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Eritrean War For Independence
The Eritrean War of Independence was a war for independence which Eritrean independence fighters waged against successive Ethiopian governments from 1 September 1961 to 24 May 1991. Eritrea was an Italian colony from the 1880s until the defeat of the Italians by the Allies of World War II in 1941, Eritrea then briefly became a British protectorate until 1951. The General Assembly of the United Nations held a meeting about the fate of Eritrea, in which the majority of the delegates voted for the federation of Eritrea with Ethiopia, and Eritrea became a constituent state of the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea in 1952. The Federation was supposed to last for ten years in which Eritreans could have mini sovereign decisions such as a parliament and some autonomy, but under the Ethiopian crown for further ones. The Assembly also assigned commissioner Anzio Mattienzo to supervise the process. Eritreans were supposed to claim Eritrea as an independent sovereign state after th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opposition To Haile Selassie
Opposition to Haile Selassie relied largely of internal administration of his country. While Haile Selassie made attempt to modernize the country and brought to global power since Italy's occupation in 1936–41, the later administration met with negative public attitude especially among educated people in universities and peasants. Several coups made to overthrow Haile Selassie government notability in 1960 and finally in the 1974 revolution. One of the most notorious events that degraded Haile Selassie reputations include overtaxing system in Gojjam since 1930, famines in Wollo and Tigray since 1958, and autocratic land seizure. The first student movements were held in 1965 at Addis Ababa University seeking land redistribution and abolition of feudalism in the Ethiopian Empire. Other aspect includes the Eritrean War of Independence in 1962, seeking Eritrea autonomy from the Ethiopian imperial government. Foreign contributions After returning to the throne following Italy's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethiopian Empire
The Ethiopian Empire (), also formerly known by the exonym Abyssinia, or just simply known as Ethiopia (; Amharic and Tigrinya: ኢትዮጵያ , , Oromo: Itoophiyaa, Somali: Itoobiya, Afar: ''Itiyoophiyaa''), was an empire that historically spanned the geographical area of present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea from the establishment of the Solomonic dynasty by Yekuno Amlak approximately in 1270 until the 1974 coup d'etat of Emperor Haile Selassie by the Derg. By 1896, the Empire incorporated other regions such as Hararghe, Gurage and Wolayita, and saw its largest expansion with the federation of Eritrea in 1952. Throughout much of its existence, it was surrounded by hostile forces in the African Horn; however, it managed to develop and preserve a kingdom based on its ancient form of Christianity. Founded in 1270 by the Solomonic Dynasty nobleman Yekuno Amlak, who claimed to descend from the last Aksumite king and ultimately the Biblical Menelik I and the Queen of Sheba, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abiye Abebe
'' Lij'' Abiye Abebe ( am, አብይ አበበ; born 1918 – 23 November 1974) was an Ethiopian politician and son-in-law of Emperor Haile Selassie. Biography Son of '' Liqa Mequas'' Abebe Atnaf Seggad, Abiye was born 1918 in Addis Ababa as a '' Lij''. He attended the Holeta Military Academy. In the 1940s and 1950s he was Minister of Defence, and later served as Minister of Justice and Minister of the Interior. He chaired the High National Security Commission during the Ethiopian Revolution until his arrest by the Derg on 16 July 1974. Lt. General Abiye was serving as Chief of the General Staff when he was arrested. According to John Spencer, when Prime Minister Aklilu Habte-Wold sought to resign his post in 1973, he suggested to the Emperor that he be replaced by General Abiye. Other sources indicate that Aklilu Habte-Wold's rival Prince Asrate Kassa was the person who put General Abiye forward as a fellow aristocrat. However Abiye consented to becoming Prime Minister on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haile Selassie I
Haile Selassie I ( gez, ቀዳማዊ ኀይለ ሥላሴ, Qädamawi Häylä Səllasé, ; born Tafari Makonnen; 23 July 189227 August 1975) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. He rose to power as Regent Plenipotentiary of Ethiopia (''Enderase'') for Empress Zewditu from 1916. Haile Selassie is widely considered a defining figure in modern Ethiopian history, and the key figure of Rastafari, a religious movement in Jamaica that emerged shortly after he became emperor in the 1930s. He was a member of the Solomonic dynasty, which claims to trace lineage to Emperor Menelik I, believed to be the son of King Solomon and Makeda the Queen of Sheba. Haile Selassie attempted to modernize the country through a series of political and social reforms, including the introduction of the 1931 constitution, its first written constitution, and the abolition of slavery. He led the failed efforts to defend Ethiopia during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War and spent most of the period of I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meles Zenawi
Meles Zenawi Asres (Tigrinya and ; , born Legesse Zenawi Asres; 9 May 1955 – 20 August 2012) was an Ethiopian soldier and politician who served as President of Ethiopia from 1991 to 1995 and then Prime Minister of Ethiopia from 1995 until his death in 2012. Born in Adwa to an Ethiopian father and an Eritrean mother, Meles became actively involved in politics after changing his original first name from Legesse to Meles, adopted following the execution of fellow university student Meles Takele by the Derg government in 1975. Shortly that year, he left Haile Selassie I University to join the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) and fight against the Derg (the Mengistu Haile Mariam-led military dictatorship in Ethiopia). In 1989, he became the chairman of the TPLF, and the head of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) after its formation in 1988. After leading the EPRDF to victory in the Ethiopian Civil War, he served as president of the Transitional Go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Said Abdella
Ali Said Abdella (September 1949 – August 28, 2005) was an Eritrean rebel commander, politician and diplomat, who at the time of his death was serving as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Eritrea. Ali Said was the son of a local sheik. He was of Afar ethnic origin. As a young man, he joined the Eritrean Liberation Front, a rebel group which was fighting for Eritrean independence from Ethiopia. He received medical and military training in Syria in 1965, after which he was known to lead a commando operation for hijacking and consequently burning the Ethiopian aeroplane in Karachi, Pakistan in 1969. Soon he returned to Eritrea where he was an active fighter. By the 1970s he had switched to Eritrea's other rebel group, the Eritrean People's Liberation FrontEd Harris"Eritrean foreign minister and ex-rebel dies" Reuters, August 28, 2005. and, in 1977, he became a member of the politburo of that organization. He was the commander of Nacfa front when the city was liberated in 1977. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesfin Hagos
