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Epiphanius Of Petra
Epiphanius of Petra ( grc-gre, Ἐπιφάνιος ὁ Πετραῖος), also called Epiphanius of Syria, was a sophist and rhetorician at Athens in the first half of the fourth century AD. He is described as a coming from Petra in Arabia Petraea, Arabia by the ''Suda'', a ninth-century Byzantine literature, Byzantine encyclopaedia, but as coming from Roman Syria, Syria by Eunapius. This is not necessarily a contradiction, since urban Arabs frequently identified as Syrian. The ''Suda'' calls another sophist, Callinicus of Petra, both a Syrian and an Arabian. Epiphanius was the son of a certain Ulpian, probably not the same person as the sophist Ulpian of Antioch.''Suda Online''ε2741.The ''Suda'' entry was copied in the ''Ionia'' of Eudokia Makrembolitissa. He was a pupil of Julian of Cappadocia. That Epiphanius was a Paganism#Late Antiquity and Christianization, pagan is known from an incident in Laodicea in Syria, Laodicea, where he was on close terms with two prominent local Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sophist
A sophist ( el, σοφιστής, sophistes) was a teacher in ancient Greece in the fifth and fourth centuries BC. Sophists specialized in one or more subject areas, such as philosophy, rhetoric, music, athletics, and mathematics. They taught ''arete'' – "virtue" or "excellence" – predominantly to young statesmen and nobility. In the present day, however, a sophist refers to someone who deliberately argues using fallacious arguments or reasoning, in order to mislead; see the section below. Etymology The Greek word el, σοφός, sophos, a wise man, label=none is related to the noun el, σοφία, sophia, wisdom, label=none. Since the times of Homer it commonly referred to an expert in his profession or craft. Charioteers, sculptors, or military experts could be referred to as in their occupations. The word has gradually come to connote general wisdom and especially wisdom in human affairs such as politics, ethics, and household management. This was the meaning ascr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apollinaris Of Laodicea
Apollinaris the Younger, also known as Apollinaris of Laodicea and Apollinarius ( grc, Ἀπολινάριος; died 382) was a bishop of Laodicea in Syria. He is best known as a noted opponent of Arianism. Apollinaris's eagerness to emphasize the deity of Jesus and the unity of his person led him to deny the existence of a rational human soul in Christ's human nature. This view came to be called Apollinarism. It was condemned by the First Council of Constantinople in 381. Life He collaborated with his father, Apollinaris the Elder, in reproducing the Old Testament in the form of Homeric and Pindaric poetry and the New Testament after the fashion of Platonic dialogues, when the emperor, Julian, had forbidden Christians to teach the classics. He is best known, however, as a noted opponent of Arianism. Apollinaris's eagerness to emphasize the deity of Jesus and the unity of his person led him so far as to deny the existence of a rational human soul (νοῦς, ''nous'') in Chris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Menander Rhetor
Menander Rhetor ( el, Μένανδρος Ῥήτωρ), also known as Menander of Laodicea ( el, Μένανδρος ὁ Λαοδικεύς), was a Greek rhetorician and commentator of the 3rd or 4th century AD. Two incomplete treatises on epideictic speeches have been preserved under his name, but it is generally considered that they cannot be by the same author. Bursian attributes the first to Menander, whom he placed in the 4th century, and the second to an anonymous rhetorician of Alexandria Troas, who possibly lived in the time of Diocletian. Others, from the superscription of the Paris manuscript, assign the first to Genethlius of Petra in Palestine. In view of the general tradition of antiquity, that both treatises were the work of Menander, it is possible that the author of the second was not identical with the Menander mentioned by the '' Suda''; since the name is of frequent occurrence in later Greek literature. The first treatise, entitled ''Division of Epideictic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Demosthenes
Demosthenes (; el, Δημοσθένης, translit=Dēmosthénēs; ; 384 – 12 October 322 BC) was a Greek statesman and orator in ancient Athens. His orations constitute a significant expression of contemporary Athenian intellectual prowess and provide insight into the politics and culture of ancient Greece during the 4th century BC. Demosthenes learned rhetoric by studying the speeches of previous great orators. He delivered his first judicial speeches at the age of 20, in which he successfully argued that he should gain from his guardians what was left of his inheritance. For a time, Demosthenes made his living as a professional speechwriter ( logographer) and a lawyer, writing speeches for use in private legal suits. Demosthenes grew interested in politics during his time as a logographer, and in 354 BC he gave his first public political speeches. He went on to devote his most productive years to opposing Macedon's expansion. He idealized his city and stro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scholia
Scholia (singular scholium or scholion, from grc, σχόλιον, "comment, interpretation") are grammatical, critical, or explanatory comments – original or copied from prior commentaries – which are inserted in the margin of the manuscript of ancient authors, as glosses. One who writes scholia is a scholiast. The earliest attested use of the word dates to the 1st century BC. History Ancient scholia are important sources of information about many aspects of the ancient world, especially ancient literary history. The earliest scholia, usually anonymous, date to the 5th or 4th century BC (such as the ''scholia minora'' to the ''Iliad''). The practice of compiling scholia continued to late Byzantine times, outstanding examples being Archbishop Eustathius' massive commentaries to Homer in the 12th century and the ''scholia recentiora'' of Thomas Magister, Demetrius Triclinius and Manuel Moschopoulos in the 14th. Scholia were altered by successive copyists an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zosimus (sophist)
