was made until 1946, when the British Printing and Kindred Trades Federation established a committee which drafted a constitution for a merged organisation. The federation was established at its first meeting, in Stockholm in 1949. It agreed to operate on a non-political basis, instead focusing on responses to technical developments in the industry, and sharing information on industrial disputes, employment and health and safety standards in each country. The federation had three boards, covering typography, lithography and bookbinding, and each agreed policies which were put to the bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fifth Column
A fifth column is any group of people who undermine a larger group or nation from within, usually in favor of an enemy group or another nation. According to Harris Mylonas and Scott Radnitz, "fifth columns" are “domestic actors who work to undermine the national interest, in cooperation with external rivals of the state." The activities of a fifth column can be overt or clandestine. Forces gathered in secret can mobilize openly to assist an external attack. This term is also extended to organised actions by military personnel. Clandestine fifth column activities can involve acts of sabotage, disinformation, espionage, and/or terrorism executed within defense lines by secret sympathizers with an external force. Origin The term "fifth column" originated in Spain (originally ''quinta columna'') during the early phase of the Spanish Civil War. It gained popularity in the Loyalist faction media in early October 1936 and immediately started to spread abroad. The exact origins of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arts Union (Germany)
The Arts Union (german: Gewerkschaft Kunst) was a trade union representing cultural workers in West Germany. The union was founded on 26 August 1949, at a conference in Frankfurt. It was initially based in Hamburg, but relocated to Düsseldorf in 1955. The union initially had five sections: * Association of Visual Artists * German Musicians' Union * Guild of the German Stage * International Artists' Lodge * Professional Association of Journalists and Writers (transferred to Printing and Paper Union in 1951) Other sections were created later, including the Broadcast Television Film Union, the Union of Music Educators and Concert Artists, and the Jazz/rock/pop/improvised music group. By 1988, the union had a membership of 29,613. The following year, it merged with the Printing and Paper Union, to form the Media Union. Presidents :1949: Willi Feldmann :1954: Heinrich Wüllner :1962: Viktor de Kowa :1966: Wolfgang Windgassen Wolfgang Windgassen (26 June 1914 – 8 September 197 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Media Union
The Media Union (german: IG Medien – Druck und Papier, Publizistik und Kunst) was a trade union representing German workers in the printing, paper, journalism and arts. The union was founded on 15 April 1989 at a meeting in Hamburg, with the merger of the Printing and Paper Union and the Arts Union. Initially, it had nine sectoral groups: Printing and Publishing, Paper and Plastics Processing, Broadcasting/Film/Audio-visual Media (RFFU), Journalism (dju/SWYV), Association of German Writers (VS), Fine Arts (BGBK), Performing Arts (IAL/Theater), Music (DMV/GDMK), Publishers and Agencies. In October 1990, it absorbed the East German Printing and Paper Union and Arts Union, and for a time renamed itself as IG Medien Deutschlands. By 1998, the union had 184,656 members. In 2001, it merged with the German Postal Union, the German Salaried Employees' Union, the Public Services, Transport and Traffic Union, and the Trade, Banking and Insurance Union, to form Ver.di. Presidents :1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leonhard Mahlein
Leonhard Mahlein (4 April 1921 – 18 December 1985), known as Loni Mahlein, was a German trade union leader. Born in Nuremberg, Mahlein's father was a member of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) who was arrested by the Nazis in 1935 and sentenced to two-and-a-half years in prison. Leonhard undertook an apprenticeship in printing, but was forced to leave his initial placement due to his own anti-Nazi views. He was eventually able to complete his apprenticeship, and joined the Printing and Paper Union, becoming leader of its youth section in Nuremberg, and also chaired his local works council. From 1951 until 1956, Mahlein worked as a teacher of printing. He was a supporter of the KPD until 1952, but in 1956, he joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany, and was also elected as the deputy chair of the Printing and Paper Union in Bavaria. From 1965, he worked full-time for the union as the chair of its Bavaria district. In 1968, Mahlein was elected as national presid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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