Mesfin Hagos is an Eritrean who was one of the founding members of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF). In government, he was the Eritrean Minister of Defence during the 1990s. After repression by president Isaias Afwerki against Mesfin's colleagues, Mesfin sought political asylum in Germany in 2013, where he lived . Childhood and education Mesfin was born in Azien, Eritrea on 21 November 1947. Rebel fighter Mesfin was a founding member of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) in 1977. Before founding that organization he had joined the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) in 1966 as an ordinary member. He eventually became Deputy Commander of ELF Zone 5. Mesfin Hagos left the ELF in 1970 with Isaias Afwerki, Major General Asmerom Gerezgiher, Solomon Weldemariam and Tewelde Eyob. Hagos was a part of the founding leadership of the EPLF. Mesfin Hagos briefly served as the Chief of Staff in the EPLF. He was one of the commanders of the Battle of Af'abet that destroyed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petros Solomon
Petros Solomon (born 1951; also known as Wed'Solomon, Son of Solomon) is an Eritrean politician. He was an Eritrean People's Liberation Front commander during the Eritrean War of Independence, and following independence he served in several positions in the Cabinet, including Minister of Defense and Minister of Foreign Affairs. He has been in prison, held incommunicado in an undisclosed location, since September 18, 2001 for opposing the rule of Eritrean president Isaias Afewerki. Amnesty International has named him a prisoner of conscience. His wife Aster Yohannes, who was also a freedom fighter and member of EPLF, was detained by security personnel at Asmara International Airport in the capital Asmara on December 11, 2003, when she returned after a three-year period of study at the University of Phoenix to unite with her children. She is imprisoned at Carshel in Asmara Eritrea. All four of Solomon's children live in exile. Early life Solomon was born in a recognized family in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sebhat Ephrem
Sebhat Ephrem (Tigrinya: ስብሓት ኤፍረም; born 1951 in Bardae, Eritrea) is the Minister of Energy and Mines for Eritrea, a former Minister of Defence and former Eritrean People's Liberation Front commander during the Eritrean War of Independence The Eritrean War of Independence was a war for independence which Eritrean independence fighters waged against successive Ethiopian governments from 1 September 1961 to 24 May 1991. Eritrea was an Italian colony from the 1880s until the .... Sebhat completed high school at the Luel Mekonnen High School in Asmara and his elementary school at Evangelical School in Asmara, Eritrea. He later attended Addis Ababa University for two years before joining the EPLF in 1972. As a fighter, he quickly rose up the ranks from a political commissar to becoming part of the executive committee. Sebhat Ephrem served from June 1992 to March 1994 as the Governor of Asmara. From March 1994 to May 1995 he served as the Minister of He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romodan Mohammed Nur
Romodan Mohammed Nur was an Eritrean politician who was the first chairman of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front and a key figure during the Eritrean War of Independence Early and personal life Romodan was born in Hirghigo in 1941 to a Tigre speaking merchant family. He attended Kekiya School, and in 1957 went to Cairo for secondary school. Rebel fighter In 1961 he joined the ELF, and in 1963 Romodan went to receive military training in Syria. He rose to become political commissar of Zone 4 in 1965, and was one of the original group of five sent for training in China in 1967. In 1970, Romodan was among the founders of the People's Liberation Forces (PLF) at Sudoha Ila, and in 1971 he was elected to lead the PLF, after which he developed close links to the Ala group led by his colleague, Isaias. Together with Isaias and others, Romodan created the nucleus of what was to become the EPLF within the Eritrean Liberation Forces – People's Liberation Forces (ELF-PLF). At the EPLF' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isaias Afewerki
Isaias Afwerki ( ti, ኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ, ; born 2 February 1946) is an Eritrean politician and partisan who has been the president of Eritrea since shortly after he led the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) to victory in May 1991, ending the 30-year-old war for independence from Ethiopia. In addition to being president, Isaias is the chairman of Eritrea's sole legal political party, the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ). As Eritrea has no functioning constitution, no elections, no legislature and no published budget, Isaias is the sole power in the country, controlling its judiciary and military.Alex de WaalThe Despotism of Isaias Afewerki: Eritrea's dictator makes his move on Tigray."''The Baffler.'' 2 September 2022. Retrieved 5 Spetmeber 2022. Scholars and historians consider him to be a dictator, with his regime being described as totalitarianism, by way of forced conscription and being cited for human rights violations by the United ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmed Mohammed Nasser
Ahmed Mohammed Nasser was an Eritrean politician who was the chairman of the Eritrean Liberation Front and a key figure during the Eritrean War of Independence. Life Ahmad Mohammad Nasser was born in 1946 in a village called Ayromale located in the plains of Dioot of Eastern Akkele-Guzai. He was of Saho descent. In 1964 he joined the Eritrean Liberation Front and was sent to Iraq for training; he graduated as an officer from a military academy and was gifted a pistol and a watch by the Iraqi president Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr. In 1968 he returned to lead the Eritrean Liberation Army and continued as coordinating officer of the liberation army up to the time the historic first national congress of the Eritrean Liberation Front convened in October 1971. At this congress he was elected to the Revolutionary Council, the higher political leadership of the Front. Following the first national congress he still served in military affairs. His training and qualification helped him to accompli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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