Zosimus, Zosimos, Zosima or Zosimas may refer to: People * * Rufus and Zosimus (died 107), Christian saints * Zosimus (martyr) (died 110), Christian martyr who was executed in Umbria, Italy * Zosimos of Panopolis, also known as ''Zosimus Alchemista'', 3rd-century alchemist * Zosimus the Hermit, 3rd-century Christian ascetic * Zosimus, bishop of Naples, – * Zosimas of Palestine ( – ), Eastern Orthodox saint * Zosimus (historian) (c. 490–510) 5th-century Byzantine historian * Pope Zosimus (died 418), born in Mesoraca, Calabria, who reigned from 417 to his death in 418 * Zosimos of Samosata, mosaicist at Zeugma * Zosimus, 5th-century hermit who discovered Mary of Egypt in the desert * Zosimus the Epigrammist in ''Anthologia Graeca'' * John Zosimus (Ioane-Zosime), 10th-century Georgian monk and hymnist * Zosimas of Solovki (died 1478), Russian Orthodox saint, founder of Solovetsky Monastery * Zosimus, Metropolitan of Moscow (died 1494), Metropolitan of Moscow and Russia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genethlius Of Petra
Genethlius ( el, Γενέθλιος, Genéthlios) was a 3rd-century Arab sophist from Petra, Arabia Petraea. His father was also named Genethlius. He was a pupil of the Greek sophists Minucianus ( grc, Μινουκιανός) and Agapetus ( grc, Ἀγαπητός), and then he himself became a teacher and practiced rhetoric in Athens. He has been known as a rival to the famous Callinicus of Petra.{{Cite web , title=SOL Search , url=https://www.cs.uky.edu/~raphael/sol/sol-entries/gamma/132 , access-date=2022-03-02 , website=www.cs.uky.edu Genethlius is also thought by some scholars to be the author of the first treatise in the corpus of Menander Rhetor Menander Rhetor ( el, Μένανδρος Ῥήτωρ), also known as Menander of Laodicea ( el, Μένανδρος ὁ Λαοδικεύς), was a Greek rhetorician and commentator of the 3rd or 4th century AD. Two incomplete treatises on epidei .... References Arabs in the Roman Empire Arab Christians Sophists 3rd-cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vindonius Anatolius
Vindonius Anatolius of Beirut or Vindonius Anatolius Berytius, also known as Vindanius, Vindanionius, was a Greek author of the 4th century, and may be identical with the praetorian prefect of Illyricum mentioned by Ammianus Marcellinus. He was the author of a "collection of agricultural practices" based on numerous earlier authors including Julius Africanus, pseudo-Democritus, pseudo-Apuleius, the Sextus Quinctilius Condianus, Quinctilii, Florentinus and Tarentinus. Except for a few fragments, the work of Vindonius is lost. Evidence of its contents includes: * It was the major source of the 6th-century work of Cassianus Bassus' ''Eclogae de re rustica'', which is also lost but was excerpted in the ''Geoponica'', a surviving 10th-century text. * Photios I of Constantinople, Photius included a notice of Vindonius's work in his ''Bibliotheca'' (codex 163). * A Syriac language, Syriac translation was made in the 6th or 7th century, and Arabic language, Arabic and Armenian language, Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diophantus The Arab
Diophantus the Arab ( grc, ∆ιόφαντος ὁ Ἀράβιος) was an Arab teacher and sophist at Athens during the 4th century AD. His most famous student was Libanius (336–340). He was active during the reign of Julian the Apostate (361–363).John R. Martindale, A. H. M. Jones and John Morris (eds.), ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire: Volume I, AD 260–395'' (Cambridge University Press, 1971), pp. 260–261.Ad Meskens, ''Travelling Mathematics: The Fate of Diophantos' Arithmetic'' (Springer, 2010), p. 48 n28.Samuel N. C. Lieu, "Scholars and Students in the Roman East", in R. MacLeod (ed.), ''The Library of Alexandria: Centre of Learning in the Ancient World'' (I. B. Tauris, 2004), pp. 129–130. Diophantus' place of birth within Arabia is unknown. It may have been Petra, also the birthplace of the 5th-century iatrosophist Gessius of Petra and a place associated with Diophantus' contemporary and fellow sophist, Epiphanius of Syria. He is not listed among the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Libanius
Libanius ( grc-gre, Λιβάνιος, Libanios; ) was a teacher of rhetoric of the Sophist school in the Eastern Roman Empire. His prolific writings make him one of the best documented teachers of higher education in the ancient world and a critical source of history of the Greek East during the 4th century AD. During the rise of Christian hegemony in the later Roman Empire, he remained unconverted and in religious matters was a pagan Hellene. Life Libanius was born in Antioch, located near the modern-day city of Antakya, Turkey. He was born into a deeply cultured and once-influential family that had experienced substantial recent decline. In 303 AD, eleven years before his birth, his family had participated in resisting an insurrection by a local army garrison. In the end, Roman Imperial authorities were equally concerned by local aristocrats arming themselves as they were by the rebellious troops. Libanius' family fell out of favor and his grandfather was executed. Libanius' fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodotus Of Laodicea
Theodotus (c. 260 – c. 335) was the bishop of Laodicea in Syria from the early 300s. He replaced Stephen, who apostasized during the Great Persecution (303–313). The exact year of his consecration cannot be fixed more precisely. He attended at least four church councils. According to Eusebius of Caesarea's '' Historia ecclesiastica'', Theodotus "proved his personal name ... true" and was a gift from God to the diocese of Laodicea. Eusebius also praises him for his knowledge of "the science of bodily healing" and for being a "dedicated student of divine teachings", implying that he was trained in both medicine and theology prior to becoming bishop. He used his medical training to treat the faithful during the Great Persecution. Eusebius and Theodotus were probably born around the same time. They were close friends and ecclesiastical allies throughout their episcopal careers. Eusebius dedicated two apologetic works, '' Praeparatio evangelica'' and ''Demonstratio evangelica'', bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
